Lero tipereka ntchito zingapo za ambuye odziwika bwino akale, omwe moyo wawo umadziwikabe pafupifupi aliyense. Mutu wake ndi chakudya. Zoonadi, m'zaka zakale zapitazo, zinthu zomwe sizinali zamasamba zimawonetsedwanso - nsomba, masewera, kapena mbali za nyama zophedwa. Komabe, ziyenera kuvomerezedwa kuti moyo woterewu umakhala wocheperako - mwina chifukwa zinsalu zojambulidwa mumtundu wamoyo zomwe zidapangidwa kuti zizikongoletsa zipinda zogona, ndipo alendo obwera kunyumbayi amadikirira kuti awone china chake chogwirizana komanso chamtendere. makoma. Moyo wokhazikika wokhala ndi maapulo ndi mapichesi ukhoza kugulitsidwa bwino kwambiri kuposa moyo wokhala ndi nsomba. Uku ndikungoganizira kwathu modzichepetsa, koma kumachokera pa mfundo yodziwikiratu kuti kukongola kwa ntchito zopanda chiwawa, zandale komanso "zokoma" zakhala zikukopa anthu kwambiri.
Ojambula, owonetsa zipatso, mtedza, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, sanatsatire malingaliro a zamasamba kapena zipatso - komabe, mtundu wa moyo womwe nthawi zina umakhala nawo gawo lalikulu la ntchito yawo yolenga. Komanso, moyo wokhawo si zinthu zongosonkhanitsa; nthawi zonse pali zophiphiritsa zobisika mmenemo, lingaliro lina lomwe limamveka kwa aliyense wowona mwa njira yakeyake, malinga ndi momwe amaonera dziko lapansi.
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi ntchito ya imodzi mwa mizati ya impressionism Auguste Renoir, amene anasamba mu kuwala kwa ulemerero m’nthaŵi ya moyo wake.
Pierre-Auguste Renoir. Moyo ukadali ndi zipatso zakumwera. 1881
Zolemba za mbuye wa ku France - mosavutikira mofewa komanso zopepuka - zitha kutsatiridwa muzojambula zake zambiri. Tachita chidwi kwambiri ndi ntchito yazamasamba yokhayo, yosonyeza zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zambiri.
Polankhula kamodzi za luso lojambula, Renoir adati: "Ufulu wamtundu wanji? Mukuyesera kulankhula za zomwe zachitika kale kambirimbiri musanakhalepo? Chinthu chachikulu ndikuchotsa chiwembucho, kupewa nkhani, ndipo chifukwa cha izi sankhani chinthu chodziwika bwino komanso choyandikana ndi aliyense, komanso bwino pamene palibe nkhani. M'malingaliro athu, izi zimadziwika bwino kwambiri zamtundu wa akadali moyo.
Paul Cezanne. Wojambula yemwe ali ndi tsogolo lochititsa chidwi, yemwe adalandira kuzindikirika kuchokera kwa anthu komanso gulu la akatswiri pokhapokha atakalamba. Kwa nthawi yayitali, Cezanne sanazindikiridwe ndi anthu ambiri omwe amasilira zojambula, ndipo ogwira nawo ntchito m'sitoloyo ankaona kuti ntchito zake ndi zokayikitsa komanso zosayenera. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ntchito za ojambula amakono - Claude Monet, Renoir, Degas - adagulitsidwa bwino. Monga mwana wa banki, Cezanne atha kukhala ndi tsogolo labwino komanso lotetezeka - pokhapokha atadzipereka kupitiliza bizinesi ya abambo ake. Koma ndi ntchito yake, iye anali wojambula weniweni amene anadzipereka yekha ku kujambula popanda kufufuza, ngakhale panthawi ya chizunzo ndi kusungulumwa kwathunthu. Malo a Cezanne - chigwa pafupi ndi Mount St. Victoria, msewu wopita ku Pontoise ndi ena ambiri - tsopano akukongoletsa nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale zapadziko lonse, kuphatikizapo. Monga malo, moyo wa Cezanne unali wokonda komanso wokhazikika pa kafukufuku wake wopanga. Cezanne akadali moyo ndi muyezo wanyimbo imeneyi ndi gwero la kudzoza kwa ojambula zithunzi ndi aesthetes mpaka lero.
"Mukadali ndi moyo wokhala ndi drapery, jug ndi mbale ya zipatso" Cezanne ndi imodzi mwazojambula zodula kwambiri zomwe zidagulitsidwapo padziko lonse lapansi.
Ngakhale kuti kuphedwa ndikosavuta, moyo wa Cezanne ukadali wotsimikiziridwa ndi masamu, ogwirizana komanso osangalatsa omwe amawaganizira. "Ndidzadabwitsa Paris ndi maapulo anga," Cezanne adanena nthawi ina kwa mnzake.
Paul Cezanne Akadali Moyo Maapulo ndi Biscuit. 1895
Paul Cezanne. Moyo ukadali ndi dengu la zipatso. 1880-1890
Paul Cezanne. Moyo ukadali ndi makangaza ndi mapeyala. 1885-1890
Chilengedwe Vincent van Gogh zosunthika kwambiri. Anagwira ntchito mosamalitsa pa ntchito zake zonse, anaphunzira mitu imene sinakhudzidwepo m’ntchito za akatswiri ena openta a nthaŵi imeneyo. M’makalata opita kwa anzake, iye akufotokoza mwachibwana chithumwa cha minda ya azitona kapena minda ya mphesa, ndipo amasirira ntchito ya munthu wamba wakhama wofesa tirigu. Zithunzi za moyo wakumidzi, malo, zithunzi komanso, ndithudi, akadali madera akuluakulu a ntchito yake. Ndani sakudziwa irises Van Gogh? Ndipo wotchuka akadali ndi moyo ndi mpendadzuwa (ambiri omwe adajambula kuti akondweretse bwenzi lake Paul Gauguin) amatha kuwonedwabe pamapositikhadi, zikwangwani ndi zikwangwani zotchuka zokongoletsa mkati.
Pa nthawi ya moyo wake, ntchito yake sinagulitsidwe; wojambulayo mwiniwakeyo adanena chochitika chochititsa chidwi m'kalata yopita kwa bwenzi lake. Mwiniwake wina wa nyumba yolemera anavomera “kuyesa” chimodzi mwazojambula za wojambulayo pakhoma la chipinda chake chochezera. Van Gogh adakondwera kuti matumba a ndalama adapeza kuti ndizoyenera kukhala ndi zojambula zake mkati. Wojambulayo adapatsa munthu wolemerayo ntchito yake, koma sanaganize ngakhale kulipira mbuyeyo ngakhale khobiri, akukhulupirira kuti anali kumuchitira kale wojambulayo chisomo chachikulu.
Chithunzi cha zipatso kwa Van Gogh sichinatanthauze zochepa kuposa ntchito paminda yozungulira, madambo ndi maluwa amaluwa.
Vincent Van Gogh. Basket ndi malalanje asanu ndi limodzi. 1888
Vincent Van Gogh. Komabe moyo ndi maapulo, mapeyala, mandimu ndi mphesa. 1887
Pansipa tikuwonetsa chithunzi cha Van Gogh chojambulidwa ndi bwenzi lake, wojambula wotchuka. Paul Gauguin, omwe adagwira nawo ntchito limodzi kwakanthawi pazinthu zina zamoyo ndi malo. Chinsalucho chikuwonetsa Van Gogh ndi mpendadzuwa, monga Gauguin adawawonera, atakhala pafupi ndi mnzake kuti ayesetse kulenga.
Paul Gauguin. Chithunzi cha Vincent van Gogh akupenta mpendadzuwa. 1888
Moyo wa Paul Gauguin udakali wochuluka, koma adakondanso mtundu uwu wa kujambula. Nthawi zambiri, Gauguin ankajambula zojambula mumtundu wosakanikirana, kuphatikiza moyo wokhazikika ndi mkati komanso chithunzi.
Paul Gauguin. Moyo ukadali ndi fan. 1889
Gauguin adavomereza kuti amajambula akadali moyo pamene akumva kutopa. Ndizosangalatsa kuti wojambulayo sanapange nyimbo, koma, monga lamulo, adajambula kuchokera pamtima.
Paul Gauguin. Moyo ukadali ndi tiyi ndi zipatso. 1896
Paul Gauguin. Maluwa ndi mbale ya zipatso. 1894
Paul Gauguin. Moyo ndi mapichesi. 1889
Henri Matisse - wojambula wodabwitsa, yemwe adatamandidwa ndi SI Schukin. Moscow philanthropist ndi wokhometsa anakongoletsa nyumba yake ndi zachilendo ndipo kenako zosamveka bwino zojambula ndi Matisse ndipo anapatsa wojambulayo mwayi kuchita modekha zilandiridwenso, osadandaula za chuma chake. Chifukwa cha chithandizo ichi, kutchuka kwenikweni kunadza kwa mbuye wodziwika pang'ono. Matisse adalenga pang'onopang'ono, mosinkhasinkha kwambiri, nthawi zina amapeputsa ntchito zake mpaka kufika pamlingo wa zojambula za mwana. Ankakhulupirira kuti wowonayo, atatopa ndi nkhawa za tsiku ndi tsiku, ayenera kumizidwa m'malo ogwirizana osinkhasinkha, akuyenda mozama kuchokera ku nkhawa ndi nkhawa. Muzochita zake, munthu amatha kuona bwino chikhumbo chofuna kuyandikira ku chiyero cha zomverera, lingaliro la mgwirizano ndi chilengedwe komanso kuphweka koyambirira kwa kukhala.
Henri Matisse. Komabe moyo ndi maluwa chinanazi ndi mandimu
Moyo wa Matisse umatsimikiziranso lingaliro lakuti ntchito ya wojambula, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu kapena njira yomwe amagwira ntchito, ndikudzutsa kukongola mwa munthu, kumupangitsa kuti amve zakuya, pogwiritsa ntchito zosavuta, nthawi zina ngakhale " njira zachibwana".
Henri Matisse. Moyo ukadali ndi malalanje. 1913
Komabe moyo ndi umodzi mwa demokalase yodziwika bwino komanso mtundu wokondeka kwambiri wojambula kwa ambiri. AT
Tikuthokoza chifukwa cha chidwi chanu!