Chimfine ndi chiyani?

Chimfine, kapena chimfine, ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi ma virus a fuluwenza a banja la Orthomyxoviridae, ma virus a RNA. Matenda opatsirana, fuluwenza choyamba zimakhudza dongosolo la kupuma ndipo zimatha kukhala zovuta kwambiri kapena kukhala ndi mitundu yoopsa.

Kodi chimfine chimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Nthawi zambiri kumachokera masiku 3-7 ndipo zingalepheretse munthu kuchita ntchito zake za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma virus

Pali mitundu itatu ya ma virus a chimfine, okhala ndi timagulu tating'ono tosiyanasiyana tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono ta glycoproteins, neuraminidase (N) ndi hemagglutinins (H):

Influenza Type A

Ndiwowopsa kwambiri. Zinayambitsa miliri yakupha ingapo ngati chimfine chodziwika bwino cha ku Spain cha 1918, chomwe chidapha anthu opitilira 20 miliyoni. Mu 1968, inali nthawi ya "chimfine cha Hong Kong" kuyambitsa mliri. Mtundu A umasintha pakanthawi kochepa, zomwe zimamupangitsa kukhala wovuta kwambiri kumenya nkhondo. Zowonadi, thupi liyenera kupanga chitetezo chamthupi chokhazikika pamtundu uliwonse watsopano wa chimfine chomwe chikuyenda.

Mtundu wa A virus umayambitsa mliri pafupifupi 3-4 pazaka zana. Mu 2009, mtundu watsopano wa A virus, H1N1, zinayambitsa mliri wina. Malinga ndi akuluakulu azachipatala, kufalikira kwa mliriwu kunali "kochepa", potengera kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe anamwalira. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, onani fayilo yathu ya Influenza A (H1N1).

Avian influenza ndi mtundu wa A virus womwe umakhudza mbalame, kaya zopha (nkhuku, turkeys, zinziri), zakuthengo (atsekwe, abakha) kapena zoweta. Kachilomboka kamafala mosavuta kuchokera ku mbalame kupita kwa anthu, koma kawirikawiri pakati pa anthu. Kupsyinjika H5N1 zapha anthu angapo ku Asia, nthawi zambiri anthu amene amakumana ndi nkhuku zodwala kapena zakufa kapena amene amapita kukagulitsa nkhuku zamoyo pafupipafupi.

Influenza Type B

Nthawi zambiri, mawonekedwe ake amakhala ochepa kwambiri. Zimangoyambitsa miliri yokhazikika. Chimfine chamtunduwu sichimakonda kusintha masinthidwe ngati mtundu A.

Type C chimfine

Zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa zimakhala zofanana ndi za chimfine. Chimfine chamtunduwu sichimakondanso kusintha masinthidwe ngati mtundu A.

Kodi ma virus amasintha?

Kachilombo kameneka kamakhala kamasintha nthawi zonse (ma genotypic modifications). Ichi ndichifukwa chake kukhala ndi chimfine chaka chimodzi sikumapereka chitetezo ku ma virus omwe azizungulira zaka zotsatira. Choncho tikhoza kutenga chimfine chatsopano chaka chilichonse. Katemera ayenera kusinthidwa chaka chilichonse kuteteza anthu ku mitundu yatsopano ya kachilomboka.

Chimfine ndi kupatsirana: zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka amatha kupatsirana kutangotsala tsiku limodzi zizindikiro zake zoyamba zisanachitike ndipo amatha kupatsirana kachilomboka kwa masiku 5 mpaka 10. Ana nthawi zina amapatsirana kwa masiku opitilira 10.

Incubation imatha masiku 1 mpaka 3, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mukakhala ndi kachilombo ka fuluwenza, zizindikiro zimatha kuwonekera kuyambira tsiku limodzi mutadwala mpaka masiku atatu.

Chimfine, wagwidwa bwanji?

Chimfine chimafalikira mosavuta, ndi kupatsirana makamaka ndi ma microdroplets oipitsidwa omwe amatulutsidwa mumlengalenga pamene kutsokomola kapena kuyetsemula. Kachilomboka amathanso kufalikira kudzera m'malovu. Popeza kachilomboka kamatha kufalikira mwachangu kumaso ndi m'manja mwa munthu yemwe ali ndi chimfine, kupsopsonana ndi kugwirana chanza ndi odwala kuyenera kupewedwa.

Kupatsirana kumachitika kawirikawiri kudzera muzinthu zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi malovu kapena madontho okhudzidwa; kachilomboka kamakhalabe m'manja kwa mphindi 5 mpaka 30 komanso m'chimbudzi kwa masiku angapo. Pamalo opanda mpweya, kachilomboka kamakhala kogwira ntchito kwa maola angapo, choncho pewani kukhudza zinthu za wodwalayo (zoseweretsa, tebulo, chodulira, burashi).

Kodi chimfinecho chingagwidwe mosavuta m'nyengo yozizira?

Anthu aku Italy a m'zaka za m'ma XIV^e Century ankakhulupirira kuti zochitika za kupatsirana mu fuluwenza zinabweretsedwa ndi froid. Choncho anamutcha dzina chimfine. Iwo sanali kwathunthu olakwa, chifukwa mu kozizira madera a kumpoto ndi kum'mwera hemispheres fuluwenza kumaonekera kawirikawiri m'nyengo yozizira. Koma panthawiyo, mwina sankadziwa kuti m'madera otentha, miliri ya chimfine imatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse pachaka (palibe nyengo ya chimfine!).

Kwa nthawi yaitali ankakhulupirira kuti “kugwidwa ndi chimfine” kumachepetsa mphamvu ya thupi ku chimfine ndi chimfine. Komabe, palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti kuzizira kumafooketsa chitetezo chamthupi kapena kumathandizira kuti kachilomboka kalowe munjira yopuma.^6-9 .

Ngati chimfine chimakhala chofala kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira, zikuwoneka kuti chimachitika chifukwa chokhala m'ndende mkati nyumba, zomwe zimalimbikitsa matenda. Komanso, chakuti mpweya ndi zambiri wouma m'nyengo yozizira komanso facilitates kupatsirana, chifukwa mucous nembanemba wa mphuno adzauma. Ndipotu, mucous nembanemba amalepheretsa kulowa kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono bwino tikakhala tonyowa. Kuphatikiza apo, mphepo yowuma yozizira imapangitsa kuti kachilomboka kakhalebe ndi moyo kunja kwa thupi.²³.

Zovuta za chimfine

• Bacterial superinfection: zovuta zimatha kuchitika ngati pa fuluwenza (ma virus) kuwonjezera pa matenda a bakiteriya otitis media, ndi sinusitis, ndi chibayo bacterial post influenzae kuyambira 4^st 14^st tsiku pambuyo isanayambike matenda, nthawi zambiri okalamba.
• Chibayo chofanana ndi chimfine choyipa chachikulu. Zosowa komanso zowopsa, zimayambitsa kugonekedwa m'chipatala mu chisamaliro chachipatala.

• Zovuta zomwe zimakhudza ziwalo zina kupatula mapapu, monga myocarditis (kutupa kwa minofu ya mtima), pericarditis (kutupa kwa pericardium, nembanemba yozungulira mtima, encephalitis (kutupa kwa ubongo), rhabdmyolysis (kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa minofu), Reye's syndrome (ngati aspirin watengedwa ana, kuchititsa pachimake chiwindi ndi encephalitis, kwambiri).
• Zovuta mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira,
• Pa mimba, padera, prematurity, minyewa kobadwa nako malformations.
• Ndipo mu okalamba, Kulephera kwa MtimaMatenda a kupuma kapena aimpso omwe amatha kukulirakulira (decompensation).

Anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino kwambiri, monga okalamba,  immunocompromised ndi omwe ali nawo Matenda a m'mapapo, ali pachiopsezo chachikulu cha zovuta ndi imfa.

Pamene dokotala ?

Pamaso pa zizindikiro zotsatirazi, ndi bwino kukaonana ndi dokotala kuti azindikire ndikuchiza zovuta zilizonse zomwe zingabwere.

• A fever pa 38,5 ° C kwa maola oposa 72.
• Kupuma pang'ono popuma.
• Kupweteka pachifuwa.

Ndi anthu angati omwe amadwala chimfine chaka chilichonse?

Ku France, chaka chilichonse, pa mliri wa chimfine, pakati pa 788 ndi 000 miliyoni anthu amakaonana ndi dokotala wawo, mwachitsanzo, anthu 4,6 miliyoni amakhudzidwa pafupifupi chaka chilichonse ndi chimfine. Ndipo pafupifupi 2,5% mwa iwo ali pansi pa 50. Pa mliri wa chimfine wa 18-2014, 2015 milandu ya chimfine chachikulu ndi imfa za 1600 zinawonedwa. Koma kufa kopitilira muyeso komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi chimfine ndiye kuyerekeza kufa kwa 280 (imfa mwa anthu ofooka omwe popanda chimfine mwina sakadamwalira). 

Chimfine chimakhudza 10% mpaka 25% ya anthu chaka chilichonse Canada3. Ambiri mwa omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amachira popanda vuto lililonse. Komabe, chimfinecho chimakhudzidwa ndi kufa kwa 3000 mpaka 5000 ku Canada, nthawi zambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ofooka kale.

Kodi chimfine chimagwidwa liti?

Ku North America monga ku Europe, nyengo ya chimfine kuyambira Novembala mpaka Epulo. Kuchuluka kwa chimfine m'nyengo yanyengo kumasiyana malinga ndi dera la dziko lomwe muli komanso kachilombo kameneka kakufalikira.