Chovala chopukutira ndi chitetezo chotetezedwa chomwe chimakondedwa ndi amayi, patsogolo pa chidole. Ngati thaulo lotayiliralo likadali ndi njira yayitali, amayi ena amasankha mtundu wokhoza kutsukidwanso ndi kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, mwa njira ya "zero zinyalala".

Chovalachi chaukhondo ndi chitetezo chapafupi chomwe chimalola kuyamwa kusamba panthawi yamalamulo. Mosiyana ndi tampon kapena chikho chamasamba, chomwe chimakhala chitetezo cha mkati (kutanthauza kuti cholowetsedwa mumaliseche), ndichitetezo chakunja, cholumikizidwa ndi malaya amkati.

Monga momwe dzina lake likusonyezera, chopukutira chaukhondo chomwe chimachotsedwa chimatha: kamodzi akagwiritsa ntchito, amatha.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zopukutira zaukhondo zotayika

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe kuti agwirizane ndi mayendedwe (opepuka / apakatikati / olemera) ndi mtundu wa zovala zamkati. Mphamvu ya mayamwidwe imawonetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe amithunzi yamadontho ngati madontho, omwe amadziwika potetezedwa kwambiri. Chovalachi chophatikizika chimamangiriridwa pazovala zamkati chifukwa cha gawo lomata, lomwe limamalizidwa malinga ndi mitundu yazipsepse zomata m'mbali. 

Ubwino wa chopukutira chaukhondo chotayika

Mphamvu ya chopukutira chaukhondo chotayika:

• kugwiritsa ntchito kwake mosavuta;
• pakuzindikira;
• mayamwidwe ake.

Zoyipa za chopukutira chaukhondo chotayika

Mfundo zake zofooka:

• zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu ina, mwa amayi ena, zimatha kuyambitsa ziwengo, kumva kusapeza bwino, kukwiya kapena matenda a yisiti;
• mtengo wake;
• kukhudzidwa kwachilengedwe komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kukonzekera kwawo, kapangidwe kake ndi kuwonongeka kwawo. Kuchokera pagawo loyamwa la chopukutira mpaka phukusi lake, podutsa zingwe zomata za zipsepse, chopukutira chaukhondo chotayika (cha mitundu yaposachedwa) chimakhala ndi pulasitiki, yomwe imatenga zaka mazana kuti iwonongeke;
• kapangidwe kake.

Zipangizo zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito

Kutengera mtundu ndi mitundu ya zopukutira zaukhondo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• zinthu zachilengedwe zochokera ku nkhuni;
• mankhwala amtundu wa polyolefin;
• wa superabsorbent (SAP).

Chikhalidwe cha zida, njira zamakina zomwe amakumana nazo (bleaching, polymerization, bonding) ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posintha izi zitha kukhala zovuta.  

Kukhalapo kwa zotsalira za mankhwala oopsa?

Kutsatira kafukufuku wa 2016 wa ogula 60 miliyoni omwe adawona kukhalapo kwa zotsalira zapoizoni m'mipukutu yaukhondo ndi matamponi, ANSES idafunsidwa kuti iwunikenso chitetezo chazinthu zodzitetezera. Bungweli lidapereka lipoti loyamba la akatswiri mu 2016, kenako mtundu wosinthidwa mu 2019.  

The Agency anapeza matawulo osiyanasiyana kuda kwa zinthu:

• butylphenylme´thylpropional kapena BMHCA (Lilial®),
• ma polycyclic onunkhira a ma hydrocarbon (PAHs),
• mankhwala (glyphosate),
• Linda,
• hexachlorobenzene,
• a quintozene,
• dinoctyl phthalates (DnOP).

Zinthu izi zitha kukhala ngati zosokoneza za endocrine. Bungweli likulimbikitsanso kunena kuti pazinthu izi, palibe malire azaumoyo omwe adutsa. Komabe, padakali funso la kuchuluka kwake komanso momwe amadyera, chifukwa m'moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku (chakudya, madzi, mpweya, zodzikongoletsera, etc.), timakumana ndi zinthu zambiri.

Pochepetsa zoopsa, malangizo ochepa osavuta:

• sankhani matawulo opanda zonunkhira, odzola, opanda zowonjezera komanso opanda pulasitiki (m'dera loyamwa komanso polumikizana ndi khungu);
• pewani matawulo okhala ndi klorini;
• konderani mitundu yotchedwa organic (thonje mwachitsanzo, kapena GOTS yotsimikiziridwa ndi nsungwi mwachitsanzo) yotsimikizika popanda mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso opanda mankhwala;
• sinthani thaulo lanu pafupipafupi kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya.

Polimbana ndi kuchepa kwa mapangidwe a zopukutira thukuta zachikhalidwe komanso kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zomwe amapanga, azimayi ochulukirachulukira akuyang'ana njira zowoneka bwino komanso zathanzi munthawi yawo. Chovalachi chopukutira mwaukhondo ndi imodzi mwanjira zake "zotaya zero". Imagwiritsanso ntchito chimodzimodzi monga chopukutira chachikale kupatula kuti chimapangidwa ndi nsalu, chifukwa chake makina amatha kutsukidwa ndi kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Amakhala ndi moyo wazaka 3 mpaka 5, kutengera pafupipafupi kutsuka. 

Kapangidwe ka chopukutira chaukhondo chotsuka

Nkhani yabwino: zowonadi, alibe chochita ndi matewera a makolo athu! Chovala chansamba chotsuka chimapangidwa ndi magawo osiyanasiyana, kuti chitonthozo ndi magwiridwe antchito:

• wosanjikiza wofewa ndi woyamwa, pokhudzana ndi mamina am'mimba, makamaka mu polyurethane;
• cholumikizira chopangidwa ndi 1 mpaka 2 ya nsalu yolowa kwambiri mkati, mu ulusi wa nsungwi kapena ulusi wamakala a nsungwi mwachitsanzo, zinthu zomwe zimasankhidwa kuti zizikhala ndi zotsekemera mwachilengedwe;
• chosanjikiza chopanda madzi chopumira (polyester);
• makina osindikizira kuti akonze thaulo kunja kwa chovalacho.

Mitengoyi imapereka mayendedwe osiyanasiyana - opepuka, abwinobwino, ochulukirapo - kutengera dongosolo lofananira lapa dontho, komanso kukula kwake kutengera kutuluka ndi mtundu wa zovala zamkati. 

Ubwino wa chopukutira chopukutira 

Mphamvu ya chopukutira chosamba:

Ecology

Ndizotheka kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe komanso kusinthika, chopukutira chotsuka chimachepetsa zinyalala motero chimachepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe. 

Kupanda mankhwala poizoni

Zipangizo zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizotsimikizika kuti sizikhala zonunkhira komanso zopanda mankhwala (formaldehyde, zitsulo zolemera, ma chlorine phenols, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ma phthalates, ma organotins, ma benzene okhala ndi chlorine ndi toluene, carcinogenic kapena utoto wa allergenic. . 

Mtengo

Kugulidwa kwa zopukutira zaukhondo zotsuka kumayimira ndalama zochepa (kuwerengera 12 mpaka 20 € pa chopukutira), koma imadzilipira yokha.

Zoyipa za chopukutira chopukutira 

Malo ofooka:

• amafunika kutsukidwa, zomwe zimatenga nthawi ndi kukonzekera;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi komanso kumwa madzi kumadzutsanso mafunso.

Chovalachi chopukutira mwaukhondo chiyenera kusinthidwa pamlingo wofanana ndi chopukutira chaukhondo: katatu mpaka kasanu masana, kutengera kutuluka kwachidziwikire. Usiku, tidzasankha mtundu wosakanikirana kwambiri, pomwe mtundu wokhala ndi kuwala kumatha kukhala kokwanira koyambira ndi kutha kwa nyengo. Mulimonsemo, malonda amalimbikitsa kuti asagwiritse ntchito thauloyo kwa maola opitilira 3 motsatizana, pazifukwa za ukhondo.

Mukagwiritsa ntchito, thauloyo iyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi ofunda, kenako kutsukidwa ndi sopo. Pewani sopo wamafuta monga sopo wa Marseille yemwe amatha kutseka ulusi ndikusintha mawonekedwe ake. 

Zovala zamkati ziyenera kutsukidwa pamakina, mozungulira 30 ° mpaka 60 ° C. Makamaka mugwiritse ntchito zotsekemera zopanda mafuta, zonunkhira, ndikuonetsetsa kuti mwasankha muzungulidwe wokwanira kuthetseratu tinthu tina tonse tomwe titha kukhala tosautsa kapena ngakhale Matupi awo amatsegula m'mimba.

Kuyanika mpweya kumalimbikitsidwa kuti tisunge zinthu zomwe zimapezeka mu thaulo. Kugwiritsa ntchito choumitsira sikuvomerezeka, kapena pamayendedwe osakhwima.

Ngakhale ndizosowa, matenda okhudzana ndi poizoni (TSS) akhala akuchuluka m'zaka zaposachedwa. Ichi ndi chodabwitsa cholumikizidwa ndi poizoni (TSST-1 poizoni wabakiteriya) wotulutsidwa ndi mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya wamba, monga Staphylococcus aureus, pomwe azimayi 20 mpaka 30% amakhulupirira kuti amanyamula. Akapangidwa ochuluka kwambiri, poizoniyu amatha kuwononga ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, ndipo nthawi zazikulu kwambiri, zimadula mwendo kapena kufa.

Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi ofufuza ochokera ku International Center for Infectious Disease Research ndi National Reference Center ya Staphylococci ku Hospices de Lyon adazindikira kuti ndizoopsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azitetezedwa kwambiri (makamaka tampon). Kupuma kwamagazi kumaliseche kumakhala ngati chikhalidwe chothandizira kufalikira kwa mabakiteriya. Chifukwa chakuti samayambitsa magazi kunyini, "zoteteza zakunja (matawulo, zipinda zamkati) sizinachitepo nawo TSS. », Akukumbukira ANSES mu lipoti lake. Chifukwa chake amalimbikitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito zopukutira m'malo mwaukhondo m'malo mongomusaka usiku.