Catheter ya venous ndi chipangizo chachipatala chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'chipatala. Kaya ndi zotumphukira kapena zapakati, zimalola kuti munthu azitha kulandira chithandizo chamtsempha ndikutengera magazi.

Catheter, kapena KT mu jargon zachipatala, ndi chipangizo chachipatala mu mawonekedwe a chubu woonda, wosinthasintha. Akalowetsedwa munjira ya venous, amalola kuti athandizidwe ndi mtsempha ndi kutengedwa magazi kuti akawunike, motero kupewa kubayidwa pafupipafupi.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya catheter:

The peripheral venous catheter (CVP)

Zimalola kukhazikitsa njira yolumikizira venous (VVP). Imalowetsedwa mumtsempha wowoneka bwino wa mwendo, kaŵirikaŵiri wa cranium ya cranium. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya catheter, gauge yosiyana, kutalika ndi kutuluka, zomwe zimadziwika mosavuta ndi zizindikiro zamtundu kuti mupewe zolakwika. Dokotala (namwino kapena dokotala) amasankha catheter molingana ndi wodwalayo, malo oikamo ndi ntchito (mwadzidzidzi kuti aike magazi, kulowetsedwa kwamakono, ana, ndi zina zotero).

The central venous catheter (CVC)

Amatchedwanso mzere wapakati wa venous kapena mzere wapakati, ndi chipangizo cholemera kwambiri. Amayikidwa mumtsempha waukulu wa thorax kapena khosi ndiyeno amatsogolera ku vena cava yapamwamba. Katheta wapakati wa venous amathanso kuyikidwa kudzera pa peripheral vision (CCIP): kenako amalowetsedwa mumtsempha waukulu kenako ndikudutsa mumtsemphawu kupita kumtunda kwa atrium yakumanja ya mtima. Ma CVC osiyanasiyana alipo: mzere wa picc woyikidwa mumtsempha wakuzama wa mkono, katheta wapakati, catheter yachipinda choyikira (chipangizo chomwe chimalola njira yokhazikika yapakati ya venous yopangira ma ambulatory jekeseni ngati chemotherapy).

Kuyika kwa peripheral venous catheter kumachitika m'chipinda chachipatala kapena m'chipinda chodzidzimutsa, ndi anamwino kapena dokotala. Mankhwala oletsa kukomoka atha kuperekedwa kwanuko, malinga ndi malangizo achipatala, ola limodzi lisanachitike. Pambuyo mankhwala manja ake ndi kuchita khungu antisepsis, dokotala amaika garot, imayambitsa catheter mu mtsempha, pang'onopang'ono amachotsa mandrel (chipangizo chopangidwa singano) pamene patsogolo catheter mu mtsempha, amachotsa garot ndiye zikugwirizana kulowetsedwa mzere. Chovala chosabala chowoneka bwino chowoneka bwino chimayikidwa pamalo oyikapo.

Kuyika kwa catheter yapakati pa venous kumachitika pansi pa anesthesia, m'chipinda cha opaleshoni. Kuyika kwa catheter yapakati ya venous ndi njira yozungulira kumachitikanso m'chipinda chopangira opaleshoni, koma pansi pa anesthesia wamba.

Njira yofunika kwambiri m'malo achipatala, kuyika kwa catheter kumalola:

• perekani mankhwala kudzera m'mitsempha;
• kupereka mankhwala a chemotherapy;
• perekani madzi amtsempha ndi / kapena zakudya zopatsa thanzi (zakudya);
• kutenga magazi.

Chifukwa chake, catheter imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri: m'chipinda chadzidzidzi kuti muikidwe magazi, ngati mutatenga kachilombo ka mankhwala opha maantibayotiki, pakagwa madzi m'thupi, pochiza khansa ndi chemotherapy, pobereka (kwa makonzedwe. oxytocin), etc.

Choopsa chachikulu ndi chiwopsezo cha matenda, ndichifukwa chake mikhalidwe yolimba ya aspestial iyenera kuwonedwa mukayika catheter. Akalowetsedwa, catheter imayang'aniridwa mosamala kuti azindikire zizindikiro zilizonse za matenda mwamsanga.