Zomata zopota zitatu: kufotokozera, mawonekedwe, malo okhala, kubereka

Nsomba ya stickleback ndi nsomba ya m'madzi yaing'ono, yomwe imaimira mtundu wa nsomba zotchedwa ray-finned ndipo zimakhala za dongosolo la sticklebacks. Pansi pa dzinali, pali mitundu ingapo ya nsomba zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe amodzi, chifukwa chomwe nsombazo zidapeza dzina losangalatsali.

Nsomba zopota zitatu zimasiyana ndi nsomba zina chifukwa zimakhala ndi zipsepse zitatu zomwe zimakhala kumbuyo, kutsogolo kwa zipsepsezo. M'nkhaniyi tikambirana za momwe nsombayi ilili yosangalatsa komanso kumene imakhala.

Nsomba zopota zitatu: kufotokozera nsomba

Maonekedwe

Choyamba, nsomba ndi yaing'ono, ngakhale si yaying'ono monga, mwachitsanzo, nsomba. Imatha kukula mpaka 12 cm osapitilira, ndi kulemera kwa magalamu angapo, ngakhale anthu olemera kwambiri amapezekanso.

Thupi la nsombayi ndi lalitali ndipo mwamphamvu wothinikizidwa chapakati. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, thupi la nsomba yodabwitsayi imatetezedwa kwa adani. Monga lamulo, ali ndi mapiko atatu kumbuyo kwake, pafupi ndi zipsepse. Palinso singano zakuthwa pamimba, zomwe zimatumikira nsomba m'malo mwa zipsepse. Komanso, anasakaniza mafupa a m'chiuno pa mimba, pa nthawi ina, anali ngati chishango kwa nsomba.

Palinso chinthu china chosangalatsa chokhudzana ndi kusowa kwa mamba. M'malo mwake, pali mbale zopingasa pa thupi, zomwe chiwerengero chake chimachokera ku 20 mpaka 40. Mabala omwewo amakhala kudera lakumbuyo, lomwe liri ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. Mimba ya nsombayi imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa silvery, ndipo dera la chifuwa ndi lofiira. Pa nthawi yomweyi, panthawi yoberekera, malo a pachifuwa amatenga mtundu wofiira kwambiri, ndipo malo akumbuyo amasintha kukhala obiriwira.

Makhalidwe

Nsomba zamtunduwu zimapezeka m'madzi abwino komanso amchere pang'ono. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, stickleback imasankha matupi amadzi ndi madzi pang'onopang'ono. Izi zikhoza kukhala mitsinje ndi nyanja zazing'ono zokhala ndi matope pansi ndi zitsamba za zomera zam'madzi. Nsombazi zimakhala m'magulu ambiri. Ziweto zimayenda mozungulira dziwe mwachangu ndikuchitapo kanthu ndi chilichonse chomwe chagwera m'madzi. Pachifukwa ichi, stickleback nthawi zambiri amafika pa mitsempha ya anglers, nthawi zonse akuyendayenda pamalo osodza.

Kuswana

Ngakhale kuti yaikazi imatha kuikira mazira 100, stickleback imaswana kwambiri. M’nyengo yoswana, nsomba imeneyi imapanga zisa zimene yaikazi imaikira mazira. Kenako, amuna amayamba kusamalira anawo.

Pa nthawi yoberekera, zomata zazikazi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wowala.

Asanayambe kuswana, amakhala ndi udindo wodziwika bwino pakati pa akazi ndi amuna. Amuna ali ndi udindo wopanga zisa ndikupeza malo ochitira zimenezo. Monga lamulo, amamanga zisa pansi pamatope kapena mu udzu pafupi ndi maluwa amadzi. Amagwiritsa ntchito silt ndi zidutswa za udzu kumanga zisa za mpira.

Chisacho chikamangidwa, yaimuna imayang’ana yaikazi, imene imaikira mazira m’chisa chake, kenako imaiphatikiza ndi ubwamuna. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mwamuna amatha kupeza akazi oposa mmodzi. Pankhaniyi, chisa chake chimakhala ndi mazira angapo aakazi.

Nthawi yobereketsa imatha mpaka mwezi umodzi. Mwamsanga akangobadwa, mwamuna amawasamalira, akuthamangitsa adani. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, iye salola ana kusambira kutali kwambiri. Ndipo komabe, mosasamala kanthu za chisamaliro chotere, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu la nyama zazing'ono zimatha kupulumuka.

stickleback adani

Popeza kuti ndodo ya mipiringidzo itatu ili ndi nsonga kumsana ndi singano pamimba pake, imatha kudziteteza kwa adani. Ngakhale izi, ali ndi adani achilengedwe, monga zander kapena pike. Nsomba ikagwidwa ndi nsomba yolusa, imafalitsa nsonga zake, zomwe zimapyoza mkamwa mwake. Kuwonjezera pa nsomba zolusa, mbalame monga mbalamezi zimadya msana.

Kodi msana wokakamira umapezeka kuti

Nsomba imeneyi imakhala pafupifupi m’madzi onse a ku Ulaya, monga nyanja ndi mitsinje. Kuphatikiza apo, imapezeka paliponse m'madzi aku North America.

Pa gawo la Russia, ndodo zopota zitatu zimapezeka m'mitsinje ndi nyanja za Far East, komanso ku Kamchatka. The stickleback, ngakhale kawirikawiri, amapezeka m'madera European ku Russia, kuphatikizapo Nyanja Onega ndi mtsinje wa Volga.

Mtengo wachuma wa stickleback

Kwa asodzi, nsombayi ndi tsoka lenileni, chifukwa imathamangira m'magulu ozungulira dziwe ndikuthamangira chinthu chilichonse chomwe chagwera m'madzi. Ikuyenda m'magulumagulu, imapanga phokoso lowonjezera m'mphepete mwamadzi pamalo opha nsomba, zomwe zimawopseza nsomba zina. Kuphatikiza apo, nsomba iyi simasiyana kukula kwake kovomerezeka, ndipo kupezeka kwa minga kumawopseza asodzi ambiri. Ku Kamchatka, komwe kumapezeka ponseponse, anthu ammudzi amangotcha "khakalch", "khakal" kapena "khakhalcha".

M'malo mwake, imatengedwa ngati nsomba ya udzu ndipo siigwidwa pamlingo wamakampani. Ngakhale izi, stickleback imagwiritsidwa ntchito pachipatala, kuchotsa mafuta apamwamba kwambiri, omwe amalimbikitsa machiritso a bala, makamaka pambuyo poyaka. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizololedwa kupeza mafuta aukadaulo kuchokera kwa iwo kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'makampani. Ngati akonzedwa bwino, ndiye kuti n'zotheka kupeza feteleza wa m'minda, komanso kupanga chakudya chamagulu. Nkhuku nazonso sizingakane chakudya chopatsa thanzi chotere.

Posachedwapa, ndipo ngakhale m’nthawi yathu ino, anthu akumeneko ku Far East anagwira zomata n’kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ake kuphika mbale zina zodzipangira tokha. Zodabwitsa, koma mafuta a stickleback alibe fungo, poyerekeza ndi mafuta ena a nsomba. Komanso, mafuta ake amaperekedwa kwa ana pofuna kupewa matenda osiyanasiyana.

Ngati mungafune, mutha kuphika khutu kuchokera ku stickleback, koma lidzakhala lachikopa kwambiri komanso losalemera kwambiri, pokhapokha mutagwiritsa ntchito anthu akuluakulu ngati mutha kuwagwira.

Okonda ena amaika zomata m'madzi am'madzi, ngakhale ndikofunikira kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuti zisungidwe. Kuonjezera apo, kuti akonze bwino, mikhalidwe yoyenera imafunika. Chowonadi ndi chakuti panthawi yoberekera, amuna amawonetsa nkhanza kwambiri kwa amuna ena, ndipo chifukwa cha izi muyenera kukhala ndi malo ambiri okhalamo. Pansi pa aquarium iyenera kukhala ndi mchenga, ndipo kuyatsa kuyenera kukhala pafupi ndi chilengedwe. Monga lamulo, nthiti zokhala ndi katatu sizilekerera kuwala kowala.

Pomaliza

Ngakhale kuti nsombayi si yaikulu, koma mosiyana, choncho sizosangalatsa kwa onse osodza ndi malonda, zingakhale zothandiza m'tsogolomu. Izi ndichifukwa choti mitundu ya nsomba zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi osodza ndi mafakitale pakapita nthawi zitha kutha chifukwa cha kusodza kwakukulu.

Chochititsa chidwi ndi mafuta ake, omwe alibe fungo, ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amadziwa fungo la mafuta a nsomba, omwe nthawi yomweyo amakhala osamasuka. Choncho, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, makamaka popeza lero palibe chidziwitso cha nsomba zam'nyanja zomwe zingakhale zopanda ntchito kwa anthu. Monga lamulo, mafuta a nsomba ndi mafuta abwino omwe amatha kuyeretsa mitsempha ya magazi.

Palibe chowoneka bwino chomwe chingaganizidwe ngati njira yogwiritsira ntchito mafuta aukadaulo opangidwa pamaziko amafuta a nsomba. Ndipo apa nsomba yowoneka ngati yamsongole imatha kutenga gawo lalikulu pakukula kwamakampani. Kupatula apo, si chinsinsi kwa aliyense kuti chifukwa cha mtengo wamafuta, mitengo yamafuta ake ikukulanso.