Zamkatimu
Kufotokozera
Tuna ndi nsomba zam'madzi zolusa za banja la mackerel. Amapezeka m'madzi otentha komanso otentha a nyanja ya Pacific, Indian ndi Atlantic. Nthawi zina za moyo, imadutsa m'nyanja ya Mediterranean, Black, ndi Japan. Amanena za mitundu yamalonda.
Thupi ndi lalitali, fusiform, yopapatiza molunjika kumchira. Kukula kumasiyanasiyana kuchokera 50 cm mpaka 3-4 mita, kuchokera 2 mpaka 600 kg. Amadya sardines, nkhono ndi crustaceans. Tuna amathera moyo wake wonse akuyenda, amatha kuthamanga mpaka 75 km pa ola. Choncho, tuna ali ndi minofu yotukuka kwambiri, yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale yosiyana ndi nsomba zina.
Nyama yake imakhala ndi myoglobin yambiri, choncho imakhala yodzaza ndi chitsulo ndipo imakhala ndi mtundu wofiira kwambiri pa odulidwawo. Pachifukwa ichi, ili ndi dzina lachiwiri, "nkhuku ya m'nyanja" ndi "mwana wang'ombe". Ndiwofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha zakudya zake.
History
Anthu anayamba kusaka nyama zolusa nyanja 5 zaka chikwi zapitazo. Asodzi aku Japan anali apainiya pankhaniyi. M'dziko la Dzuŵa, zakudya za nyama zansombazo ndizodziwika bwino. Ndipo popeza kuti ku Japan kuli anthu azaka zana limodzi, izi zimatsimikizira kuti tuna ndi wathanzi modabwitsa. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuziphatikiza pazakudya.
Ku France, komwe ndi kotchuka chifukwa cha zakudya zabwino kwambiri, timadzi timeneti amatchedwa “nyama yophika m'nyanja,” ndipo amakonza zakudya zopepuka komanso zokoma.
Nsomba za nyama
Muli mafuta ochepa ndipo mulibe cholesterol. Mapuloteni okhutira. Ndi gwero la mavitamini A, D, C, ndi B mavitamini, omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids, selenium, ayodini, potaziyamu, ndi sodium.
Zakudya za calorie - 100 kcal pa 100 g ya mankhwala.
- Mphamvu yamagetsi: 139 kcal
- Zakudya 0
- Fat 41.4
- Mapuloteni 97.6
ubwino
Ubwino wa tuna watsimikiziridwa ndi kafukufuku wobwerezedwa:
- ndi chakudya ndipo ndi wothandiza kuti muphatikize pamndandanda wochepa;
- imathandizira pamanjenje, mtima, mafupa, komanso njira zoberekera;
- zimakhudza ubongo;
- kumathandiza ukalamba;
- bwino maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a tsitsi ndi khungu;
- amateteza kupewa khansa;
- imakhazikitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi;
- kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi;
- normalizes kagayidwe;
- Imaphwanya cholesterol.
Mavuto
Pazabwino zake zonse, tuna ilinso ndi zinthu zovulaza:
- nyama ya anthu ambiri imasonkhanitsa mercury ndi histamine zambiri, choncho ndi bwino kudya nsomba zing'onozing'ono;
- osavomerezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la impso;
- osavomerezeka kwa amayi apakati ndi oyamwa;
- yoletsedwa kwa ana ochepera zaka zitatu.
Mfundo zosangalatsa za tuna
- Anthu adayamba kutero nsomba mu 1903. Kuyamba kumalongeza kwa tuna kumawerengedwa kuti kuchepa kwa nsomba, komwe kumatchuka kwambiri ku United States, sardines.
- Chifukwa chakuchepa kwa sardine, asodzi masauzande ambiri adasiyidwa opanda ntchito, ndipo mafakitale ambiri okonza ndi kupanga zitini nawonso adasokonekera.
- Chifukwa chake, kuti tipewe kuwonongeka, imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri zaku America zongoganiza zongotenga gawo ndikupanga tuna kukhala chinthu chake chachikulu. Komabe, tuna sanatchuka msanga.
- Poyamba, anthu sankamuona ngati nsomba. Ambiri anali ndi manyazi komanso osakhutitsidwa ndi mtundu wa nyama ya tuna - osati yotumbululuka, monga nsomba zonse zachibadwa, koma zofiira zofiira, zomwe zimakumbukira nyama ya ng'ombe.
- Koma kukoma kwapadera kwa tuna kunakonza nkhaniyi, ndipo kufunika kwa nsomba posakhalitsa kunakwera. Popanga, tuna imatha kupikisana mosavuta ngakhale ndi nyama yanyama. Ndipo pankhaniyi, asodzi ambiri adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera zophera nsomba. Ndipo patadutsa zaka khumi, tuna adayamba kupanga zopangira khumi ndi ziwiri. Pofika 1917, kuchuluka kwa mafakitale oteteza tuna adakwera kufika makumi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi chimodzi.
- Masiku ano, nsomba zamzitini zimakhalabe imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino komanso zofunidwa. Ku United States, nsomba ya tuna ndi yoposa XNUMX peresenti ya nsomba zonse zamzitini, kuposa nsomba zolimidwa ndi zakutchire.
- Mtundu wachilengedwe wa tuna zamkati, womwe umasiyanitsa ndi nsomba zina, umachitika chifukwa chopanga myoglobin. Tuna timayenda mofulumira kwambiri. Liwiro la nsombazi limafika makilomita 75 pa ola limodzi. Ndipo myoglobin ndi chinthu chomwe chimapangidwa m'misempha kuti isamawononge thupi, komanso imadetsa nyama yofiira.
- Poyerekeza, nsomba zina zambiri, kuwonjezera pa kuti zimalemera kale m'madzi, sizigwira ntchito. Minofu yawo siyimangika kwambiri ndipo, motero, imatulutsa myoglobin yocheperako.
Kodi kusankha tuna?
Popeza tuna si nsomba zamafuta, muyenera kuyidya mwatsopano kwambiri. Mukamagula tizilomboti, yang'anani kuti thupi likhale lolimba, lofiira, kapena lofiira moderako. Musatenge tizilomboti ngati taphulika pafupi ndi mafupa kapena ngati ali ofiira. Chinsomba chikachuluka, chimadzatsabe madzi pambuyo pophika.
Zabwino kwambiri ndi nsomba ya bluefin (inde, ili pachiwopsezo, ndiye mukawona m'sitolo, ganizirani ngati muyenera kugula kapena ayi), yellowfin ndi albacore, kapena longfin tuna. Bonito (Atlantic Bonito) ndi mtanda pakati pa tuna ndi mackerel, womwe nthawi zambiri umatchedwa tuna, ndipo umadziwika kuti ndiwotchuka kwambiri.
Mutha kugula nsomba zamzitini nthawi iliyonse. Zakudya zamzitini kwambiri ndi albacore ndi nsomba zamizere. Zakudya zamzitini zimakhala ndi madzi, brine, masamba, kapena maolivi. Zakudya zamzitini zomwe mumagula ziyenera kulembedwa kuti "dolphin ochezeka," posonyeza kuti asodzi agwira nsomba osagwiritsa ntchito ukonde, womwe ungathenso kugwira ma dolphin ndi nyama zina zam'madzi. Pakhoza kukhalanso chizindikiro "chosakomera mbalame", chomwe chikuwonetsa kuti palibe mbalame zomwe zidavulala posodza nsomba za tuna. Izi zimachitika kwambiri.
Tuna yosungirako
Pukutani timatumba ta tuna ndi chopukutira papepala ndikuyika pa mbale. Limbikitsani mbaleyo ndi filimu yolumikizira ndikuyiyika mufiriji pashelufu yapansi. Muyenera kudya nsomba masana. Zingakuthandizeni ngati mungasunge nsomba zamzitini m'malo ozizira, amdima. Mukatsegula mtsukowo, zomwe zili mkatimo ziyenera kuthiridwa mumtsuko wagalasi wokhala ndi chivindikiro cholimba ndikusungidwa m'firiji osapitirira maola 24.
Makhalidwe akulawa
Tuna ndi membala wa banja la a Mackerel, omwe kulawa kwawo pang'ono komanso nyama yabwino kwambiri ndizifukwa zazikulu zofunira nsomba ngati chinthu chowedza. Ophika amakonda kuisunga ndikupanga zaluso zaluso.
Nyama yokoma kwambiri ya nsomba ili pamimba. Kumeneku kumakhala mafuta kwambiri komanso kuda kwambiri kuposa madera ena a mascara. Mnofu wam'mimba umagawika m'magulu angapo kutengera komwe kuli nyama komanso kuchuluka kwa mafuta. Gawo lonenepa kwambiri (o-toro) lili mdera lamutu, lotsatiridwa ndi gawo lamafuta apakatikati (toro) ndi gawo loyenda molimba kwambiri (chu-toro). Mafuta onenepa nyama, opepuka ndi mtundu.
Kuphika mapulogalamu
Tuna ndimakonda kwambiri zakudya zaku Japan ndi Mediterranean. Zosankha zotchuka ndi sashimi, sushi, saladi, teriyaki, yokazinga, yokazinga, yophika ku East. Akatswiri ophika zakudya ku Mediterranean amakonza carpaccio kuchokera ku nsomba, pizza, saladi, zokhwasula-khwasula, ndi pasitala.
Kodi kuphika tuna?
- Kuphika pa chidutswa cha mkate ndi tchizi ndi zitsamba.
- Pangani mikate ya nsomba ndi anyezi.
- Kuphika mu uvuni ndi mayonesi ndi tchizi ndi masamba.
- Onjezerani ku saladi yatsopano ndi capers, azitona, dzira.
- Manga kukulunga ndi tuna, zitsamba, mayonesi mu mkate wa pita.
- Kuphika pachithandara cha waya, kutsanulira teriyaki, ndi nyengo yake ndi nthangala za zitsamba.
- Konzani casserole ndi nsomba, bowa, ndi Zakudyazi.
- Pangani pizza ya ku Italy ya mozzarella.
- Wiritsani msuzi wa kirimu kapena msuzi wa kirimu ndi nsomba.
- Konzani soufflé ndi tuna, mazira, zonunkhira, ufa.
Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe tuna amagwirizana nazo?
- Mkaka: tchizi (cheddar, edam, parmesan, mozzarella, mbuzi, feta), mkaka, zonona.
- Msuzi: mayonesi, teriyaki, soya, salsa.
- Zobiriwira: parsley, anyezi, udzu winawake, letesi, katsabola, nyemba zobiriwira, coriander, timbewu tonunkhira, nori.
- Zokometsera, zokometsera: ginger, nthangala za sesame, rosemary, thyme, tsabola, basil, nthangala za caraway, mpiru.
- Masamba: kaloti, tomato, nandolo, mbatata, tsabola, nkhaka, kaloti, zukini.
- Mafuta: azitona, sesame, batala.
- Dzira la nkhuku.
- Champignon bowa.
- Zipatso: mapeyala, mananazi, zipatso za citrus.
- Pasitala: spaghetti.
- Zipatso: maolivi, maolivi.
- Mbewu: mpunga.
- Mowa: vinyo woyera.
WOPHUNZITSIDWA WA Tuna STEAK
Zowonjezera KWA NTCHITO ZITATU
- Mchere wa nsomba 600 gr
- Mandimu 1
- Mchere kuti ulawe
- Tsabola wakuda wakuda kuti alawe
- Tsabola wofiira wapansi kuti mulawe
- Mafuta a masamba 20 gr
kuphika
- Sambani ma steak a tuna ndikuumitsa ndi thaulo lapepala. Mchere, tsabola, ndi kuika magawo a mandimu pamwamba. Mutha kuthira madzi a mandimu m'malo mwa magawo. Siyani kuti muzizizira kwa mphindi 40.
- Thirani masamba kapena mafuta a maolivi ndi utsi wambiri pa nsomba zokometsera ndikupaka mopepuka mbali zonse. Mutha kuwotcha Steaks, inde, opanda mafuta, koma motere, tuna idzauma.
- Sakanizani poto wamafuta okwanira, POPANDA MAFUTA. Iyenera kukhala yowuma ndi yotentha - izi ndizofunikira kwambiri! Ikani ma steak pa grill ndikudina pang'ono pamwamba pawo.
- Mwachangu mbali zonsezo kwa mphindi 1.5-2 zokha kuti nyamayo ikhale yowutsa mudyo kwambiri ndipo isafanane ndi yotchedwa "yokha" youma.
- Mbale yathu yakonzeka! Ayi, si yaiwisi - ndi momwe ziyenera kukhalira! Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha, ma steak okonzeka kudya, pinki mkati komanso ofiira panja. Awasamutseni ku mbale yosalala kapena yodula. Ndikulangiza kuti muwapake mafuta a maolivi pang'ono ndikuwaza pang'ono ndi mandimu mbali zonse.
- Timapatsa ma steak mphindi zochepa kuti apumule, kenako timawapereka kwa alendo.
- Nditayesa mbale iyi koyamba mu lesitilanti, ndimayang'ana chinsinsi chomwe chingakuuzeni kuphika tuna mu poto. Ndiyenera kunena kuti kunyumba nsomba sizinakhale zokoma, chinthu chachikulu ndikuphika bwino. Mukatumikira, mutha kukongoletsa mbale bwino kuti iwoneke ngati malo odyera.
Ndikukulangizani: osatenthetsa poto wamafuta ndi mafuta, apo ayi mutha kuwononga!
Kutsiliza
Anthu amakonda mbale za tuna chifukwa nsomba zimakoma kwambiri komanso zimakhala ndi thanzi labwino. Lili ndi mchere ndi mavitamini osiyanasiyana omwe amathandizira kuti ubongo ugwire bwino ntchito. Komanso tuna amakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri ndipo amakhala ndi minofu yambiri, yomwe imawapangitsa kumva ngati nyama.
Mutha kusankha mbale iliyonse yammbali ya tuna - kwa kukoma kwanu.