Katrans, katranovye - banja lalikulu la shaki zapakatikati, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mibadwo iwiri ndi mitundu 70. Miyeso nthawi zambiri sichidutsa 2 m, pamene mitundu yambiri ya katranovyh imakula mpaka 60-90 cm. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti gulu lonse la katranovidnye (spiny shark) limaphatikiza 22 genera ndi 112 mitundu. Kufalitsidwa kwambiri. Malo awo okhala ndi madzi ozizira ndi ozizira a Nyanja Yadziko Lonse ku Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Katrans amadziwika bwino pakati pa okonda nsomba za ku Russia, chifukwa nsomba zamtundu wamba kapena zowoneka bwino (katran), zomwe zimakhala m'nyanja zikutsuka gawo la Russia, ndi za banja lomwelo. Ichi ndi nsomba yaying'ono mpaka 1 m, ngakhale nthawi zina pali anthu pafupifupi 2 m kutalika ndi kulemera kwa 14 kg. Ili ndi thupi lalitali. Mbali ya kunja kwake ndi kukhalapo kwa spike pansi pa zipsepse zam'mimba. Nthawi zambiri amakhala moyo wa ng'ombe. Zakudya za shaki ndizosiyanasiyana. Chakudya chachikulu cha katrans ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba zazing'ono, monga hering'i, sardines, ndi zina zambiri. Koma chifukwa cha moyo womwe uli pansi, mndandandawu umaphatikizapo crustaceans, nyongolotsi, mollusks ndi zina zambiri. Milandu yakusamuka kwakanthawi kwa ma spiny sharks imadziwika, koma akukhulupirira kuti malo okhala amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja mozama mpaka 200 m. Katran wa mtundu uwu ndi waukulu kwambiri pakati pa banja. Nsomba zina sizidziŵika kwambiri ndiponso n’zochepa. Mitundu ina yodziwika bwino ndi nsomba yaing'ono yotchedwa spiny shark, yomwe imapezekanso m'madera akumidzi ku Russia. Mitundu ina ya katran imakhala mozama kwambiri. Zina mwazo ndi: shaki wakuda wa spiny, shaki wa Chipwitikizi. Kuya kwa malo okhala amtunduwu kumatha kufika 2700 m. Katrans ndi chinthu chodziwika kwambiri cha nsomba zosangalatsa. Ngakhale kuti asodziwo amaona kuti nsombazi ndi zovulaza, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimawononga zida za ukonde ndi kudya nsombazo. Nsombazi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi nyama yokoma, yopanda mafupa yopanda fungo lapadera, monga mitundu yambiri ya shaki zina.
Njira zophera nsomba
Katran amagwidwa mwadala, ndipo amabweranso ngati kugwidwa. Izi sizifuna zida zapadera, monga lamulo, ndizosavuta, ndipo mbali yayikulu ndi mphamvu. Kuti mugwire katran, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zopota, tiers, abulu ndi zina zambiri. Kwa asodzi ambiri pagombe la Black Sea, usodzi wa katran ndi ntchito yosangalatsa, chifukwa ndi nsomba yamoyo yokhala ndi nyama yokoma komanso yachifundo. Ndizofunikira kudziwa apa kuti malo ogawa uXNUMXbuXNUMXbkatran, m'nyanja akutsuka Russia, samathera ndi Black Sea. Paulendo wapamadzi pafupi ndi Kola Peninsula komanso ku Far East, ndizotheka kukumana ndi gulu la shaki yaing'ono iyi, yomwe imasaka nsomba zam'madzi ndi nsomba zina zazing'ono. Sharki amagwidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'mabwato osiyanasiyana. Panyanja, katrana nthawi zambiri amafufuzidwa ndi gulu la mbalame zomwe zimatsagana ndi magulu a nsomba zazing'ono. Mokulirapo, nsombayi imagwidwa pogwira pogwiritsa ntchito nyambo zachilengedwe. Popeza kuti shaki nthawi zambiri imakonda moyo wapansi, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana zapansi, makamaka popha nsomba kuchokera m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndibwino. Madzulo ndi usiku, katran nthawi zambiri imayandikira gombe kufunafuna chakudya, nthawi zambiri m'malo omwe anthu amachita.
Kuwedza phula popota
Amateurs ambiri amagwira katran pogwiritsa ntchito zida zopota. Ena a anglers amaganiza kuti ndodo zopota ziyenera kukhala "kalasi ya m'madzi". Zofunikira zazikulu za ndodo ndikugawa mphamvu zokwanira, koma chochitacho chikulimbikitsidwa kukhala chapakati mwachangu kapena pafupi ndi parabolic. Izi ndichifukwa chakuti nsomba, makamaka pa gawo loyamba la kusewera, zimapanga jerks lakuthwa, zomwe zingayambitse kutaya kwa zida. Kwa usodzi wa katran, ndodo zopha nsomba zokhala ndi ma reel ochulukitsa komanso osakhala a inertial ndizoyenera. Usodzi wa Catran pa kupota m'madzi ndi wothandiza kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito nyambo zoyima komanso kugwedera. Muzochitika zonse, ndi nsomba zomwe zimayang'aniridwa pa katran, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito leashes zopangidwa ndi zipangizo zolimba. Mu njira yosavuta, ikhoza kukhala monofilament yowonjezereka, fluorocarbon, ndi zina zotero. Usodzi wa m'nyanja, monga lamulo, sufuna zida zolimba, ndipo pankhani ya katran, musaiwale kuti iyi ndi shaki, ngakhale yaying'ono. Pomenyana, ndi bwino kuti musawope kwambiri mano monga mapiko akuthwa mu zipsepse. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zopangira, ndizotheka kusodza ndi njira zachikhalidwe za "kuponya", komanso "track" kapena "trolling". Mukaluma, m'pofunika kudulidwa, poganizira kuti kuzama kwakukulu, mayendedwe ayenera kusesa kwambiri. Usodzi wothandiza kwambiri pakupota umapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito zidutswa za nyama ya nsomba, nkhono ndi zinthu zina pa nyambo.
Nyambo
Monga tanenera kale, nsomba yopambana kwambiri ya katrans ikuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito nyambo zachilengedwe. M’nyanja ya Black Sea, asodzi amapha nsomba za katrans pamodzi ndi zamoyo zina, choncho amagwiritsa ntchito nyambo zachikale posodza, monga kupha nsomba, nkhono, nyongolotsi za m’nyanja, nsomba zazing’ono, ndi zina zambiri. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma snap-ins pozungulira mowongoka, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito ma spinner akulu ndi ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi masinki owonjezera, mwachitsanzo, mu "sliding" version. Mukawedza poyenda, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito nyambo zambiri zothamanga.
Malo ausodzi ndi malo okhala
Monga tanenera kale, katrans m'nyanjayi amaimiridwa kwambiri. Monga ulamuliro, iwo kulibe mu equatorial, subbequatorial zigawo ndi madera apamwamba a Arctic ndi Antarctic. Kumpoto chakumadzulo, m'mphepete mwa madzi a Russia, Katran amadziwika m'madera a Murmansk ndi Arkhangelsk (Barents ndi Nyanja Yoyera). Apa amatchedwa nokotnitsa kapena marigold. Usodzi wotchuka kwambiri wa katrana ku Black Sea. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ku Far East, katran ikhoza kugwidwa m'madzi a nyanja zonse zomwe zili pafupi ndi dera la Russia, kuchokera ku Nyanja ya Bering ndi kumwera. Usodzi wa katrans ndi wotchuka kwambiri m'mayiko a East ndi Southeast Asia. Osatukuka pang'ono ndikutulutsa katrans ku Northern ndi Western Europe. Pamsika waku Europe, nsomba zimatha kutchedwa "sea eel".
Kuswana
Katrans onse ndi ovoviviparous. Katran akazi kunyamula ana mu utero 13-15 mazira. Kubereka kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri mwana mmodzi yekha amabadwa mwa akazi. M'mitundu ina, bere imachitika pafupifupi zaka ziwiri. Kukula kwa nsomba zangobadwa kumene ndi pafupifupi 2-20 cm.