Njala imatanthauzidwa ngati kumva kufunikira kwa chakudya. Komabe, kutengeka kumeneku sikumakula nthawi zonse pa nthawi ya matenda a kusowa kwa zakudya m’thupi. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kudya akhoza kukhala ndi njala kapena asakhale ndi njala atatha kudya. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti pazaka 50 zapitazi, chiwerengero cha zopatsa mphamvu zomwe munthu amadya chawonjezeka ndi 100-400 kcal patsiku. Anthu anayamba kudya zakudya zophikidwa bwino komanso kusuntha pang’ono. Kunenepa kwambiri kwakhala vuto lapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kuwongolera njala ndi nkhani yayikulu muzakudya.
Momwe njala imayambira
Njira za chitukuko cha njala ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe zingawonekere poyamba. Kumva njala ndi kukhuta kumachitika mu hypothalamus. Pali malo otchedwa chakudya. Lili ndi zigawo ziwiri - chimodzi chimawonetsa kufunikira kwa chakudya, china chimakhala ndi kumverera kwa satiety (calorizer). Kunena mwachidule, timamva njala ndi mitu yathu, kumene zizindikiro zimatumizidwa kuchokera m'mimba ndi m'matumbo kudzera m'mitsempha ndi magazi.
Kulowa m'matumbo a m'mimba, chakudya chimayamba kusungunuka ndi kutengeka, kulowetsedwa m'magazi. Ngati tiyerekeza magazi a munthu wanjala ndi wodyetsedwa bwino, ndiye kuti pamapeto pake amakhala odzaza ndi zinthu zam'mimba. The hypothalamus imakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa magazi. Mwachitsanzo, tingakhale ndi njala pamene shuga wathu wa m’magazi atsika kwambiri.
Ofufuza akufufuzabe momwe njala imachitikira. Pokhapokha mu 1999 ndi pamene hormone ya ghrelin inapezeka. Zimapangidwa m'mimba ndipo zimatumiza chizindikiro ku ubongo kuti umve njala. Hormone yachiwiri yofunika kwambiri yomwe imapangitsa kupanga kumverera kwa kufunikira kwa chakudya ndi leptin - imapangidwa mu minofu ya adipose ndikutumiza chizindikiro ku ubongo za kukhuta.
Mitundu ya njala
Njala ili yamitundu ingapo: yakuthupi, yamalingaliro, yokakamizidwa ndi njala.
Physiological njala imabadwira m'mimba. Zimachitika pamene pali kusowa chakudya mu mawonekedwe a pang`onopang`ono kuwonjezeka kusapeza. Kumvako kungathe kufotokozedwa ndi mawu akuti "kugwedeza m'mimba", "kuyamwa m'mimba." Anthu ambiri onenepa kwambiri samadikirira mphindi ino, kukhutiritsa zilakolako za chakudya kale. Njala yamtunduwu imatha kulekerera. Mwachitsanzo, mukakhala ndi njala panjira, simuyesa kukhutiritsa, koma vomerezani nokha kuti mudzadya mukadzafika.
Njala yamaganizo singamve m'mimba, imabadwira m'mutu ndipo ilibe mgwirizano ndi kumverera kwa satiety. Itha kumveka mukatha kudya kapena mukawona kuyesa kwa chakudya. Kutengeka mtima kumalepheretsa kupirira njala yamalingaliro. Amasokonezanso kuzindikira kubwera kwa machulukitsidwe. Ndiko kuti, munthu sangamvetse kuti ali ndi zokwanira. Anthu ena amadya mopambanitsa mpaka kukomoka kapena kukhuta m’mimba. Njala yamaganizo imatha kuchitika pazakudya zina. Ndiye anthu amanena kuti amawakonda. Akatha kudya, munthuyo amachita manyazi, amadziimba mlandu, kapenanso amachita manyazi. Pazakudya, anthu nthawi zambiri amakhutiritsa njala yamalingaliro ndi zakudya zina. Mwachitsanzo, chilakolako champhamvu cha chokoleti chinawonekera, ndipo munthuyo adachipondereza ndi kudya kilogalamu ya tchizi yamafuta ochepa. Izi sizikusintha kwenikweni - njala yamalingaliro idakhutitsidwa ndi chinthu china.
Njala yokakamizidwa imatha kumiza gulu la anthu. Mbiri imadziwa zitsanzo zambiri. Kuphulika kotsiriza kwa njala yaikulu kunalembedwa mu 2011 ku East Africa, kumene anthu 50-100 zikwi anafa ndi njala. Izi zitha kukhala zachuma, ndale, zachipembedzo kapena zachiwawa. Anthu anjala paokha alibe zinthu zokwanira zopezera chakudya chawo.
Kusala kudya ndi kudzifunira. Zitha kukhala mtheradi - munthu samadya konse, kapena wachibale - alibe chakudya chokwanira. Kusala kudya kumatchedwanso chikhalidwe cha thupi chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zakudya. Zimadziwika kuti popanda chakudya munthu akhoza kukhala ndi moyo kwa miyezi iwiri. Ngati mitundu ina ya kusala kudya kwachibale, monga masiku osala kudya kapena kusala kudya kwachipembedzo, imatha kubweretsa phindu lina kwa thupi, ndiye kuti kusala kudya kwanthawi yayitali kumakhudza psyche, kumasintha magwiridwe antchito a ziwalo zamkati, kumachepetsa ntchito ya chitetezo chamthupi ndipo kuyenera kuyimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo. .
Momwe mungathanirane ndi njala
Njala yokakamizika ndi vuto la padziko lonse la anthu, ndipo njala yodzifunira ili m'gulu la mavuto azachipatala. Sitingathe kuwathetsa, koma timatha kulamulira njala yakuthupi ndi yamaganizo.
Kuwongolera njala yakuthupi ndikofunikira pakuchepetsa thupi. Kuti kuchepetsa thupi kukhale kosavuta, muyenera:
- Dziwani kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe mukufuna kudya.
- Perekani mapuloteni okwanira - Zakudya zomwe mapuloteni omwe amadya m'zakudya ndi 1,2-1,6 pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwa thupi ndizosavuta kulekerera kusiyana ndi zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ochepa.
- Idyani zakudya zomanga thupi ndi zopatsa mphamvu pamodzi - zakudya zosakanizika zimatha kukuthandizani kuti mukhale okhuta.
- Pali chakudya cholimba - zakumwa zimatengedwa mwachangu.
- Osachepetsa mafuta - mafuta amachepetsa chimbudzi ndipo amalimbikitsa kukhuta kwanthawi yayitali.
- Musamadye kwambiri shuga - Kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhudzanso chilakolako.
- Kanani zakudya zokhwima - zakudya zochepa zama calorie zimakukakamizani kulimbana ndi njala nthawi zonse ndikusokoneza mahomoni.
Popeza tapereka zikhalidwe zonse zowongolera njala yakuthupi, ndikofunikira kusamalira zamaganizo. Izi zidzathandiza:
- Kupewa zoletsa zovuta - kuphatikiza "zovulaza" pazakudya zochepa. Ndi kuwonda kwachangu, gawo lawo siliyenera kupitirira 10% ya zopatsa mphamvu.
- Lankhulani nokha - funsani ngati mukufunadi kudya, momwe mwakhuta, chifukwa chiyani mumadya, ndi chifukwa chake mumapitiriza kudya mutakhuta kale. Dzifunseni za malingaliro ndi zokhumba zanu. Nthawi zambiri nkhawa kapena chikhumbo cha zinthu zina ndizomwe zimayambitsa njala yamalingaliro. Funsani katswiri wa zamaganizo ngati mukuona kuti simungathe kupirira nokha.
- Pambuyo pa chakudya chilichonse, dziwani nthawi yotsatira - ntchito yanu ndikugwira mpaka nthawi ino, osayika nyenyeswa pakamwa panu. Onetsetsani kuti muyike kalembedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya pasadakhale kuti musamadye kwambiri.
Kumva njala kumabweretsa kusapeza bwino. Ndi zachilendo kumva kusapeza bwino pamene mukuonda komanso kudya ma calorie (calorizator). Pamene kusapezako kumakhala kosapiririka, kuyambiranso kumachitika. Chitani zonse zomwe mungathe kuti muwonjezere chitonthozo chanu, chifukwa zakudya zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kwambiri, zimawononga thanzi komanso zimakhala zosavuta.