Nsomba za nkhanu - momwe ungagwire nkhanu pa nkhanu, nyambo, komwe ungagwire

Cancer (Astacus astacus), kapena wamba nkhanu, ndi m'gulu la nkhanu za decapod (Dekapoda). Miyendo yakutsogolo imakhala yotukuka kwambiri ndipo imatha ndi zikhadabo, zomwe nkhanu zimagwira nyama ndikudziteteza. Mapeyala anayi otsatira a miyendo yosakula bwino ndi yoyendayenda. Pansi pa chigoba cha mchira pali mapeyala ena asanu aafupi, miyendo ya atrophied. Anterior awiri amapangidwa mwa amuna kukhala ziwalo zazitali za tubular. Kwa akazi, miyendo yofananira pafupifupi kwathunthu atrophied. Kugonana kwa nkhanu zazing'ono kumatha kukhazikitsidwa kokha ndi kupezeka kapena kusapezeka kwa ziwalo zoberekera za tubular. Kugonana kwa nkhanu wamkulu ndikosavuta kudziwa poyerekezera zikhadabo ndi michira yawo: zikhadabo zamphongo ndi zazikulu, ndipo mchira waakazi ndi wokulirapo kuposa wa munthu yemwe si mwamuna kapena mkazi. Mchira wotakata wa yaikazi umateteza mazira pamene akukula pansi pa mchira, womangiriridwa ku miyendo yaifupi. Kutsegula kwa maliseche mwa akazi kumakhala pamunsi mwa ziwalo zachitatu, ndipo mwa amuna - pamunsi mwa zisanu ndi ziwiri.

Malo okhala ndi moyo

Makhansa ndi odabwitsa kwambiri pokhudzana ndi chilengedwe kuposa momwe anthu ambiri amaganizira. Madzi amene amakhalamo ayenera kukhala abwino; nkhanu sizingathe kuswana m'madzi amchere amchere kapena amchere amchere. Zomwe zili mu oxygen m'madzi amafunikira mofanana ndi nsomba za salimoni. Kwa moyo wabwinobwino wa nkhanu m'nyengo yofunda, madziwo ayenera kukhala ndi mpweya wopitilira 5 mg / l. Nsomba za Crayfish zimatha kukhala m'madzi opepuka komanso amdima, bola ngati zilibe acidity yambiri. Mtengo wa pH wa madzi oyenera moyo wa nkhanu uyenera kukhala pamwamba pa 6,5. Kukula kwa nsomba za crayfish m'madzi opanda laimu kumachepa. Nsomba za nkhanu zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuipitsidwa kwa madzi. Ngati moyo uli wabwino, nsomba za crayfish zimatha kukhala m'madzi osiyanasiyana - nyanja, mitsinje, nyanja za oxbow ndi mitsinje. Komabe, zikuoneka kuti malo omwe amakonda kwambiri nkhanu akadali mitsinje.

M'malo okhala nkhanu, pansi pa nkhokweyo kuyenera kukhala kolimba komanso kopanda silt. Pansi pamatope, komanso m'mphepete mwamiyala kapena mchenga, komanso m'madzi osaya okhala ndi malo osalala, oyera, nsomba za crayfish sizipezeka, chifukwa sizingapeze pogona kapena kuzikumba. Nsomba za nkhanu zimakonda pansi pamiyala momwe zimatha kupeza pogona mosavuta, kapena zapansi zomwe zimayenera kukumba. Nsomba za crayfish zimapezeka m'maenje a m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pamalire a zolimba ndi zofewa pansi. Kutuluka mu dzenje, kanjira kamene kamakhala kotalika kuposa mita, kaŵirikaŵiri kumabisika pansi pa tsinde la mtengo wakugwa, mizu ya mitengo kapena pansi pa miyala. Bowo la crayfish lili pafupi kwambiri, limakumbidwa molingana ndi kukula kwa wokhalamo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nsombazi zisamavutike kukonza chitetezo ku kuwukira kwa abale akulu. Khansa n'zovuta kukoka mu dzenje, iye tenaciously amamatira makoma ake ndi miyendo. Kuti dzenje limakhalamo zimawonetsedwa ndi dothi latsopano pakhomo. Khansara imakhala pakuya kwa 0,5 mpaka 3,0 m. Malo abwino kwambiri okhalamo amatengedwa ndi amuna akuluakulu, ocheperako amatsalira kwa amuna ndi akazi ofooka. Ana amakhala m'madzi osaya pafupi ndi gombe lokha, pansi pa miyala, masamba ndi nthambi.

Khansara mu njira yake ya moyo ndi hermit. Aliyense ali ndi malo obisalirako omwe amatetezedwa kwa achibale. Masana, nkhonozi zimakhala m'khola, ndikutseka pakhomo ndi zikhadabo. Poona kuti pali ngozi, amabwerera m'mbuyo mofulumira, n'kulowa m'dzenjemo. Nsombazi zimapita kukafunafuna chakudya madzulo, ndipo nyengo ya mitambo - masana. Nthawi zambiri imayenda m’madzi usiku n’kutambasula zikhadabo zake kutsogolo ndipo mchira wake utawongoka, koma ikachita mantha imasambira mobwerera m’mbuyo ndi kukwapula kwamphamvu kwa mchira. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti khansa imakhala pamalo amodzi. Komabe, patatha milungu ingapo, nsomba zotchedwa crayfish zimagwera m'magiya mazana a mita kuchokera pomwe zidayikidwako.

Growth

Kukula kwa nkhanu kumadalira makamaka kutentha ndi kapangidwe ka madzi, kupezeka kwa chakudya ndi kachulukidwe ka nkhanu m'nkhokwe. Kukula kwa nsomba za crayfish m'masungidwe osiyanasiyana ndi kosiyana. Koma ngakhale mu dziwe limodzi chaka ndi chaka Sikuti, zambiri zimadalira kutentha kwa madzi. M'chilimwe choyamba ndi chachiwiri cha moyo, amuna ndi akazi ali ndi kukula kofanana, koma kumapeto kwa chilimwe chachitatu, kapena chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, amuna amakhala aakulu kale kuposa akazi. M'madera akumwera kwa Finland, nsomba za crayfish zimafika kutalika kwa 1,4-2,2 cm kumapeto kwa chilimwe choyamba, 2,5-4,0 cm kumapeto kwa chilimwe chachiwiri, ndi 4,5-6,0; 10 cm kumapeto kwa chilimwe chachitatu. kukula komwe kumaloledwa kugwira (masentimita 6) kumafikira amuna azaka 7-1, akazi ali ndi zaka 8-XNUMX. M'madzi okhala ndi chakudya chokwanira cha nkhanu komanso m'mikhalidwe ina yabwino, nsomba za crayfish zimatha kufikira kukula komwe kumaloledwa kusodza zaka ziwiri m'mbuyomu kuposa nthawi yomwe yasonyezedwa, koma m'mikhalidwe yosavomerezeka - zaka zingapo pambuyo pake.

Nthawi zambiri anthu amafunsa momwe nsomba zazikuluzikulu zimakulira. Mlangizi wa zausodzi Brofeldt mu 1911 adanena kuti m'tawuni ya Kangasala munali zitsanzo za 16-17 cm, ngakhale kuti nsomba za crayfish zinkagwidwa mochepa. Suomalainen adanenanso kuti nkhanu zazitali za 1908-12,5 cm zomwe zidagwidwa mu 13 zinali zapakatikati. Maumboni awa amawoneka ngati nthano kwa ife - nkhanu siziyenera kukhala zazikulu kwambiri. Mu 1951, magazini ya Seura inali yokonzekera mpikisano - yemwe adzagwire nsomba zazikulu kwambiri m'nyengo yachilimwe. Wopambana anali mpikisano yemwe adagwira nkhanu kutalika kwa 17,5 cm, mpaka nsonga ya chikhadabo - 28,3 cm, yolemera 165 g. Nsombayi inali ndi chikhadabo chimodzi chokha, chomwe chimasonyeza kuti chinali chochepa kwambiri. Zitha kuonedwa kuti ndizodabwitsa kuti mkaziyo adakhala khansa yayikulu. M’malo achiwiri panali mwamuna, yemwe kutalika kwake kunali 16,5 cm, ndi nsonga za zikhadabo - 29,9 cm. Chitsanzochi chinkalemera 225 g. Zitsanzo zina za nsomba za crayfish zotalika 17,0-17,5 cm zimadziwika kuchokera m'mabuku. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti, malinga ndi wasayansi wa ku Estonia, Järvekulgin, nkhanu zazimuna zotalika masentimita 16 ndi kulemera kwa 150 g, ndi nkhanu zazikazi zomwe zimatalika masentimita 12 ndi kulemera kwa 80-85 g, ndizosowa kwambiri. Mwachiwonekere, mkazi wogwidwa ku Finland mu 1951 akhoza kuonedwa ngati chimphona.

Nanga bwanji zaka za nkhanu? Kodi nkhanu zimakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji? Pakadali pano, palibe njira yolondola yodziwira zaka za nkhanu, zofanana ndi momwe zaka za nsomba zimadziwikira. Utali wa moyo wa anthu a nkhanu umakakamizika kutsimikiziridwa poyerekezera magulu azaka kapena magulu a nkhanu zautali wofanana. Chifukwa cha izi, n'zosatheka kudziwa molondola zaka za zitsanzo zazikulu. Pali zambiri m'mabuku okhudza khansa yomwe ikufika zaka 20.

Molting

Nsomba za nkhanu zimakula, titero, kudumpha ndi malire - posintha chipolopolocho. Molting ndi nthawi yofunikira m'moyo wa nkhanu, panthawi ino pali kukonzanso kwathunthu kwa ziwalo zawo. Kuphatikiza pa chivundikiro cha chitinous, zonse zomwe zili pamwamba pa retina ndi gill, komanso chitetezo chapamwamba cha zowonjezera zapakamwa ndi ziwalo za m'mimba, zimasinthidwa. Nsombayi isanasungunuke, imabisala m’dzenje lake kwa masiku angapo. Koma nkhunguyo imachitika poyera, osati padzenje. Kusintha chipolopolo kumatenga pafupifupi mphindi 5-10. Ndiye chitetezo chitetezo khansa ndi clogged kwa sabata kapena ziwiri, pa kuumitsa chipolopolo, mu pogona. Panthawi imeneyi, sadya, sasuntha, ndipo, ndithudi, sagwera mu gear.

Mchere wa kashiamu umachokera m'magazi kulowa mu chipolopolo chatsopano ndikuchiyika. Asanasungunuke, amaunjikana m'magulu awiri olimba opezeka mu nkhanu m'mimba. Nthawi zina akamadya khansa, amatha kudziwika.

Moulting kumachitika kokha nyengo yofunda. M'chilimwe choyamba cha moyo, khansa imasweka nthawi 4-7, malingana ndi kukula kwake, m'chilimwe chachiwiri - 3-4, m'chilimwe chachitatu - katatu ndi chilimwe chachinayi - kawiri. Amuna akuluakulu molt 3-2 pa nyengo, ndi akazi amene anafika msinkhu, monga ulamuliro, kamodzi. Kufupi ndi kumpoto malire a kufalitsa nkhanu, akazi ena molt chaka chachiwiri chilichonse.

Kusungunuka kwa amuna, komanso akazi omwe alibe mazira pansi pa michira yawo, amapezeka kumapeto kwa June; zazikazi zonyamula mazira - pokhapokha pamene mphutsi zimatuluka m'mazira ndikusiyana ndi amayi. Kum'mwera kwa Finland, akazi oterowo nthawi zambiri amasintha chipolopolo chawo kumayambiriro kwa July, ndipo kumpoto kwa Finland, molt yawo imadutsa mu August.

Ngati chiyambi cha chilimwe ndi chozizira, molt akhoza kuchedwa milungu ingapo. Zikatero, nthawi ya usodzi ikayamba (kuyambira pa Julayi 21), chipolopolocho sichingakhale cholimba, ndipo nsomba za crayfish sizidzalowa mu gear.

Kubalana

Nkhono zamphongo zimafika pa msinkhu wa kugonana pafupifupi 6-7 cm, akazi - 8 cm. Nthawi zina pali akazi 7 cm yaitali, kunyamula mazira pansi pa michira yawo. Amuna ku Finland amafika pa msinkhu wa kugonana pa zaka 3-4 (zogwirizana ndi nyengo za zaka 4-5), ndipo akazi ali ndi zaka 4-6 (zogwirizana ndi nyengo za 5-7).

Kukula kwa nkhanu kungadziwike mwa kukweza chipolopolo chake pang'onopang'ono. Mwa mwamuna yemwe watha msinkhu, ma curls a ma tubules oyera amawonekera mchira pansi pa "khungu" lochepa thupi. Mtundu woyera wa ma tubules, omwe nthawi zina amalakwitsa ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi chifukwa cha madzi omwe ali mkati mwake. Pansi pa chigoba chachikazi, mazira amawonekera, omwe amasiyana kuchokera ku lalanje mpaka bulauni-wofiira, malingana ndi kukula kwake. Kutha msinkhu kwa mkazi kungadziwikenso ndi mikwingwirima yoyera yomwe imadutsa m'munsi mwa mchira. Izi ndi zotupa za mucous zomwe zimatulutsa chinthu chomwe mazirawo amamangiriridwa ku miyendo ya mchira.

Kukwera kwa nkhanu kumachitika m'dzinja, mu September-October. Nsomba za nkhanu sizimasonkhanitsa, monga nsomba, chifukwa cha malo oberekera, umuna wawo umachitika m'malo omwe amakhala. Yaimuna imatembenuzira yaikazi pamsana pake ndi zikhadabo zazikulu ndikumangirira ma spermatophore pa pobowo la maliseche a mkaziyo ngati banga loyera la katatu. Patapita masiku angapo, kapena ngakhale milungu, yaikazi, itagona chagada, imaikira mazira. M'mikhalidwe ya ku Finnish, mkazi nthawi zambiri amayika mazira 50 mpaka 1, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka 50. Mazirawa samasiyana ndi akazi, koma amakhalabe mu gelatinous mass yotulutsidwa ndi glands zake.

Pansi pa mchira wa yaikazi, mazira amakula mpaka kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe chotsatira. M'nyengo yozizira, chiwerengero cha mazira chimachepetsedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa makina ndi matenda a fungal. Kum'mwera kwa Finland, mphutsi zimaswa mu theka loyamba la July, kumpoto kwa dziko - mu theka lachiwiri la July, malingana ndi kutentha kwa madzi kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Mphutsizi zimakhala kale ndi utali wa 9-11 mm pamene zimatuluka m'mazira ndipo zimafanana kwambiri ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Koma msana wawo ndi wowoneka bwino komanso wotakata, ndipo mchira ndi miyendo ndi zocheperako kuposa nsomba zazing'ono za crayfish. Mphutsi zimakhala pansi pa mchira wa mayi kwa masiku khumi mpaka zitayamwa yolk yofiira yowoneka bwino mpaka kumapeto. Pambuyo pake, amasiyana ndi amayi awo ndikuyamba moyo wodziimira.

Food

Cancer - ndi omnivore. Imadya zomera, zamoyo za benthic, zimadya ngakhale achibale, makamaka omwe amasungunuka kapena angokhetsa kumene ndipo alibe chitetezo. Koma chakudya chachikulu chikadali masamba, kapena, m'zaka zoyambirira za moyo, nkhanu zimadya kwambiri zamoyo zapansi ndipo pang'onopang'ono zimasintha kubzala chakudya. Chakudya chachikulu ndi mphutsi za tizilombo, makamaka udzudzu wonjenjemera, ndi nkhono. Ana azaka zoyambirira amadya mofunitsitsa plankton, utitiri wamadzi, ndi zina zotero.

Khansara siipha kapena kuimitsa nyama yake, koma, kuigwira ndi zikhadabo, imaluma, kuluma chidutswa ndi chidutswa ndi mbali zakuthwa za pakamwa. Khansara yaing'ono imatha kudya mphutsi ya udzudzu utali wa masentimita angapo kwa mphindi ziwiri.

Pali lingaliro lakuti khansa, kudya caviar ndi nsomba, kumawononga nsomba. Koma chidziŵitso chimenechi chazikidwa kwambiri pamalingaliro osati zenizeni. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana lino, TX Yarvi adanena kuti m'malo omwe nsomba za crayfish zinayambitsidwa, chiwerengero cha nsomba sichinachepe, ndipo m'madziwe omwe mliriwu unawononga nkhanu, chiwerengero cha nsomba sichinachuluke. Palibe nsomba iliyonse ya 1300 yomwe inagwidwa ndi kafukufuku kuchokera ku mitsinje iwiri yomwe inadya nsomba, ngakhale kuti panali zambiri komanso zosiyana kwambiri. Si khansa imeneyo koma imatha kugwira nsomba. Mayendedwe ake pang'onopang'ono ndi onyenga, amatha msanga ndi molondola gwira nyama ndi zikhadabo. Chigawo chochepa cha nsomba pazakudya za nkhanu mwachiwonekere ndi chifukwa chakuti nsomba sizimasambira pafupi ndi malo a crayfish. Nsomba zosagwira ntchito, zodwala kapena zovulala, khansa, ndithudi, imatha kudya mochuluka ndikuyeretsa bwino pansi pa dziwe kuchokera ku nsomba zakufa.

Adani a nkhanu

Khansara ili ndi adani ambiri pakati pa nsomba ndi nyama zoyamwitsa, ngakhale imatetezedwa bwino ndi chipolopolo. Eel, burbot, perch ndi pike amadya nkhanu mofunitsitsa, makamaka pa molt yawo. Eel, yomwe imatha kulowa mu dzenje la crayfish, ndiye mdani wowopsa wa anthu akuluakulu. Kwa nkhanu zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nyama yowopsa kwambiri ndi nsomba. Mphutsi ndi ana a nkhanu amadyedwanso ndi roach, bream ndi nsomba zina zomwe zimadya zamoyo zapansi.

Mwa nyama zoyamwitsa, adani otchuka kwambiri a nkhanu ndi muskrat ndi mink. M'malo odyetserako nyamazi, pafupi ndi magombe a nkhokwe, mutha kupeza zinyalala zambiri zazakudya zawo - zipolopolo za crustacean. Ndipo komabe, koposa zonse, si nsomba ndi nyama zoyamwitsa zomwe zimawononga nkhanu, koma mliri wa crayfish.

kugwira nkhanu

Amadziwika kuti nkhanu anagwidwa kale kale. Mpaka zaka za m'ma Middle Ages, ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Phulusa la nkhanu zowotchedwa linalangizidwa kuti liwaza mabala olumidwa ndi galu wachiwewe, njoka ndi chinkhanira. Palinso nsomba zazinkhanira yophika anali analamula kuti azitsamba, mwachitsanzo, ndi kutopa.

Kuchokera m'mabuku akale zimadziwika kuti ku bwalo lachifumu ku Sweden kale m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. adapereka chidziwitso choyenera cha kukoma kwa nsomba za crayfish. Mwachibadwa, olemekezeka ku Finland anayamba kutsanzira olemekezeka achifumu. Alimiwo anagwira nsomba za nkhanu ndi kukapereka kwa anthu olemekezeka, koma iwo eniwo anachitira “chilombo chankhondo”cho mopanda chidaliro chachikulu.

Nyengo ya nsomba za crayfish ku Finland imayamba pa July 21 ndipo imapitirira mpaka kumapeto kwa October. Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la Seputembala, nsomba zimachepetsedwa. Pochita, kugwira nsomba za crayfish kumayimitsidwa masabata angapo chiletso chisanachitike, chifukwa kumapeto kwa autumn nyama ya nkhanu imataya kukoma kwake, ndipo chipolopolocho chimakhala cholimba komanso cholimba.

Nsomba za nkhanu kumayambiriro kwa nyengo zimadalira kutentha kwa madzi. Ngati May ndi June ali ofunda ndipo kutentha kwa madzi kuli kwakukulu, ndiye kuti kusungunula kwa amuna ndi akazi kumatha nthawi ya nsomba isanayambe. Pankhaniyi, nsombazi ndi zabwino kuyambira pachiyambi. M'nyengo yozizira, kusungunuka kumatha kuchedwa, ndipo nsomba za crayfish zimayamba kusuntha pambuyo poumitsa chipolopolo kumapeto kwa Julayi. Monga lamulo, kum'mwera kwa Finland kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, nsomba za crayfish nthawi zonse zimagwidwa bwino kuposa kumpoto, kumene kusungunuka kwa crayfish kumachitika pambuyo pake.

Njira zophera nsomba ndi zida

Pokhudzana ndi kukula kwa usodzi ndi ukonde, njira zina zogwirira nkhanu zimakhalabe kumbuyo kapena kuyiwalika kotheratu. Komabe, nsomba za crayfish zimatha kugwidwa m'njira zambiri, zomwe sizophweka, koma ndizosangalatsa kwa amateurs.

Kugwira ndi manja

Kugwira nsomba za crayfish ndi manja anu ndizovuta kwambiri komanso, mwachiwonekere, njira yakale kwambiri. Wogwirayo amayenda mosamala m'madzi ndikuyang'ana pansi pa miyala, mitengo ikuluikulu, amakweza nthambi zomwe nsomba za crayfish zimabisala masana. Ataona khansayo, amayesa kuigwira mofulumira mpaka atabisala kumalo obisala kapena kuthawa. Mwachibadwa, njira yopha nsombayi si yoyenera kwa iwo omwe amawopa zikhadabo. Nsomba zazikulu kwambiri zimachitika mumdima, pamene nsomba za crayfish zomwe zachoka m'malo awo zimatha kugwidwa mwa kuunikira pansi pa dziwe ndi nyali. Kale, moto unkayatsidwa m’mphepete mwa nyanja kuti ukope nsomba za nkhanu. Mwa njira yosavuta yotere, pafupi ndi gombe pamiyala, pomwe pali nsomba zambiri za crayfish, mutha kugwira mazana aiwo.

Mutha kugwira nkhanu ndi manja anu pokhapokha ngati kuya kwamadzi sikuposa 1,5 m. Kuti mugwire nsomba za crayfish m'madzi akuya, komanso m'madamu okhala ndi madzi oyera pakuya kwamamita angapo, zomwe zimatchedwa nkhanu nthata zinagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Finland. Nsomba zamatabwa zimenezi zimagwira mosavuta n’kutulutsa nkhanu m’madzi. Nkhupakupa zimatha kukhala kutalika kwa mita imodzi mpaka zingapo. Pofuna kupewa nsabwe kuti zisawononge khansa, zikhoza kukhala zopanda kanthu.

Chipangizo chosavuta ndi ndodo yayitali, pamapeto pake kugawanika kumapangidwa, ndipo kumakulitsidwa ndi mwala wawung'ono kapena ndodo yamatabwa. Sizingatheke kukoka nkhono m'madzi ndi ndodo yotereyi, imangopanikizidwa pansi ndikukwezedwa ndi dzanja. Kugwira nkhupakupa kumafuna luso lalikulu, chifukwa nsomba za nkhanu zikangoona kuti pali ngozi, zimathawa mofulumira kwambiri. Chifukwa cha ulesi wawo, anthu a ku Finland sankagwiritsa ntchito nkhupakupa ngati chida chopha nsomba, ndipo sankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kusatchuka kwa njira iyi ya usodzi,. mwachiwonekere, zimagwirizananso ndi mfundo yakuti m'madzi amdima a m'madzi a ku Finnish n'zovuta kuzindikira khansara, ndipo ngati dziwe liri lakuya pang'ono kusiyana ndi lozama kwambiri, ndiye kuti sizingatheke kuliwona.

Usodzi wapansi pamadzi ulinso wa njira iyi yokolola nkhanu. Pamafunika magalasi apadera ndi chubu chopumira. Nsomba za nkhanu kuchokera kumabowo zimatha kuzulidwa ndi manja ovala magolovesi kapena kutoleredwa kuchokera pansi usiku. Mukadumphira usiku, muyenera kukhala ndi tochi, kapena mnzanu ayenera kuunikira pansi kuchokera kumtunda kapena bwato. Ngakhale kuti osambira amatha kugwira pafupi ndi gombe, ngozi zosiyanasiyana zimamudikirira. Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mnzanuyo akhale pa ntchito pamphepete mwa nyanja ndikuwona momwe nsomba zikuyendera.

Chitsanzo cha kugwira manja pansi pamadzi - Video

Kupha nsomba za crayfish

Poganizira njira zophera nsomba, nyambo sizigwiritsidwa ntchito konse. Nsomba mukamasodza popanda nyambo nthawi zonse zimatengera mwayi, ndipo palibe chitsimikizo kuti mudzagwira nkhanu. Pogwiritsa ntchito nyambo, kusodza kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri. Nyamboyo imamangirira nkhanu ku giya ndi kuisunga pamalo ogwirirapo.

Nsomba za nkhanu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa mozungulira nyambo zitha kutengedwa ndi manja anu kapena ndi ukonde. Koma njira “yowongoka” yophera nsomba ndiyo kuwedza, momwe nsombazi zimamatira pa nyambo yomangidwa kumapeto kwa chingwe chophera nsomba kapena pamunsi pa ndodo, n’kugwira nyamboyo mpaka itatengedwa ndi ukonde. kutulutsa m'madzi. Usodzi wa nkhanu umasiyana ndi usodzi chifukwa sugwiritsa ntchito mbedza ndipo nkhanu zimatha kumasula nthawi iliyonse.

Chingwe chophera nsomba chimamangiriridwa ku ndodo kutalika kwa 1-2 m, ndipo nyambo imamangiriridwa ku nsomba. Mbali yosongoka ya ndodo imakakamira pansi pa nyanja kapena mtsinje pafupi ndi gombe kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Nyamboyo imayikidwa pamalo oyenera kumezanitsa khansa.

Wosodza amatha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi ndodo zingapo, ngakhale zingapo. Chiwerengero chawo chimadalira makamaka kachulukidwe ka nsomba za crayfish m'malo osungiramo, ntchito za zhora zawo komanso kupezeka kwa nozzles. Malinga ndi wofufuza waku Sweden S. Abrahamsson, chophatikizikachi chimakopa nkhanu m'madzi osasunthika kuchokera kudera la pafupifupi 13 sq.m. Chifukwa chake, sizomveka kuyika zida pafupipafupi kuposa mtunda wa 5 m kuchokera wina ndi mnzake komanso osayandikira 2,5 m kuchokera kugombe. Nthawi zambiri, ndodo zimakakamira patali mtunda wa 5-10 m kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, m'malo owoneka bwino nthawi zambiri, m'malo osagwira - nthawi zambiri.

Madzulo ndi usiku, malingana ndi zhor, ndodo zophera nsomba zimafufuzidwa kangapo, nthawi zina ngakhale 3-4 pa ola. Malo ophera nsomba sayenera kupitirira 100-200 mamita m'litali, kuti muyang'ane ndodo za nsomba mu nthawi, mpaka nsomba za crayfish zikhale ndi nthawi yodyera nyambo. Ngati madzulo nsomba imachepa, muyenera kusamukira kumalo atsopano. Poyang’ana ndodo zophera nsombazo, ndodoyo imakokedwa bwino pansi ndipo ndodoyo imakwezedwa pang’onopang’ono komanso bwinobwino moti nkhanu yomwe imamatirira pa nyamboyo simamasula, koma imakwera nayo pafupi ndi pamwamba pa madzi. nyama imatengedwa mosamala kuchokera pansi ndikutsitsa ukonde m'madzi. Usodzi ukhoza kukhala wopindulitsa kwambiri. Nthawi zina nkhanu 10-12 zimatha kuzulidwa nthawi imodzi. Kumapeto kwa ndodo, komwe kumangiriridwa chingwe, kumasonyeza kuti nkhanu yaukira nyambo,

Zakidushka ndi zherlitsa ndi mtundu womwewo wa kumenyana ndi ndodo ya nsomba. Nthawi zambiri amamanga nyambo pa chingwe chautali wa mita 1,5, ndi choyandama mbali ina. Sink imamangiriridwa panja pafupi ndi nyambo.

Chomwe chimatchedwa nkhono chimasiyana ndi ndodo yophera nsomba chifukwa kachidutswa kakang'ono kamene kamamangirira pandodo kapena chingwe chophera nsomba sichigwiritsidwa ntchito konse. Pankhaniyi, nyamboyo imamangiriridwa mwachindunji kumapeto kwa ndodo. Ndodoyo imakakamira pansi pamalo opha nsomba m’njira yoti nyamboyo igone pansi momasuka.

Njira yogwirira ndi mbedza, zherlitse ndi ndodo ya crayfish ndi yofanana ndi kugwira ndi ndodo. Amasodza nkhanu ndi zida zonsezi mofanana ndi nsomba. Msodziyo amasunga ndodo m’manja mwake nthawi zonse ndipo, poona kuti nkhanuyo yagwira nyamboyo, amaikoka mosamala pamodzi ndi nyamboyo pamwamba pa madzi, pafupi ndi gombe, ndipo ndi dzanja lake lina amaika ukondewo pansi. nkhanu. Mwa njira iyi akugwira, mwachitsanzo, ku France - pali mphete imamangiriridwa kumapeto kwa chingwe cha nsomba kuti ilowetse nyamboyo.

Racevni

Rachevni tsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Rachevnya ndi cylindrical mauna atatambasulidwa pamwamba zitsulo kuzungulira hoop. Masiku ano ma hoops amapangidwa kuchokera ku waya wa malata. Poyamba, iwo anapangidwa kuchokera msondodzi kapena mbalame chitumbuwa nthambi, ndi mwala, chidutswa cha chitsulo kapena thumba la mchenga womangidwa pakati pa gululi kukoka. Kutalika kwa chitsamba nthawi zambiri kumakhala 50 cm. Zingwe zitatu kapena zinayi zopyapyala zautali womwewo zimamangiriridwa ku hoop pamtunda wofanana kuti zisasunthike kutumphuka, ndikuzilumikiza ndi mfundo wamba, mu chipika chomwe chingwe champhamvu chimamangidwira kutsitsa ndikukweza zida. . Chingwecho chikagwidwa m’mphepete mwa nyanja, chimangiriridwa pamtengo. Nyamboyo imamangiriridwa ku ukonde, ku chingwe chomwe chimatambasulidwa m'mimba mwake mwa hoop kapena ndodo yopyapyala, yomwe imamangirizidwanso ndi hoop, ndipo msampha umatsitsidwa pansi. Chingwe chotulutsira ng'ombeyo chimamangiriridwa ku buoy kapena mtengo wokhazikika pamphepete mwa nyanja. Usodzi wa nkhanu umatengera mfundo yakuti nkhanu, imene imakakamira nyamboyo, siingathe kutuluka mumsampha ikaitulutsa m’madzi. Rachevny sayenera kuzengereza kukweza. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, n'zotheka kupha nsomba ndi macovni angapo, oyikidwa kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake pamtunda wa 5-10 m.

Momwe ndi komwe mungagwire nkhanu

Kuti mugwire nkhanu zinali zabwino, muyenera kudziwa momwe ndi komwe mungawagwire. Kuyenda kwa nkhanu kumadalira kuunikira kwa madzi. M'madzi amdima omwe samatumiza kuwala bwino, zowongolera zimatha kuyikidwa madzulo, nthawi zina kuyambira maola 15-16. Nsomba zolemera kwambiri m’madzi oterowo ndi madzulo, ndipo pakati pa usiku zimachepa, pamene nsomba za nkhanu zimachepa. M'madzi oyera, simuyenera kuyamba kugwira nkhanu madzulo asanakwane, nsomba zimapitilira kukula mpaka pakati pausiku komanso pakati pausiku. Pambuyo pa mdima wa usiku, zhor yatsopano imadziwika, koma imakhala yofooka kuposa yamadzulo.

Zinthu zina zambiri zimakhudzanso zochita za nkhanu. M’nyengo ya mitambo, kusodza kumayambika kale kusiyana ndi nyengo yabwino. Nsomba zabwino kwambiri za nkhanu zimakhala pausiku wofunda, wamdima, komanso nyengo yamvula. Zogwira zimakhala zosauka kwambiri pa chifunga chozizira komanso usiku wowala, komanso pansi pa mwezi. Kusokoneza nsomba ndi mabingu.

Misampha nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pakuya kwa 1-XNUMXm, koma ngati zomera zomwe zimadyedwa ndi nkhanu ndipo pansi zoyenera malo awo zimakhala zakuya, mutha kuyesa kuzama mamita angapo. Nsomba za nkhanu zimakhala zozama kwambiri m'madzi opepuka kuposa m'madzi akuda. Ndi bwino kuwagwira m'madamu omwe ali ndi miyala kapena miyala pansi pa miyala, pamiyala yosiyidwa, milatho, pansi pa nsonga, m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso pansi pa mapiri a gombe kuchokera pansi, oyenera kukumba mabowo.

Usiku, pogwira, nsomba za crayfish sizimayesedwa kapena kusanjidwa, chifukwa mumdima zimatenga nthawi yambiri ndikuchepetsa kugwira. Nsomba za nkhanu zimasonkhanitsidwa m'mbale zotsika, zotsetsereka komanso pansi kwambiri kuti zisayikidwe mumtambo wandiweyani. Pansi pa mbale pasakhale madzi.

Ndikosavuta kuyeza kutalika kwa nkhanu ndi ndodo yoyezera, momwe mumapumira kumbuyo kwa nkhanu. Kutalika kwa ndodo ndi 10 cm. Nsomba zazing'ono zosakwana 10 cm kukula kwake zimasankhidwa ndikutulutsidwanso m'madzi. Amalangizidwa kuti atulutsidwe m'madzi kutali ndi malo osodza, kuti asagwidwenso ndikuvulazidwa mopanda chifukwa.

Kasungidwe ndi mayendedwe a nkhanu

Nthawi zambiri, nkhanu zogwidwa zimasungidwa kwakanthawi musanadye. Nthawi zambiri amasungidwa m'makola. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuti athe kupeza matenda opatsirana, nsomba za crayfish m'makola ziyenera kusungidwa m'madzi momwe zimagwidwa. Mabokosi otsika opangidwa ndi matabwa, m'makoma omwe mabowo amabowoledwa, kapena mabokosi okhala ndi mipata, adziwonetsa okha ngati makola. Nsomba za nkhanu zimasungidwa bwino m'makola opangidwa ndi matabwa kapena mauna achitsulo.

Nsomba za crayfish ziyenera kusungidwa m'makola kwakanthawi kochepa, chifukwa zimadyana, makamaka anthu opanda thandizo. Mukasunga nsomba za crayfish kwa masiku opitilira 1-2 m'makola, ziyenera kudyetsedwa kuti zisungidwe bwino ndikumenyana pang'ono. Chakudya chokhazikika ndi nsomba zatsopano. Nsomba za nkhanu zimathanso kudyetsedwa lunguzi, masamba a alder, mbatata, mapesi a nandolo, ndi zakudya zina za zomera. Anthu akhala akuona kuti nkhanu zimamenyera nsomba nthawi zambiri kuposa chakudya cha zomera. Pa ndewu zimenezi amataya zikhadabo ndikuvulala kwina. Pofuna kupewa izi, ndi bwino kudyetsa nkhanu ndi masamba zakudya m'makola.

Nsomba za nkhanu nthawi zambiri zimatengedwa popanda madzi, m'mabokosi akuluakulu. Madengu a Wicker ndi othandiza makamaka, monganso matabwa, makatoni ndi mabokosi apulasitiki, bola ngati ali ndi mabowo okwanira.

Nsomba za nkhanu zimayikidwa m'mabokosi pafupifupi 15 cm mumzere umodzi wokha. Pansi pa mabokosi, komanso pamwamba pa nsomba za crayfish, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiyike chonyowa moss, udzu, lunguzi, zomera zam'madzi, ndi zina zotero. M'mabokosi apamwamba, mashelufu apakatikati amapangidwa ndi slats kuti zigawo. Nsomba za nkhanu sizigwirizana mwamphamvu. Amatha kunyamulidwa bwino komanso popanda magawo apakatikati, atasuntha zigawo za moss wonyowa. Ikani nsomba za nkhanu m'mabokosi ndikuziphimba ndi moss mwamsanga zisanayambe kusuntha. Nsomba zikayamba kuwonetsa zochita, zimawunjikana mwachangu m'makona a bokosilo. Chisamaliro chiyenera kuchitidwa kuti nsomba za nkhanu zisaphimbidwe ndi madzi omwe atolera pansi pa bokosi.

Mukamanyamula nsomba za crayfish m'chilimwe, muyenera kusamala kuti kutentha m'mabokosi sikukukwera kwambiri. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuphimba mabokosi kuchokera ku kuwala kwa dzuwa, kuika matumba a ayezi kuzungulira mabokosi, etc. Kutentha kwa nsomba za crayfish, ndi bwino kunyamula usiku. Kusunga kutentha komwe kumafunikira mkati, mabokosi amatha kukwezedwa kunja ndi zinthu zilizonse zowuma.

Malinga ndi malingaliro a anthu aku Germany, nkhanu ziyenera kuuma kwa theka la tsiku zitagwidwa musanaziike m'mabokosi. Palinso lingaliro lakuti nkhanu zimalola kuyenda bwino ngati sanalandire chakudya kwa nthawi yayitali.

Ntchito zazikulu zosamalira nkhanu m'malo osungira zachilengedwe ndi: - kuthetsa matenda a khansa, makamaka mliri wa khansa; - kutsatira malangizo akugwira nkhanu; - kulowetsedwa kwa nkhanu; - kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa udzu m'nkhokwe; - kukonza malo okhala nkhanu.

Ntchito ya aliyense wokonda nkhanu ndikuthandizira kuti mliriwu ukhazikike, kuti usafalikire kwambiri, kutsatira malingaliro opangidwa pamilanduyi.

Usodzi wochuluka wa nkhanu ndi imodzi mwa njira zothandiza zowonjezerera kuchuluka kwa nkhanu m'dziwe. Popeza nsomba za nkhanu zimafika pa msinkhu wa 7-8 cm, ndipo kukula kochepa komwe kumaloledwa kugwira nsomba za crayfish ndi masentimita 10, kugwira nsomba zambiri sikungawononge ziweto zawo m'nkhokwe. M'malo mwake, pamene anthu akuluakulu ndi omwe akukula pang'onopang'ono omwe amakhala m'malo abwino kwambiri achotsedwa m'thawe, kuberekana kwa nsomba za crayfish kumafulumizitsa. Akazi omwe ali ndi mazira ndi crustaceans ayenera kumasulidwa nthawi yomweyo m'madzi.

Anthu otalika 8-9 cm, omwe afika msinkhu, ndi oyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Kukhazikitsa kuyenera kuchitika pasanathe mwezi wa Ogasiti, kuti nsomba za nkhanu zikhale ndi nthawi yozolowera malo atsopano asanakwere komanso nyengo yozizira.

Kugwira Nsomba - Kanema