Masamba ochokera ku MIT chofungatira - njira yothetsera vuto lazakudya padziko lonse lapansi?

Ngakhale pakati pa anzawo osazolowereka - akatswiri opanga zinthu komanso asayansi openga pang'ono a Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Lab, yomwe ili pafupi ndi Boston (USA), pomwe shaki zazikulu zopumira zimapachikidwa padenga, matebulo nthawi zambiri amakongoletsedwa ndi mitu ya robot. , ndi asayansi oonda, atsitsi lalifupi a malaya a ku Hawaii akusilira akukambirana mafotokozedwe odabwitsa omwe amajambula choko pa bolodi - Saleb Harper akuwoneka kuti ndi munthu wachilendo kwambiri. Pamene anzake mu kafukufuku sayansi kulenga : luntha lochita kupanga, ma prostheses anzeru, makina opindika am'badwo wotsatira ndi zida zamankhwala zomwe zimawonetsa machitidwe amanjenje amunthu mu 3D, Harper akugwira ntchito - Amalima kabichi. M'chaka chathachi, adasintha kanyumba kakang'ono ka chipinda chachisanu cha Institute (kuseri kwa zitseko za labu) kukhala dimba laukadaulo kwambiri lomwe limawoneka ngati latsitsimutsidwa ndi kanema wa sayansi. Mitundu ingapo ya broccoli, tomato ndi basil zimamera pano, zowoneka ngati mlengalenga, zosambitsidwa ndi nyali za buluu ndi zofiira za neon LED; ndipo mizu yake yoyera imawapangitsa kuwoneka ngati nsomba za jellyfish. Zomerazo zidakulungidwa pakhoma lagalasi, kutalika kwa mita 7 ndi 2.5 m'litali, kotero kuti zikuwoneka ngati zidakulunga nyumba yaofesi. Sizovuta kulingalira kuti ngati mutapereka ufulu kwa Harper ndi anzake, posachedwa atha kusintha mzinda wonse kukhala munda wamoyo komanso wodyedwa.

“Ndikhulupirira kuti tili ndi mphamvu zosintha dziko ndi dongosolo la chakudya chapadziko lonse,” akutero Harper, mwamuna wamtali, wokhuthala wazaka 34 zakubadwa wovala malaya abuluu ndi nsapato zoweta ng’ombe. “Kuthekera kwa ulimi wa m’tauni n’kwambiri. Ndipo awa si mawu opanda pake. “Ulimi wa m’matauni” m’zaka zaposachedwa waposa gawo la “maonekedwe, n’zothekadi” (pamene zoyesayesa zinapangidwa kulima letesi ndi ndiwo zamasamba padenga la mizinda ndi m’malo opanda kanthu a mizinda) ndipo zakhala funde lenileni la luso, loyambitsidwa ndi oganiza bwino. atayima mwamphamvu pamapazi awo, monga Harper. Anayambitsa nawo polojekiti ya CityFARM chaka chapitacho, ndipo Harper tsopano akufufuza momwe luso lamakono lingathandizire kukulitsa zokolola zamasamba. Nthawi yomweyo, machitidwe a sensa amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amayang'anira kufunikira kwa zomera pamadzi ndi feteleza, ndikudyetsa mbande ndi kuwala kwa mafunde abwino kwambiri: ma diode, potengera zosowa za mbewu, amatumiza kuwala komwe sikungopatsa moyo. zomera, komanso chimatsimikizira kukoma kwawo. Harper akulota kuti minda yotereyi m'tsogolomu idzatenga malo awo padenga la nyumba - m'mizinda yeniyeni kumene anthu ambiri amakhala ndikugwira ntchito.  

Zatsopano zomwe Harper akufuna kuyambitsa zitha kuchepetsa mtengo waulimi ndikuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe. Akuti poyeza ndi kuwongolera kuwala, kuthirira ndi feteleza molingana ndi njira yake, ndizotheka kuchepetsa kumwa madzi ndi 98%, kufulumizitsa kukula kwa masamba ndi nthawi 4, kuthetsa kwathunthu kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuwirikiza kawiri zakudya. mtengo wa masamba ndi kusintha kukoma kwawo.   

Kupanga chakudya ndi vuto lalikulu la chilengedwe. Asanakhale patebulo lathu, nthawi zambiri amayenda ulendo wamakilomita masauzande. Kevin Frediyani, wamkulu wa ulimi wa organic ku Bicton College, sukulu yaulimi ku Devon, UK, akuti UK imatumiza 90% ya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba kuchokera ku mayiko 24 (omwe 23% amachokera ku England). Zikuoneka kuti kutumiza kwa mutu wa kabichi wolimidwa ku Spain ndikuperekedwa ndi galimoto ku UK kudzatsogolera kutulutsa kwa pafupifupi 1.5 kg ya mpweya woipa wa kaboni. Mukakula mutu uwu ku UK, mu wowonjezera kutentha, chiwerengerocho chidzakhala chokwera kwambiri: pafupifupi 1.8 kg ya mpweya. “Tilibe kuwala kokwanira, ndipo magalasi sasunga kutentha bwino,” anatero Frediyani. Koma ngati mugwiritsa ntchito nyumba yapadera yokhala ndi zowunikira zowunikira, mutha kuchepetsa utsi mpaka 0.25 kg. Frediyani akudziwa zomwe akunena: m'mbuyomu adayang'anira minda ya zipatso ndi masamba ku Paington Zoo, komwe mu 2008 adapereka lingaliro la njira yobzalira yoyima yolima bwino nyama. Ngati titha kuyika njira zotere pamtsinje, tidzapeza chakudya chotsika mtengo, chatsopano komanso chopatsa thanzi, titha kuchepetsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ndi matani mamiliyoni pachaka, kuphatikiza gawo la kupanga lomwe limakhudza kulongedza, kuyendetsa ndi kusanja. zokolola zaulimi, zomwe zonse zimatulutsa mpweya woipa nthawi 4 kuposa kulima komweko. Izi zitha kuchedwetsa kwambiri kuyandikira kwa vuto lazakudya lomwe likubwera padziko lonse lapansi.

Akatswiri a UN awerengera kuti pofika chaka cha 2050 chiŵerengero cha anthu padziko lapansi chidzawonjezeka ndi 4.5 biliyoni, ndipo 80% ya anthu padziko lapansi adzakhala m'mizinda. Kale lero, 80% ya malo oyenera ulimi akugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo mitengo ya zinthu ikukwera chifukwa cha chilala ndi kusefukira kwa madzi. M’mikhalidwe yoteroyo, akatswiri a zaulimi atembenukira ku mizinda monga njira yothetsera vutolo. Kupatula apo, masamba amatha kulimidwa kulikonse, ngakhale m'malo osanja kapena m'malo obisalamo mabomba.

Chiwerengero cha mabungwe omwe akuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apamwamba a greenhouse polima masamba ndikuwadyetsa ndi ma LED akuphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, chimphona chachikulu monga Philips Electronics, chomwe chili ndi dipatimenti yake ya ma LED aulimi. Asayansi omwe akugwira ntchito kumeneko akupanga mitundu yatsopano ya mizere yolongedza ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Koma mpaka pano, palibe amene wakwanitsa kupanga zatsopano zoterezi kulipira. Chovuta kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. VertiCorp (Vancouver) hydroponic system, yomwe idapanga phokoso lambiri mu gulu la asayansi, yomwe idatchedwa Discovery of the Year 2012 ndi magazini ya TIME, idagwa chifukwa. adadya magetsi ambiri. “Pali mabodza ambiri ndi malonjezo opanda pake m’derali,” akutero Harper, mwana wa wophika buledi yemwe anakulira pafamu ina ku Texas. "Izi zadzetsa kuwononga ndalama zambiri komanso kugwa kwamakampani ambiri akulu ndi ang'onoang'ono."

Harper akuti chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito chitukuko chake, zitha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ndi 80%. Mosiyana ndi ukadaulo waulimi wamafakitale wotetezedwa ndi ma patent, projekiti yake ndi yotseguka, ndipo aliyense angagwiritse ntchito zatsopano zake. Pali kale chitsanzo cha izi, monga momwe zinalili ndi odula laser opangidwa ndi MIT ndi osindikiza a XNUMXD, omwe Institute imapanga ndikupereka ku ma lab padziko lonse lapansi. "Iwo adapanga maukonde opanga omwe ndimawawona ngati chitsanzo cha gulu lathu lolima masamba," akutero Harper.

… Masana abwino a June, Harper akuyesa kukhazikitsa kwake kwatsopano. Wanyamula katoni yotengedwa muzoseweretsa za ana. Pamaso pake pali bokosi la coleslaw loyatsidwa ndi ma LED a buluu ndi ofiira. Malo otsetsereka "amayang'aniridwa" ndi kamera ya kanema yoyenda yomwe Harper adabwereka kuchokera ku PlayStation. Amaphimba chipindacho ndi pepala la makatoni - ma diode amakhala owala. Wasayansiyo ananena kuti: “Tikhoza kuganizira mmene nyengo ikuyendera n’kupanga njira yolipirira kuyatsa kwa ma diode, koma dongosololi silingathe kuneneratu za mvula kapena mitambo. Tikufuna malo ochezerako pang'ono. ”  

Harper adasonkhanitsa chitsanzo choterocho kuchokera kuzitsulo za aluminiyamu ndi mapanelo a plexiglass - mtundu wa chipinda chopangira opaleshoni. Mkati mwa chipika cha galasili, chotalika kuposa munthu, zomera 50 zimakhala, zina zokhala ndi mizu yolendewera pansi ndipo zimangothiriridwa ndi zakudya.

Mwa iwo okha, njira zotere siziri zapadera: minda yaying'ono yotenthetsa wowonjezera kutentha akhala akugwiritsa ntchito kwa zaka zingapo. Zatsopanozi zagona ndendende kugwiritsa ntchito ma diode a kuwala kwa buluu ndi kofiira, komwe kumapanga photosynthesis, komanso kuwongolera komwe Harper adapeza. The wowonjezera kutentha kwenikweni chodzaza ndi masensa osiyanasiyana amene kuwerenga mumlengalenga ndi kutumiza deta pa kompyuta. "Pakapita nthawi, wowonjezera kutentha uyu adzakhala wanzeru kwambiri," akutsimikizira Harper.

Zimagwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la zilembo zomwe zimaperekedwa ku chomera chilichonse kuti ziwonetsetse kukula kwa mbewu iliyonse. “Mpaka pano, palibe amene wachitapo zimenezi,” akutero Harper. “Pakhala malipoti abodza ambiri okhudza kuyesa kotereku, koma palibe ndi mmodzi yemwe amene wapambana mayesowo. Tsopano pali zambiri zambiri m'gulu la asayansi zokhudzana ndi maphunziro oterowo, koma palibe amene akudziwa motsimikiza ngati adachita bwino, ndipo kawirikawiri, ngati adachitidwadi.

Cholinga chake ndikupanga mzere wopangira masamba omwe akufuna, woperekedwa ngati Amazon.com. M'malo mothyola masamba obiriwira (mwachitsanzo, monga tomato wobiriwira amakololedwa ku Netherlands m'chilimwe kapena ku Spain m'nyengo yozizira - osauka muzakudya komanso zopanda pake), ndiye atumize mazana a kilomita, gasi kuti apereke mawonekedwe akucha - mukhoza kuyitanitsa. tomato wanu panonso koma kupsa kwenikweni ndi mwatsopano, kuchokera m'munda, ndipo pafupifupi mumsewu wotsatira. "Kutumiza kudzakhala kofulumira," akutero Harper. "Palibe kukoma kapena kutayika kwa michere munjirayi!"

Mpaka pano, vuto lalikulu la Harper lomwe silinathetsedwe ndi magwero a kuwala. Imagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa kuchokera pawindo ndi ma LED oyendetsedwa ndi intaneti opangidwa ndi Swiss startup Heliospectra. Mukayika minda yamasamba panyumba zamaofesi, monga momwe Harper akunenera, ndiye kuti padzakhala mphamvu zokwanira kuchokera ku Dzuwa. "Zomera zanga zimangogwiritsa ntchito 10% ya kuwala kowala, zotsalazo zimangotenthetsa chipinda - zili ngati kutentha," akufotokoza Harper. - Choncho ndiyenera kuziziritsa wowonjezera kutentha mwadala, zomwe zimafuna mphamvu zambiri ndikuwononga kudzidalira. Koma nali funso losavuta: Kodi kuwala kwa dzuwa kumawononga ndalama zingati?

M'malo obiriwira amtundu wa "dzuwa", zitseko ziyenera kutsegulidwa kuti ziziziritsa chipinda ndikuchepetsa chinyezi chochuluka - izi ndi momwe alendo osaitanidwa - tizilombo ndi bowa - amalowera mkati. Magulu asayansi m'mabungwe monga Heliospectra ndi Philips amakhulupirira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito Dzuwa ndi njira yakale. M'malo mwake, kupambana kwakukulu kwasayansi pazaulimi tsopano kupangidwa ndi makampani owunikira. Heliospectra osati amapereka nyali kwa greenhouses, komanso amachita kafukufuku maphunziro m'munda wa njira imathandizira zotsalira zazomera kukula, imathandizira maluwa ndi kusintha kukoma kwa masamba. NASA ikugwiritsa ntchito nyali zomwe amapanga poyesa kusinthira "Martian space base" ku Hawaii. Kuunikira apa kumapangidwa ndi mapanelo okhala ndi ma diode, omwe ali ndi makompyuta awo omangidwira. "Mutha kutumiza chizindikiro ku chomera ndikufunsa momwe chikumvera, ndipo pobwezera chimatumiza chidziwitso cha kuchuluka kwa sipekitiramu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito komanso momwe imadyera," akutero mtsogoleri wa gulu la Heliosphere Christopher Steele, wochokera ku Gothenburg. "Mwachitsanzo, kuwala kwa buluu sikuli koyenera kukula kwa basil ndipo kumakhudza kwambiri kukoma kwake." Komanso, Dzuwa silingathe kuunikira ndiwo zamasamba mwangwiro - izi zimachitika chifukwa cha maonekedwe a mitambo ndi kuzungulira kwa Dziko lapansi. "Titha kulima masamba opanda migolo yakuda ndi mawanga omwe amawoneka bwino komanso amakoma," akuwonjezera CEO Stefan Hillberg.

Njira zowunikira zoterezi zimagulitsidwa pamtengo wa mapaundi a 4400, omwe si otsika mtengo, koma kufunikira kwa msika ndipamwamba kwambiri. Masiku ano, pali nyale pafupifupi 55 miliyoni m'malo obiriwira padziko lonse lapansi. "Nyali ziyenera kusinthidwa zaka 1-5 zilizonse," akutero Hillberg. Ndi ndalama zambiri.

Zomera zimakonda ma diode kuposa kuwala kwa dzuwa. Popeza ma diode amatha kuyikidwa pamwamba pa chomeracho, sichiyenera kuwononga mphamvu zambiri popanga zimayambira, zimamera bwino m'mwamba ndipo gawo lamasamba ndi lalitali. Ku GreenSenseFarms, famu yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, yomwe ili pamtunda wamakilomita 50 kuchokera ku Chicago, mpaka nyale za 7000 zili m'zipinda ziwiri zowunikira. "Letesi wobzalidwa pano ndiwokoma komanso wokoma," akutero CEO Robert Colangelo. - Timawunikira bedi lililonse ndi nyali 10, tili ndi mabedi 840. Timapeza mitu 150 ya letesi m’mundamo masiku 30 aliwonse.”

Mabedi amakonzedwa molunjika pafamuyo ndipo amafika kutalika kwa 7.6 m. Famu ya Green Sense imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa filimu yotchedwa "hydro-nutrient film". Pochita izi, izi zikutanthauza kuti madzi okhala ndi michere yambiri amadutsa mu "nthaka" - zipolopolo za kokonati zophwanyika, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pano m'malo mwa peat, chifukwa ndizo zowonjezera. Colangelo anati: “Chifukwa chakuti mabediwo amawaika moimirira, masambawo amakula kuwirikiza ka 25 ndipo amakolola kuwirikiza ka 30 mpaka XNUMX kuposa mmene amachitira m’malo opingasa bwinobwino,” anatero Colangelo. "Ndi zabwino kwa Dziko Lapansi chifukwa palibe mankhwala ophera tizilombo, komanso tikugwiritsa ntchito madzi obwezeretsanso ndi feteleza wokonzedwanso." "Zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kwambiri (kuposa nthawi zonse)," akutero Colangelo, ponena za fakitale yake ya masamba, yomwe inapangidwa pamodzi ndi Philips, yomwe ili yaikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Colangelo amakhulupirira kuti posachedwapa ntchito zaulimi zidzakula m'njira ziwiri zokha: choyamba, chachikulu, malo otseguka omwe amabzalidwa ndi mbewu monga tirigu ndi chimanga, zomwe zingathe kusungidwa kwa miyezi yambiri ndikusamutsidwa pang'onopang'ono padziko lonse lapansi - mindayi ili kutali ndi mizinda . Kachiwiri, minda yoyima yomwe imamera masamba okwera mtengo, owonongeka monga tomato, nkhaka ndi masamba. Famu yake, yomwe idatsegulidwa mu Epulo chaka chino, ikuyembekezeka kupanga $ 2-3 miliyoni pakubweza kwapachaka. Colangelo amagulitsa kale zinthu zake zosayina m'malesitilanti komanso malo ogulitsa a WholeFood (omwe ali pamtunda wa mphindi 30), omwe amapereka masamba atsopano m'masitolo 48 m'maboma 8 aku US.

Colangelo anati: “Chotsatira ndicho makina odzichitira okha. Popeza mabediwo amawayala molunjika, woyang’anira chomeracho akukhulupirira kuti n’zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito ma robotiki ndi masensa kuti adziwe zamasamba zakupsa, kukolola, ndikuyika mbande zatsopano. "Zidzakhala ngati Detroit ndi mafakitale ake omwe maloboti amasonkhanitsa magalimoto. Magalimoto ndi magalimoto amasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku magawo omwe amalamulidwa ndi ogulitsa, osati opangidwa mochuluka. Izi tidzazitcha "kukula mwadongosolo". Tidzathyola masamba sitolo ikadzawafuna.”

Chinthu chinanso chodabwitsa kwambiri pazaulimi ndi "mafamu onyamula katundu". Ndi mabokosi okulirapo omwe ali ndi zida zotenthetsera, kuthirira ndi kuyatsa ndi nyali za diode. Zotengerazi, zosavuta kunyamula ndi kusunga, zitha kuunikidwa zinayi pamwamba pa mzake ndikuziyika kunja kwa masitolo ndi malo odyera kuti awapatse masamba atsopano.

Makampani angapo adzaza kale niche iyi. Growtainer yochokera ku Florida ndi kampani yomwe imapanga minda yonse komanso mayankho apamalo odyera ndi masukulu (komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonera mu biology). "Ndayika madola milioni mu izi," akutero mkulu wa Grotainer Glen Berman, yemwe watsogolera olima maluwa ku Florida, Thailand, ndi Vietnam kwa zaka 40 ndipo tsopano ndi wofalitsa wamkulu wa zomera zamoyo ku US ndi Europe. "Takonza njira zothirira ndi zowunikira," akutero. "Timakula bwino kuposa chilengedwe chokha."

Kale, ali ndi malo ambiri ogawa, ambiri omwe amagwira ntchito molingana ndi dongosolo la "eni-ogula": amakugulitsani chidebe, ndipo mumalima masamba nokha. Webusayiti ya Berman imanenanso kuti zotengerazi ndizabwino kwambiri "zotsatsa zamoyo" pomwe ma logo ndi zidziwitso zina zitha kuyikidwa. Makampani ena amagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana - amagulitsa zotengera zomwe zili ndi logo yawo, momwe masamba akukula kale. Tsoka ilo, pomwe ziwembu zonsezo ndizokwera mtengo kwa ogula.

"Mafamu ang'onoang'ono ali ndi ROI yobwerera m'dera lililonse," akutero Paul Lightfoot, CEO wa Bright Farms. Bright Farms amapanga nyumba zazing'ono zobiriwira zomwe zingathe kuikidwa pafupi ndi sitolo, motero kuchepetsa nthawi ndi mtengo woperekera. "Ngati mukufuna kutenthetsa chipinda, ndikotsika mtengo kutenthetsa masikweya kilomita khumi kuposa mamita zana."

Ena oyambitsa zaulimi sachokera ku maphunziro koma ochokera ku bizinesi. Momwemonso Bright Farms, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi pulojekiti yopanda phindu ya 2007 ya ScienceBarge, yofananira ndi famu yamatawuni yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mumtsinje wa Hudson (New York). Apa m’pamene masitolo akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi anaona kuti anthu ambiri ayamba kufuna masamba atsopano, omwe amalimidwa m’deralo.

Chifukwa chakuti 98% ya letesi yogulitsidwa m'masitolo akuluakulu aku US imabzalidwa ku California m'chilimwe komanso ku Arizona m'nyengo yozizira, mtengo wake (womwe umaphatikizapo mtengo wamadzi, womwe ndi wokwera mtengo kumadzulo kwa dziko) ndi wokwera kwambiri. . Ku Pennsylvania, Bright Farms inasaina pangano ndi sitolo yaikulu ya m’deralo, inalandira ngongole ya msonkho chifukwa chopanga ntchito m’derali, ndipo inagula famu ya mahekitala 120. Famuyi, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito madzi a mvula padenga komanso masinthidwe owoneka ngati a Saleb Harper's, imagulitsa masamba ake odziwika bwino okwana $ 2 miliyoni pachaka kumisika yayikulu ku New York ndi ku Philadelphia.

"Timapereka m'malo mwa masamba okwera mtengo kwambiri, osakhala atsopano ku West Coast," akutero Lightfoot. - Masamba owonongeka ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kunyamula m'dziko lonselo. Chifukwa chake uwu ndi mwayi wathu woti tidziwitse mankhwala abwinoko, atsopano. Sitiyenera kuwononga ndalama potumiza maulendo ataliatali. Mfundo zathu zazikulu zili kunja kwa ukadaulo. Zatsopano zathu ndi mtundu wabizinesi womwewo. Ndife okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uliwonse womwe ungatipatse zotsatira. ”

Lightfoot amakhulupirira kuti mafamu otengera zinthu sadzatha kupeza malo m'masitolo akuluakulu chifukwa chosowa malipiro. "Pali ma niches enieni, monga masamba okwera mtengo pamalesitilanti osankhidwa," akutero Lightfoot. Koma sizigwira ntchito pa liwiro lomwe ndikugwira nawo ntchito. Ngakhale kuti makontena oterowo angathe, mwachitsanzo, kuponyedwa m’gulu la asilikali apamadzi ku Afghanistan.”

Komabe, zatsopano zaulimi zimabweretsa kutchuka ndi ndalama. Izi zimaonekera mukayang'ana pa famuyo, yomwe ili mamita 33 pansi pa misewu ya North Capham (dera la London). Pano, m'malo omwe kale anali ankhondo a Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse, wochita bizinesi Stephen Dring ndi othandizana nawo adapeza ndalama zokwana £ 1 miliyoni kuti asinthe malo omwe sanatchulidwe m'tawuni kuti apange ulimi wamakono womwe ndi wokhazikika komanso wopindulitsa, komanso amalima bwino letesi ndi masamba ena.

Kampani yake, ZeroCarbonFood (ZCF, Zero Emission Food), imamera zobiriwira muzitsulo zoyima pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la "mafunde": madzi amatsuka pamasamba omwe akukula ndipo amasonkhanitsidwa (otetezedwa ndi zakudya) kuti agwiritsidwenso ntchito. Zobiriwirazo zimabzalidwa m'dothi lopanga lopangidwa kuchokera ku makapeti okonzedwanso kuchokera ku Olympic Village ku Stratford. Magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito powunikira amachokera ku makina ang'onoang'ono amagetsi amagetsi. Dring anati: “Tili ndi mvula yambiri ku London. "Chifukwa chake timayika ma turbines m'madzi amvula, ndipo amatipatsa mphamvu." Dring ikugwiranso ntchito kuthetsa vuto limodzi lalikulu ndi kukula koyima: kusungirako kutentha. "Tikuwona momwe kutentha kungachotsedwere ndikusandulika magetsi, komanso momwe mpweya wa carbon dioxide ungagwiritsire ntchito - umakhala ngati ma steroid pa zomera."

Kum’maŵa kwa dziko la Japan, kumene kunakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chivomezi ndi tsunami mu 2001, katswiri wina wodziwika bwino wa za zomera anasandutsa fakitale yomwe kale inali yopangidwa ndi makina opangira ma semiconductor a Sony kukhala famu yachiwiri yaikulu padziko lonse ya m’nyumba. Ndi malo a 2300 m2, famuyo imayatsidwa ndi 17500 magetsi otsika mphamvu (opangidwa ndi General Electric), ndipo amapanga 10000 mitu ya masamba patsiku. Kampani yomwe ili kumbuyo kwa famu - Mirai ("Mirai" amatanthauza "tsogolo" mu Japanese) - akugwira ntchito kale ndi akatswiri a GE kuti akhazikitse "fakitale yokulirapo" ku Hong Kong ndi Russia. Shigeharu Shimamura, yemwe ndi amene anayambitsa ntchitoyi, anakonza zoti adzachite m’tsogolo motere: “Pomaliza, ndife okonzeka kuyamba ntchito yolima mafakitale.”

Palibe kuchepa kwa ndalama mu gawo laulimi la sayansi pakali pano, ndipo izi zikhoza kuwoneka mu chiwerengero chowonjezeka cha zatsopano, kuyambira zomwe zinapangidwira ntchito zapakhomo (pali ntchito zambiri zosangalatsa pa Kickstarter, mwachitsanzo, Niwa, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wolima tomato kunyumba pachomera cha hydroponic choyendetsedwa ndi smartphone), padziko lonse lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, chimphona chachikulu chazachuma cha Silicon Valley SVGPartners, adalumikizana ndi Forbes kuti achite nawo msonkhano wapadziko lonse lapansi waukadaulo waulimi chaka chamawa. Koma zoona zake n'zakuti zidzatenga nthawi yaitali - zaka khumi kapena kuposerapo - kuti ulimi wamakono upeze gawo lalikulu lazakudya zapadziko lonse lapansi.

"Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti tilibe ndalama zoyendera, zopanda mpweya komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa," akutero Harper. Mfundo ina yochititsa chidwi yomwe wasayansiyo adanena: tsiku lina tidzatha kupitirira makhalidwe a dera la kukula kwa masamba. Malo odyera amalima masamba malinga ndi kukoma kwawo, kunja komwe, muzotengera zapadera. Mwa kusintha kuwala, acid-base balance, mineral content of the water, kapena kuchepetsa ulimi wothirira, amatha kulamulira kukoma kwa masamba - kunena, kupanga saladi yokoma. Pang'onopang'ono, motere mutha kupanga masamba anu odziwika. Harper anati: “Sipadzakhalanso ‘mphesa zabwino kwambiri zomera uku ndi uku. - "Zidzakhala" mphesa zabwino kwambiri zimabzalidwa pafamu iyi ku Brooklyn. Ndipo chard yabwino kwambiri imachokera ku famuyo ku Brooklyn. Izi ndi zodabwitsa”.

Google ikhazikitsa zomwe Harper apeza komanso kapangidwe kake kakang'ono ka malo odyera ku likulu lawo la Mountain View kuti apatse antchito chakudya chatsopano komanso chathanzi. Anakumananso ndi kampani ya thonje ikufunsa ngati n'zotheka kulima thonje mu wowonjezera kutentha (Harper sakudziwa - mwina n'zotheka). Ntchito ya Harper, OpenAgProject, yakopa chidwi cha akatswiri ophunzira ndi makampani aboma ku China, India, Central America, ndi United Arab Emirates. Ndipo mnzake wina wapafupi ndi kwawo, Michigan State University, watsala pang'ono kusintha nyumba yosungiramo magalimoto yakale ya 4600-square-foot kunja kwa mzinda wa Detroit kukhala fakitale yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yamasamba. "Pali malo abwino kwambiri oti mumvetsetse zodzichitira, ngati si ku Detroit? Harper akufunsa. - Ndipo ena amafunsabe kuti, "Kodi kusintha kwatsopano kwa mafakitale ndi chiyani? Ndi chimene iye ali!

* Aeroponics ndi njira yolima mbewu mumlengalenga popanda kugwiritsa ntchito dothi, momwe michere imaperekedwa kumizu yazomera ngati mawonekedwe a aerosol.

** Aquaponics - apamwamba kwambirinjira yaulimi yomveka yomwe imaphatikiza zamoyo zam'madzi - kulima nyama zam'madzi ndi hydroponics - kubzala mbewu popanda dothi.

*** Hydroponics ndi njira yopanda dothi yobzala mbewu. Chomeracho chili ndi mizu yake osati pansi, koma mumlengalenga wonyowa (madzi, mpweya wabwino; wolimba, koma chinyezi komanso mpweya wambiri komanso wonyezimira) wapakati, wodzaza ndi mchere, chifukwa cha mayankho apadera. Malo oterowo amathandizira kuti mpweya wabwino wa ma rhizomes amera.

Siyani Mumakonda