Munthu amapita kusitolo osachepera katatu pamlungu, nthaŵi iliyonse akatenga matumba angapo okhala ndi zipatso kapena ndiwo zamasamba, buledi, nsomba kapena nyama m’matumba apulasitiki, ndipo potuluka amaziika zonse m’matumba angapo angapo. Chotsatira chake, mu sabata amagwiritsa ntchito matumba khumi mpaka makumi anayi onyamula katundu ndi zazikulu zochepa. Zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi, makamaka - munthu amagwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero cha matumba akuluakulu ngati zinyalala. M’chaka, banja lina limataya zikwama zambirimbiri zotayidwa. Ndipo m'kupita kwa moyo, chiwerengero chawo chimafika pa chiwerengero chakuti ngati mutachifalitsa pansi, mukhoza kuyala msewu pakati pa mizinda ingapo.
Anthu amataya mitundu isanu ya zinyalala: pulasitiki ndi polyethylene, mapepala ndi makatoni, zitsulo, galasi, mabatire. Palinso mababu owunikira, zida zapakhomo, mphira, koma sizili m'gulu la zomwe zimathera mu zinyalala sabata iliyonse, kotero sitikunena za iwo. Mwa mitundu isanu yapamwamba, yowopsa kwambiri ndi pulasitiki ndi polyethylene, chifukwa imawola kuyambira zaka 400 mpaka 1000. Pamene chiŵerengero cha anthu chikuwonjezereka, matumba ambiri amafunikira chaka chilichonse, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi, vuto la kutaya kwawo likukulirakulirabe. M'zaka 30, dziko lapansi likhoza kumira munyanja ya polyethylene. Mapepala, malingana ndi mtunduwo, amawola kuyambira milungu ingapo mpaka miyezi. Galasi ndi zitsulo zimatenga nthawi yayitali, koma zimatha kupatukana ndi zinyalala ndikuzibwezeretsanso, chifukwa sizitulutsa poizoni panthawi yoyeretsa. Koma polyethylene, ikatenthedwa kapena kuwotchedwa, imatulutsa ma dioxin, omwe si owopsa kwambiri kuposa poizoni wa cyanide.
Malinga ndi Greenpeace Russia, matumba apulasitiki pafupifupi 65 biliyoni amagulitsidwa m'dziko lathu pachaka. Ku Moscow, chiwerengerochi ndi 4 biliyoni, ngakhale kuti gawo la likulu ndi 2651 lalikulu mamita, ndiye poyika mapepalawa, mukhoza kuika muscovites onse pansi pawo.
Ngati chirichonse sichinasinthidwe, ndiye kuti pofika 2050 dziko lidzasonkhanitsa matani 33 biliyoni a zinyalala za polyethylene, zomwe 9 biliyoni zidzasinthidwa, 12 biliyoni zidzawotchedwa, ndipo zina 12 biliyoni zidzaikidwa m'manda. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kulemera kwa anthu onse ndi pafupifupi matani 0,3 biliyoni, choncho, anthu adzakhala atazunguliridwa ndi zinyalala.
Mayiko opitilira makumi asanu padziko lapansi achita mantha kale ndi chiyembekezo chotere. China, India, South Africa ndi ena ambiri adayambitsa chiletso cha matumba apulasitiki mpaka ma microns 50 wandiweyani, chifukwa chake asintha zinthu: kuchuluka kwa zinyalala m'matayala kwachepa, mavuto a zimbudzi ndi zotayira zachepa. Ku China, adawerengera kuti pazaka zitatu za ndondomeko yotereyi, adapulumutsa matani 3,5 miliyoni amafuta. Hawaii, France, Spain, Czech Republic, New Guinea ndi mayiko ena ambiri (32 pamodzi) adayambitsa chiletso chonse cha matumba apulasitiki.
Chotsatira chake, akwanitsa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinyalala m'malo otayirako, kuthetsa mavuto ndi zotchinga m'madzi, kuyeretsa malo oyendera alendo ndi mitsinje, ndikupulumutsa mafuta ambiri. Ku Tanzania, Somalia, UAE, pambuyo pa chiletso, chiopsezo cha kusefukira kwa madzi chatsika nthawi zambiri.
Nikolai Valuev, Wachiwiri kwa Wachiwiri kwa Wapampando wa Komiti Yowona Zachilengedwe ndi Chitetezo Chachilengedwe, adati:
"Zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi, kusiyidwa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa matumba apulasitiki ndi gawo loyenera, ndikuthandizira zoyesayesa zochepetsera kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi anthu, izi zitha kutheka pophatikiza mphamvu zamabizinesi, boma ndi anthu."
M'kupita kwanthawi, ndizopanda phindu kuti boma lililonse lilimbikitse kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotayidwa m'dziko lake. Matumba a pulasitiki amapangidwa kuchokera ku mafuta a petroleum, ndipo ndi zinthu zosasinthika. Sizomveka kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta amtengo wapatali, omwe nthawi zina nkhondo zimayambitsidwa. Kutaya polyethylene ndi kutenthedwa ndi koopsa kwa chilengedwe ndi anthu, chifukwa zinthu zapoizoni zimatulutsidwa mumlengalenga, choncho, izi sizilinso mwayi kwa boma lililonse loyenerera. Kungotaya m'malo otayiramo zinyalala kumangopangitsa kuti zinthu ziipireipire: polyethylene yomwe imatha kutayira pansi imakhala yauve ndipo imakhala yovuta kupatukana ndi zinyalala zina zonse, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukonza kwake.
Kale tsopano, ntchito yogwirizana ya boma, bizinesi ndi anthu a ku Russia ikufunika, yokha ingasinthe zinthu ndi polyethylene m'dziko lathu. Boma likuyenera kuyang'anira kagawidwe ka matumba apulasitiki. Kuchokera ku bizinesi, kupereka moona mtima zikwama zamapepala m'masitolo awo. Ndipo nzika zitha kungosankha matumba ogwiritsidwanso ntchito omwe angapulumutse chilengedwe.
Mwa njira, ngakhale kusamalira chilengedwe, makampani ena adaganiza zopanga ndalama. Matumba apulasitiki osawonongeka apezeka m'masitolo, koma ndi malingaliro amakampani amatumba pa umbuli wa anthu. Matumba otchedwa biodegradable matumba amenewa amangosanduka ufa, umene udakali wovulaza ndipo udzawola kwa zaka 400 zomwezo. Amakhala osawoneka ndi maso ndipo motero amakhala owopsa kwambiri.
Kuganiza bwino kumasonyeza kuti ndi bwino kukana zinthu zomwe zingathe kutayidwa, ndipo zochitika zapadziko lonse zimatsimikizira kuti izi ndi zotheka. Padziko lonse lapansi, mayiko a 76 aletsa kale kapena kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito polyethylene ndipo alandira zotsatira zabwino m'chilengedwe komanso zachuma. Ndipo ndi kwawo kwa anthu 80 pa XNUMX alionse padziko lapansi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti oposa theka la anthu padziko lapansi akutenga kale njira zopewera ngozi ya zinyalala.
Russia ndi dziko lalikulu, ambiri okhala m'matauni sazindikira vutoli panobe. Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti kulibe, ngati mupita kumalo aliwonse otayirako, mutha kuwona mapiri a zinyalala zamapulasitiki. Ndi mphamvu ya munthu aliyense kuchepetsa phazi lawo la pulasitiki mwa kungokana kuyika zinthu m'sitolo, potero kuteteza ana awo ku zovuta zachilengedwe.