WHO: nyama yofiira imayambitsa khansa

Masiku ano padziko lapansi pali anthu opitilira 14 miliyoni omwe ali ndi khansa, omwe opitilira theka amamwalira. Koma awa siwo malire, chifukwa malinga ndi zomwe boma limanena, pafupifupi anthu mamiliyoni 10 amalowa nawo m'malo awo pachaka. Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a iwo, monga lamulo, limaphunzila za matenda owopsa mtsogolo, chifukwa kuthekera kwa kuchiritsa kwathunthu kumachepa kwambiri. Matendawa amakhudza anthu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ochokera kumayiko otukuka. Odwala ambiri azachipatala amakhala ku Denmark. Pachikhalidwe, khansa ya m'mawere ndi khansa ya m'matumbo ndizomwe zimatsogolera. Ndipo ngati zakale, chinthu choyipitsitsa chingalepheretsedwe mwa kuunikiridwa pafupipafupi, pankhani yomalizirayi, kukana nyama. Mulimonsemo, akatswiri a WHO ali otsimikiza za izi.

Za kafukufukuyu

Pa Okutobala 26, 2015 ku Lyon, ogwira ntchito ku World Health Organisation adapereka mawu osangalatsa: nyama yofiira ndi zinthu za nyama zimayambitsa kukula kwa khansa ya m'matumbo, kapamba ndi khansa ya prostate mwa anthu.

Chilengezochi chidatsogoleredwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito. Anatengedwa ndi gulu la asayansi 22. Onsewa ndi akatswiri ochokera kumayiko 10, oyitanidwa pamwambo wa International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs Program.⁽¹⁾

Onse adaphunzira zinthu zomwe zidapezedwa pofufuza zasayansi. Zinalipo zoposa 1000 (700 za nyama yofiira ndi 400 za nyama). Iwo, mwanjira ina, adakhudza ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimadyedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu 12 ya khansa. Kuphatikiza apo, mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi komanso okhala ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana adaganiziridwa.⁽²⁾

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, asayansi anali ndi kukayikira zakupha nyama nthawi yayitali ntchitoyi isanachitike. Kungoti pakuphunzira kwamatenda osiyanasiyana, nthawi ndi nthawi amapeza chidziwitso chosonyeza kuti kupezeka kwa nyama yofiira mu zakudya kumalumikizidwabe ndi chiwopsezo chochepa chokhala ndi mitundu ina ya khansa. Ndipo ngakhale chiwopsezo cha munthu chaching'ono, chimatha kukhala chachikulu mdziko lonse. Kupatula apo, kudya nyama kukukulira kuwonjezeka ngakhale m'maiko okhala ndi moyo wotsika komanso wapakati.

Chotsatira chake, panthawi ina pamsonkhanowo adaganiza zopanga kafukufuku wa carcinogenicity ya nyama ndi nyama, zomwe zinatengedwa ndi gulu logwira ntchito la IARC.⁽³⁾

Za zotsatira

Malinga ndi akatswiri, nyama yofiira ndi nyama yonse, kapena minofu ya minofu, yochokera kuzinyama. Izi zikuphatikiza: nkhumba, ng'ombe, mbuzi, kavalo, mwanawankhosa, mwanawankhosa.

Zakudya za nyama ndizinthu za nyama zomwe zimapezedwa pokonza nyama kuti ziwonjezere moyo wake wa alumali kapena kusintha kukoma kwake. Kukonza koteroko kungakhale salting, kuyanika, mitundu yonse ya kumalongeza. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, zinthu za nyama ndi ham, soseji, soseji, nyama zamzitini, zinthu zina kapena sauces okhala ndi nyama.⁽²⁾

Pofufuza za khansa, akatswiriwa adagwiritsa ntchito tebulo limodzi ndi magulu anayi azowopsa pazaumoyo wa anthu.

Zogulitsa nyama zidalowa Gulu la 1 ya mutu “Zamtundu wa khansa kwa anthu“. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, gululi lili ndi zonse zomwe zimayambitsa khansa, monga zikuwonekera pazotsatira zomwe zikufanana, makamaka matenda opatsirana. Mwa njira, fodya ndi asibesito adagwera mgulu lomwelo, koma akatswiri amayankha funso loti nyama ndi yowopsa ku thanzi monga zinthu zomalizazi. Amangonena kuti chilichonse chomwe chimagwera mgulu loyamba chimathandizira kukulitsa khansa ya m'matumbo ndipo pali chitsimikizo champhamvu cha sayansi cha izi.

Nyama yofiira, nawonso, inalowa gulu 2A «Mwinanso khansa kwa anthu“. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pakufufuza kwamatenda, asayansi apeza kuti pali kulumikizana pakati pakudya nyama yofiira ndikukula kwa maselo a khansa, koma pakadali pano, chifukwa chosowa umboni, sanganene motsimikiza za izi . Mwanjira ina, kafukufukuyu apitiliza.^(4,5)

Limagwirira chitukuko khansa

Atangomaliza kulengeza mawu osangalatsawa, anthu adayamba kukhala ndi mafunso, amodzi mwa omwe amakhudzana ndi makina a khansa.

Ochita kafukufuku akuyesetsabe kudziwa momwe nyama imathandizira kukula kwa maselo a khansa, ngakhale ali ndi malingaliro ena kale. Zowonjezera, nkhaniyi ili munyama yomwe, makamaka, muzinthu zomwe zilimo. Nyama yofiira imachokera ku hemoglobin… Yotsirizira ndi puloteni yapadera ya polima, yopangidwa ndi gawo lamapuloteni komanso gawo lachitsulo (heme). Pakachitika zovuta zamagulu, imaphwanyidwa m'matumbo, ndikupanga mankhwala a nitro. Njira zotere zimawononga matumbo a m'mimba, chifukwa chake njira yobweretsera imayambitsidwa ndimaselo oyandikana nawo.

Kuchokera kumalingaliro asayansi, kubwereza kulikonse ndikutheka kwakukulu kwa cholakwika mu DNA ya cell yomwe ikukula komanso gawo loyamba lopita ku khansa. Ndipo izi ngakhale kuti nyama zogulitsa kale zili ndi zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi maselo a khansa. Kuphika nyama kumawonjezera vutoli. Kutentha kwambiri kuchokera pakuwotcha kapena kuwotcha kungathandizenso kupanga ma carcinogens mu nyama.

Nthawi yomweyo, mitundu ina ikufunanso chitsimikiziro:

• asayansi ena ali ndi zifukwa zonse zokhulupirira kuti chitsulo ndichomwe chimayambitsa matenda owopsa;
• ena amaumirira kunena kuti mabakiteriya omwe amakhala m'matumbo ndiwo amachititsa.

Mulimonsemo, si mtundu wa nyama yokha, koma kuchuluka kwake. ⁽⁵⁾

ziganizo

Pofotokoza zonsezi pamwambapa, akatswiri amayang'ana kwambiri kuti:

• 50 g yokha ya nyamakudya tsiku lililonse kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'matumbo ndi 18%, ndipo izi ndi zowona zasayansi. Ndizovuta kunena chilichonse chokhudza kuchuluka kwa nyama yofiira yomwe idadyedwa, popeza kafukufuku mderali akupitilirabe, koma lingaliro limangoti 100 g yokha yazogulitsazo ndiyokwanira kuwonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa ndi 17%.
• Malinga ndi zomwe projekiti idachita "Matenda akulemera padziko lonse lapansi»Pachaka padziko lapansi anthu pafupifupi 34 amafa ndi oncology, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse nyama. Ponena za nyama yofiira, akatswiri amati imatha kufa ndi khansa ya anthu 50 pachaka. Inde, izi siziri kanthu poyerekeza ndi imfa za 600 zikwi za khansa chifukwa cha kusuta fodya, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, ululu waukulu wa imfa kwa zikwi za mabanja omwe mamembala awo akuphatikizidwa mu chiwerengero ichi.⁽²⁾
• Njira yophika nyama siyikhudzanso khansa yake... Komanso, malinga ndi akatswiri, musasiye kutentha mankhwala mokomera yaiwisi mankhwala. Choyamba, palibe deta yeniyeni ya kusavulaza kwa nyama yaiwisi, ndipo kachiwiri, kusakhalapo kwa chithandizo cha kutentha ndi chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana.
• Kutengera ndi ntchito yomwe idachitidwa, sizingatheke kupeza malingaliro okhudzana ndi zakudya za anthu omwe ali kale ndi khansa ya m'matumbo.
• Palibe chidziwitso chokhudza momwe nkhuku ndi nyama ya nsomba zimakhudzira thupi la munthu… Osati chifukwa alibe vuto lililonse, koma chifukwa sanafufuzidwe.
• Zotsatira zomwe zapezeka sizofalitsa mwachindunji zakusinthira ku. Zakudya zonse, zamasamba komanso kudya nyama, zili ndi zabwino komanso zoyipa zonse. Maphunziro omwe adachitidwa ngati gawo la ntchitoyi asayansi sanathetse mavuto omwe anthu omwe amadya zamasamba amakumana nawo. Komanso, sizingatheke kuyankha molondola funso la chomwe chili chofunikira kwa munthu pofufuza momwe alili. Kungoti kupatula zakudya, omwe amadya nyama ndi omwe amadya zamasamba amathanso kukhala ndi zosiyana zina.⁽²⁾

Zomwe WHO imalimbikitsa

Kwa nthawi yayitali odya nyama sakanatha kugwirizana ndi mawu okweza ngati awa a WHO. Pakadali pano, a Tim Key, pulofesa wofufuza za khansa ku yunivesite ya Oxford, adalongosola kuti lipoti ili silondolerapo zochita. Chilichonse chomwe munthu anganene, koma nyama ndi gwero la zinthu zamtengo wapatali, kuphatikizapo, kotero, palibe amene amafunsa kuti achotseretu moyo wanu usiku wonse. Pakadali pano, IARC imangolimbikitsa kukonzanso zakudya zanu ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nyama ndi nyama zomwe zilimo. (5)

Komanso, oimira bungwe la Union of Meat Producers adanena kuti kukana kwa zinthu zomwe tafotokozazi sikungatheke kuthandiza kupewa khansa, chifukwa zifukwa zenizeni zomwe zimachitika ndi kusuta fodya ndi mowa. Akatswiri a WHO adavomereza, koma kafukufuku wawo anapitirizabe.

Zoposa chaka chimodzi chilengezedwe chachisangalalochi. Chifukwa cha lipotilo, ena asintha miyoyo yawo, kuchotsa nyama mmenemo, ena atenga njira yowongolera, ndipo enanso adazindikira zazatsopanozi. Nthawi idzakuuzani yemwe ali wolondola. Pakadali pano, ndikufuna kukumbukira mawu a Tim Key kuti kudya koyenera mulimonse momwe zingakhalire ndikofunikira. Ndipo izi zimakhudza chilichonse, kuphatikiza nyama.⁽³⁾