Zithunzi za tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ta m'nyanja sizingasangalatse mtima ngati zithunzi za akamba am'nyanja atatsekeredwa mu mphete zapulasitiki, koma mapulasitiki ang'onoang'onowa akuwunjikananso m'madzi athu ndikuwopseza miyoyo ya nyama za m'madzi.
Kodi ma microbead amachoka bwanji kuchokera ku sopo kupita kunyanja? Mwachirengedwe, mukatha kusamba m'mawa uliwonse, mapulasitiki ang'onoang'onowa amatsukidwa ndi kukhetsa. Ndipo akatswiri azachilengedwe angakonde kuti izi zisachitike.
Kodi ma microbead ndi chiyani?
Kachidutswa kakang'ono ndi kapulasitiki kakang'ono pafupifupi milimita imodzi kapena kucheperapo (pafupifupi kukula kwa mutu wa pini).
Ma Microbeads amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotupa kapena zotulutsa chifukwa zolimba zake zimatsuka bwino zomwe sizingawononge khungu lanu, komanso sizisungunuka m'madzi. Pazifukwa izi, ma microbeads akhala chinthu chodziwika bwino pazinthu zambiri zosamalira anthu. Zogulitsa zomwe zili ndi ma microbeads zimaphatikizapo zopaka kumaso, zotsukira mkamwa, zothira ndi zodzola, zochotsera fungo, zopaka dzuwa, ndi zopakapaka.
Makhalidwe omwe amapanga ma microbeads opangira ma exfoliants amawapangitsanso kukhala owopsa kwa chilengedwe. "Zotsatira zake ndi zofanana ndi mabotolo apulasitiki ndi mapulasitiki ena owononga chilengedwe omwe akuphwanyidwa ndikuponyedwa m'nyanja."
Kodi ma microbead amalowa bwanji m'nyanja?
Tizidutswa ting’onoting’ono tapulasitiki timeneti sitisungunuka m’madzi, n’chifukwa chake timatha kuchotsa mafuta ndi dothi pamabowo apakhungu. Ndipo chifukwa ndi ang'onoang'ono (osakwana 1 millimeter), ma microbead samasefedwa m'malo opangira madzi oyipa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amatha kukhala m'madzi ambiri.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wofalitsidwa ndi American Chemical Society mu nyuzipepala ya Environmental Science & Technology, mabanja aku US amatsuka mikanda 808 thililiyoni tsiku lililonse. Pamalo obwezeretsanso, ma microbead okwana 8 thililiyoni amatha kulowa m'madzi. Izi ndizokwanira kuphimba makhothi a tennis 300.
Ngakhale kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timene timatulutsa timadzi tambiri timene timakhala m'madzi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tapulasitiki timakhala ndi njira yomveka bwino yomwe pamapeto pake imakathera m'mitsinje ndi nyanja. Tiliyoni 800 thililiyoni otsalawo amathera m’matope, omwe pambuyo pake amawathira ngati fetereza ku udzu ndi nthaka, kumene ma microbead amatha kulowa m’magwero a madzi kupyolera mu kusefukira kwa madzi.
Kodi ma microbead angayambitse bwanji chilengedwe?
Zikalowa m'madzi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi tambiri tambiri timene timakhala mu chakudya, chifukwa nthawi zambiri timafanana ndi mazira a nsomba, zomwe ndi chakudya cha zamoyo zambiri za m'madzi. Mitundu yopitilira 2013 ya nyama zam'madzi imalakwitsa ma microbeads ngati chakudya, kuphatikiza nsomba, akamba ndi akalulu, malinga ndi kafukufuku 250.
Akalowetsedwa, ma microbeads samalepheretsa nyama kukhala ndi zakudya zofunikira, komanso amatha kulowa m'matumbo awo, zomwe zimayambitsa kupweteka, kuwalepheretsa kudya, ndipo pamapeto pake zimatsogolera ku imfa. Kuonjezera apo, pulasitiki yomwe ili m'mikanda ya microbead imakopa ndi kuyamwa mankhwala akupha, motero amakhala poizoni kwa nyama zakutchire zomwe zimadya.
Kodi dziko likuchita bwanji ndi vuto la microbead?
Njira yabwino yopewera kuipitsidwa kwa ma microbead, malinga ndi kafukufuku wofalitsidwa ndi American Chemical Society, ndikuchotsa ma microbeads muzakudya.
Mu 2015, United States idaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma microbead apulasitiki mu sopo, mankhwala otsukira mano ndi kutsuka thupi. Kuyambira pomwe Purezidenti Barack Obama adasaina kukhala lamulo, makampani akuluakulu monga Unilever, Procter & Gamble, Johnson & Johnson ndi L'Oreal alonjeza kuti athetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma microbeads pazogulitsa zawo, komabe sizikudziwika ngati mitundu yonse yatsatira kudziperekaku. .
Pambuyo pake, aphungu a Nyumba Yamalamulo ya ku Britain anaitanitsa mankhwala okhala ndi ma microbead. Canada idapereka lamulo lofananalo ku US, lomwe limafuna kuti dzikolo liletse malonda onse okhala ndi ma microbead pofika pa Julayi 1, 2018.
Komabe, opanga malamulo sadziwa zinthu zonse zomwe zili ndi ma microbeads, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale choletsa ku US chomwe chimalola opanga kuti apitirize kugulitsa zinthu zina ndi ma microbeads, kuphatikizapo zotsukira, zopangira mchenga, ndi zodzoladzola.
Kodi ndingathandize bwanji kulimbana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa ma microbead?
Yankho ndi losavuta: siyani kugwiritsa ntchito ndikugula zinthu zomwe zili ndi ma microbead.
Mutha kudzifufuza nokha ngati mankhwalawa ali ndi ma microbeads. Yang'anani zosakaniza zotsatirazi pa chizindikiro: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), ndi nayiloni (PA).
Ngati mukufuna zinthu zotulutsa, yang'anani zopangira zachilengedwe monga oats, mchere, yogati, shuga, kapena khofi. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kuyesa njira yodzikongoletsera ku ma microbeads: mchenga wopangira.
Ngati muli ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi ma microbead m'nyumba mwanu, musamangowataya - apo ayi ma microbeads ochokera kumalo otayirako amatha kulowa mumtsinje wamadzi. Njira imodzi yotheka ndiyo kuwatumizanso kwa wopanga.