Kudziteteza ku nkhupakupa: zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa za nthata iyi

Kodi zizindikiro za kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa ndi ziti?

Pali kutsutsana pa mfundo yakuti nkhupakupa imaluma (malinga ndi Ulamuliro Wapamwamba wa Zaumoyo) kapena kuluma (malinga ndi malo a Social Security) kuti iyamwe magazi athu… zizindikiro zambiri zingawonekere, ndipo siziyenera kutengedwa mopepuka! Nkhupakupa zimatha kufalitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana, kotero mutha kuvutika nazo litsipa, zizindikiro ngati chimfine, Kufa ziwalo, kapena kuwona a Mbale wofiira, wotchedwa "erythema migrans", khalidwe la matenda a Lyme.

Kodi matenda a Lyme ndi chiyani?

Akuti, chifukwa cha kuwunika kwa kachilombo ka nkhupakupa, kuti 15% mwaiwo ndi onyamula, mumzinda wa France, mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa. Matenda a Lyme. Matenda a Lyme, omwe amatchedwanso Matenda a borreliosis, ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya Borrelia burgdorferi. Nkhupakupa imatha kupatsira kachilomboka kwa anthu ikalumidwa. Lyme borreliosis imayambitsa zizindikiro za chimfine, komanso zofiira zomwe zimatchedwa "erythema migrans", zomwe zimatha zokha.

Zambiri nthawi zina matendawa amakula ndikukhudza ziwalo zina. Zizindikiro zimatha kuwoneka pakhungu (monga kutupa), dongosolo lamanjenje (meninges, ubongo, minyewa ya nkhope), mfundo (makamaka bondo) ndipo, nthawi zina, mtima (kusokonezeka kwa mayendedwe amtima) . Kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 15% ya anthu amakumana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yapakati panthawi yachiwiriyi. Mwamwayi, kuukira kumeneku sikuchitika kawirikawiri. Nthawi zambiri, kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa / kulumidwa kumabweretsa zovuta zochepa. 

Kodi tick-borne meningoencephalitis (FSME) ndi chiyani?

Matenda ena omwe amayamba chifukwa cholumidwa ndi nkhupakupa ndi meningoencephalitis yopangidwa ndi nkhupakupa. Matendawa amayamba ndi kachilombo (osati mabakiteriya monga matenda a Lyme) ndipo amadziwikanso kuti "vernoestival" meningoencephalitis, poyerekezera ndi nyengo (masika-chilimwe) yomwe imakhala yochuluka.

Iye ali pa chiyambi cha manda matenda m'mitsempha, msana kapena ubongo. Nthawi zambiri, zimayambitsa zizindikiro za chimfine, kupweteka m'malo olumikizirana mafupa, mutu, komanso kutopa. Pamafunika kuyezetsa magazi kuti muzindikire. Mpaka pano, palibe mankhwala, koma katemera akulimbikitsidwa. 

Ndani angapeze katemera wa encephalitis wonyamula nkhupakupa?

Palibe katemera wa matenda a Lyme, koma labotale yogwirizana ndi Pfizer pakali pano ili mu gawo loyesera, ndi chiyembekezo cha malonda ndi 2025. Akuluakulu azaumoyo ku France amalimbikitsa, komabe, kuti alandire katemera wa encephalitis wofalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa, makamaka poyenda. mu Central, Eastern ndi Northern Europe, kapena madera ena aku China kapena Japan, pakati pa masika ndi autumn.

Pali katemera angapo olimbana ndi matendawa omwe amafalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa, kuphatikiza Ticovac 0,25 ml katemera wa ana, Achinyamata a Ticovac ndi akuluakulu kuchokera ku labotale ya Pfizer kapena ndi Encépur kuchokera ku ma laboratories a GlaxoSmithKline. Chotsatira sichingakhale jekeseni kuyambira ali ndi zaka 12 zokha.

Kodi mungapewe bwanji kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa?

Ngakhale zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi ma virus kapena mabakiteriya ndizosavomerezeka, mwamwayi ndizothekapewani kansalu kakang'ono aka ! Samalani, imaluma popanda kuvulaza ndipo chifukwa chake ndizovuta kuzindikira. Kuti muchepetse zoopsa momwe mungathere, mutha: 

• Valani panja zovala zomwe zimaphimba mikono ndi miyendo, nsapato zotsekedwa ndi chipewa. Izi zimalimbikitsidwa makamaka, zimatchula INRAE, National Institute of Agronomic Research, " kwa ana omwe ali ndi mitu yawo mpaka udzu wautali ndi tchire ". Zovala zopepuka kungathandizenso kutsata nkhupakupa, zowonekera kwambiri kuposa zakuda.
• M'nkhalango, timapewa kusiya njira. Izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo chokumana ndi nkhupakupa mu burashi, ferns ndi udzu wautali.
• Kubwerera kuchokera kuyenda kwanu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti pukuta pukuta zovala zonse zakale pa kutentha kwa 40 ° C osachepera kuti aphe zotheka chobisika Mafunso Chongani.
• M'pofunikanso kusamba ndi fufuzani kuti sitili detecting pa thupi lake ndi ana athu, makamaka m`makwinya ndi madera zambiri chinyezi (khosi, mkhwapa, crotch, kuseri kwa makutu ndi mawondo), kadontho kakang'ono kakuda kofanana ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono komwe kunalibepo kale ! Samalani, mphutsi za nkhupakupa sizimapitirira mamilimita 0,5, kenako nymphs 1 mpaka 2 millimeters.
• Ndi nzeru kukhalapo nthawi zonse chochotsa nkhupakupa, komanso'wothamangitsa, pokondera omwe ali ndi chilolezo chotsatsa, komanso polemekeza momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito (mutha kufunsa ku pharmacy za zotheka contraindications ana ndi amayi apakati). Tikhoza kuthira mimba zovala za ana athu, komanso zathu, ndi mankhwala othamangitsira. 

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito chokoka nkhupakupa pakhungu la munthu?

Ku France, a Health Insurance amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito chochotsa nkhupakupa (kugulitsidwa m'ma pharmacies) kapena kulephera, chowongolera bwino chochotsa nkhupakupa pakhungu lake kapena abale ake. Cholinga chake ndikugwira tizilombo mozama kwambiri momwe tingathere pakhungu pamene tikukoka pang'onopang'ono koma molimba, ndikuchita zozungulira kuti zisaswe zida zapakamwa, zomwe zikanakhala pansi pa khungu. 

« Kusuntha kozungulira kumachepetsa kukonzanso kwa minyewa yaying'ono ya rostrum (mutu wa nkhupakupa), motero kumachepetsa kukana kuchotsa. », Akufotokozera UFC-Que Choisir, Denis Heitz, general manager wa O'tom, m'modzi mwa opanga makoko a nkhupakupa. ” Ngati nkhupakupa yachotsedwa kwathunthu, zonse zili bwino, imatchula zakumapeto. Chinthu chachikulu sikuti kufinya pamimba pa nthawi yochotsa chifukwa izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. » 

Ngati munthuyo walephera kuchotsa mutu wonse wa nkhupakupa paulendo woyamba, musachite mantha: “ Mitsempha ya salivary yomwe ili ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ili m'mimba », Akusonyeza Nathalie Boulanger, wazamankhwala ku Borrelia National Reference Center ku Strasbourg, wofunsidwa ndi UFC-Que Choisir. Mwina dokotala angathandize kuchotsa zotsalira zomwe zakhala zikugwira pakhungu, kapena tikhoza kuyembekezera kuti "ziume" ndikugwa.

Nthawi zonse, khungu liyenera kutetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chlorhexidine antiseptic et kuyang'anira malo oluma kwa masiku 30 ngati mutakhala ndi chotupa chofiira chofalikira, chizindikiro cha matenda a Lyme. Zingakhale zothandiza kulemba tsiku limene munalumidwa. Pakufiira pang'ono kapena kuzizira ndi kutentha thupi, ndikofunikira kukaonana dokotala wake mwachangu momwe angathere… ndipo samalani kuti musasokoneze zizindikirozi ndi za Covid-19!

Nkhupakupa ilibe nthawi yofalitsa matenda ndi mabakiteriya kuti ngati atapachikidwa kwa maola oposa 7. Ndi chifukwa chake tiyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu.

Kodi kuchitira nkhupakupa kulumidwa?

Nthawi zambiri, chitetezo chathu cha mthupi, kapena cha mwana wathu, chimachotsa mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa matenda a Lyme. Popewa, adotolo amatha kupereka a mankhwala a antiotic kuyambira masiku 20 mpaka 28 malinga ndi zizindikiro zachipatala zomwe zimawonedwa mwa munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka.

The Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS) adakumbukira kuti mitundu yofalitsidwa (5% ya milandu) ya matenda a Lyme, mwachitsanzo, omwe amadziwonetsa okha masabata angapo kapena miyezi ingapo atabaya jekeseni, kuyezetsa kowonjezera monga serologies ndi upangiri wachipatala wa akatswiri ndikofunikira. . 

Kodi pali zoopsa zina panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati?

Pali maphunziro ochepa azachipatala pankhaniyi, koma sizikuwoneka kuti pali chiopsezo china chilichonse ngati nkhuku ikuluma pa nthawi ya mimba. Koma kusamala ndi kuyang'anitsitsa ndizofunikirabe, ndipo dokotala akhoza kukupatsani mankhwala.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku waku France yemwe adachitika mu 2013, a Borrelia burgdorferi akanakhoza kumbali ina kukhala wokhoza kudutsa chotchinga cha placenta, motero kupatsira mwana wosabadwayo, ndi chiopsezo chachikulu choyambitsa matenda a mtima kapena chilema cha mtima. Izi zingakhale choncho makamaka pamene matendawa ayamba mu trimester yoyamba ndipo samachiritsidwa mwamsanga.

Ngati muwona nkhupakupa ndikuichotsa, kapena mukulandira chithandizo cha zizindikiro za kulumidwa, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa.

Kodi nkhupakupa zimakhala kuti ku France?

1. Malo omwe nkhupakupa amakhala nazo m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, udzu, makamaka wautali, zitsamba, mipanda ndi zitsamba. Tizilombo toyamwa magazi timeneti timakonda kukhala m'malo ofunda, koma amatha kusintha kwambiri kutalika, mpaka 2 metres, ndi chinyezi. Pansi pa 000 ° C, imapita ku hibernation. 

2. Kuyambira 2017, pulogalamu yofufuza yogwira nawo ntchito ya CiTIQUE, yoyendetsedwa ndi INRAE, yakhala ikukhulupirira kuti titenga nawo gawo kuti tipititse patsogolo chidziwitso cha nkhupakupa ndi matenda okhudzana nawo. Aliyense atha kunena za kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yaulere ya "Tick Report".

3. "Tick Report": mtundu watsopano wa pulogalamu yofotokozera kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa ulipo

4. Zotsirizirazi zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kusonkhanitsa zambiri za kugawidwa kwa malo, nkhani ya kulumidwa kwa nkhupakupa (tsiku, dera lomwe thupi lidalumidwa, kuchuluka kwa nkhupakupa zomwe zidayikidwa, mtundu wa chilengedwe, chifukwa chakuluma. kupezeka pamitsempha yamagazi, chithunzi cha kulumidwa ndi / kapena nkhupakupa…) ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amanyamula. Pulogalamuyi idatsitsidwa nthawi zopitilira 70 pasanathe zaka zinayi, zomwe zapangitsa kuti pakhale mapu enieni a mapu. chiopsezo cholumidwa ndi nkhupakupa ku France. 

5. Mu mtundu waposachedwa wa "Tick Report", ogwiritsa ntchito atha kupanga mbiri zingapo muakaunti yomweyo, kuti amve malipoti amtsogolo. ” Mwachitsanzo, banja litha kusunga mbiri pa akaunti imodzi. makolo, ana ndi ziweto. Ogwiritsa ntchito amapindula ndi zambiri zokhudza kupewa ndi kutsatira pambuyo pa kuluma », Ikuwonetsa INRAE. Ndizothekanso kunena jekeseni mutakhala "opanda intaneti", chifukwa pulogalamuyo imatumiza lipoti intaneti ikabwezeretsedwa.

6. Nkhupakupa: zoopsa komanso m'minda yachinsinsi komanso yapagulu

7. Ngakhale malo akuluakulu okhala nkhupakupa omwe amadziwika ndi anthu wamba ndi nkhalango, malo okhala ndi matabwa ndi chinyezi, komanso udzu wautali m'malo owuma, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a nkhupakupa zachitika m'minda kapena m'mapaki a anthu, zomwe zimafunikira malinga ndi INRAE ​​" Ganiziraninso za kupewa m'maderawa momwe anthu safuna kutsatira njira zopewera zomwe zimalangizidwa kuti muyende m'nkhalango. “. Pakati pa 2017 ndi 2019, 28% ya anthu kudera lonselo adalengeza. kulumidwa m'munda waumwini; pa Marichi ndi Epulo 47 anasintha kufika -2020%.

8. Nkhupakupa: Kuchuluka kokulirapo kwa kulumidwa m'minda yapayekha

9. INRAE ​​​​ndi ANSES, National Food Sanitary Security Agency, motero adayambitsa pulojekiti ya "TIQUoJARDIN" kumapeto kwa Epulo 2021. Cholinga chake ? Kumvetsetsa bwino chiopsezo chokhudzana ndi kukhalapo kwa nkhupakupa m'minda yaumwini, dziwani zomwe zimachitika m'mindayi ndikuzindikira ngati nkhupakupa zili ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuchokera pagulu lazotolera zotumizidwa ku mabanja odzipereka mumzinda wa Nancy ndi ma municipalities oyandikana nawo, minda yopitilira 200 adzawunikidwa, ndipo zotulukapo zake zidzaperekedwa kwa gulu la asayansi limodzinso ndi nzika.

Kodi nyengo ya nkhupakupa ndi chiyani?

Chifukwa cha zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa pazaka zitatu zogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya "Tick Signaling", ofufuza a INRAE ​​adatha kutsimikizira kuti nthawi zowopsa kwambiri ndi masika ndi autumn. Pa avareji, kuopsa kwa kuwoloka nkhupakupa ndi chokwera kwambiri pakati pa Marichi ndi Novembala.

Momwe mungachotsere nkhupakupa kwa galu wathu kapena mphaka wathu?

Poganizira za moyo wawo, nyama zathu za miyendo inayi zimakondedwa kwambiri ndi nkhupakupa! Mukawona nkhupakupa pa malaya kapena khungu la chiweto chanu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chiphaso chamakadi, ma tweezers ang'onoang'ono, kapena zikhadabo zanu, kuchotsa. Popewa, palinso anti nkhupakupa makolala, ofanana ndi makolala a utitiri, madontho kapena mapiritsi omwe amatha kutafuna. 

Nthawi zambiri, agalu athu kapena amphaka savutika ndi nkhupakupa, koma ngati nkhupakupa ili ndi kachilomboka, imatha kupatsira matenda a Lyme kapena meningoencephalitis yofalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa. Agalu ndiwo amadwala nkhupakupa kuposa amphaka.. Ngati mukukayikira, mutha kupempha kuyesa kwa veterinarian wanu, yemwe adzakupatseni a mankhwala opha tizilombo. Kumbali inayi, motsutsana ndi FSME, palibe katemera wa ziweto zathu.