Lingual papillae ndi zotsitsimula m'kati mwa lilime, zina zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kamvedwe ka kukoma. The lingual papillae akhoza kukhala malo osiyanasiyana pathologies chifukwa osauka ukhondo m`kamwa, kapena akhoza sachedwa zotupa kapena matenda chifukwa cha matenda ena. 

Lingual papillae ndi zotulutsa zing'onozing'ono mumzere wa lilime. Pali mitundu inayi ya papillae ya lingual yomwe ili ndi epithelium yamitundu yambiri:

• Goblet papillae, yotchedwa lingual V, nambala 9 mpaka 12. Amasanjidwa mu mawonekedwe a V pansi pa lilime.
• Ma papilla ang'onoang'ono komanso ochulukirapo amapangidwa m'mizere yofanana ndi V kuseri kwa lilime. Amakutidwa ndi epithelium, maselo ena omwe amadzaza ndi keratin (mapuloteni a sulfure omwe amapanga gawo lofunikira la epidermis).
• Ma fungiform papillae amwazikana pakati pa filiform papillae kumbuyo ndi mbali za lilime. M'mawonekedwe a mitu ya zikhomo, ndi pinki kwambiri kuposa filiform papillae.
• The foliate papillae (kapena foliaceous) zili m'munsi mwa lilime kutambasuka kwa lingual V. Mu mawonekedwe a mapepala, ali ndi lymphoid minofu (maselo a chitetezo cha m'thupi).

Mu epithelial lining, goblet, fungiform ndi foliate papillae muli zolandilira kukoma, zomwe zimatchedwanso kukoma.

Kulawa udindo

Goblet, fungiform ndi foliate kulawa masamba amathandizira pakuwona zokometsera zisanu: zotsekemera, zowawasa, zowawa, zamchere, umami.

Zokometsera zomwe zili muzokoma zimakhala ndi zolandilira pamwamba zomwe ndi mapuloteni omwe amatha kumangirira kumtundu wina wa molekyulu. Molekyu ikamamatira pamwamba pa mphukira, chizindikiro chimatumizidwa ku ubongo chomwe chimatumiza uthenga womveka (wamchere, wotsekemera, ndi zina zotero.) Mphukira iliyonse imalumikizidwa ndi chigawo china cha ubongo chomwe chimapangitsa kuti kumveka kumveke. . zosangalatsa (zotsekemera) kapena zosasangalatsa (zowawa).

Physiological udindo

Lingaliro la kukoma limayang'anira kudya, limasintha njala ndikuthandizira posankha zakudya. Mwachitsanzo, asidi ndi zowawa poyamba zimakhala zosasangalatsa zomwe zimachenjeza za zakudya zapoizoni kapena zowonongeka.

Zimango udindo

Ma filiform papillae, omwe alibe masamba olawa, amakhala ndi gawo lamakina. Amapanga malo okhwima kumbuyo kwa lilime kuti achepetse kutsetsereka kwa chakudya panthawi yakutafuna.

Kulawa masamba amatha kukhala tcheru zosiyanasiyana zachilendo ndi pathologies.

Pathologies okhudzana ndi ukhondo osauka mkamwa

• Lilime la saburral limadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa zokutira zoyera kumbuyo kwa lilime chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa keratins mu filiform papillae. Zitha kugwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana am'deralo, am'mimba kapena amthupi.
• Lilime lavillous (kapena laubweya) ndi vuto lomwe limayamba chifukwa cholephera kuchotsa maselo okhala ndi keratin. Amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kumbuyo kwa lilime la bulauni-wakuda, wachikasu kapena woyera filaments. Zitha kuyambitsa kumverera kwa impasto, kuyabwa kapena kukoma kwachitsulo. Kusuta, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, kumwa maantibayotiki kapena pakamwa pouma ndizomwe zimayambitsa.

Chilankhulo cha Geographic

Lilime la Geographic ndi kutupa koyipa komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi kupezeka kwa madera a chilankhulo chakumapeto kwa dorsal ndi / kapena mbali ya lilime. Malo ndi mawonekedwe a zotupazo zimasintha pakapita nthawi. Lilime limatha kukhala ndi mankhwala ena (corticosteroids, anticancer) kapena kuwonekera mwa odwala matenda a shuga kapena psoriasis.

Zotupa za mucosa m'kamwa

• Erythemas ndi redness yomwe imatha kupezeka pa mucous nembanemba ya lilime ngati Queyrat erythroplakia, kusowa kwa vitamini B12 kapena matenda obwera ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono (makamaka Candida yisiti).
• Zilonda ndi zotupa zapamwamba zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuchira (zilonda zowopsa pambuyo pa pabowo kapena kulumidwa, zilonda zamkamwa, ndi zina zotero).
• Zigamba zoyera ndi zotupa zotuluka zomwe zimatha kukhala ngati mbali ya leukoplakia, squamous cell carcinoma (chotupa chowopsa chapakamwa), kapena lichen planus.
• Ma vesicles, ma protrusions ang'onoang'ono odzazidwa ndi madzimadzi a serous, amawonedwa panthawi yotupa pakamwa pakamwa mucosa viral (herpes, nkhuku, shingles, hand-foot-mouth syndrome).

Kutupa kwa masamba okoma

• Kutupa kwa minofu ya lymphoid yomwe ili mu foliate papillae kumayambitsa kukula kwa benign papillae.
• Matenda a Kawasaki ndi kutupa kwa mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imadziwonetsera makamaka ngati lilime la rasipiberi (kutupa kwa masamba a kukoma)
• Papillitis ndi kutupa kwa bowa papillae

Papillae atrophy

Atrophy ndi kuchepa kwa zomangira za mucosa wamkamwa. Zimawonekera muzochitika zotsatirazi:

• Kuperewera kwachitsulo kungayambitse kukomoka kwa masamba okoma ndi mawonekedwe osalala, onyezimira kumbuyo kwa lilime.
• Lichen planus ingayambitse kutha kwa lingual papillae
• pakamwa youma

Pathologies m`njira zina zimakhudza kukoma masamba

Ma pathologies ena amasokoneza kawonedwe ka kukoma komwe kumakhudza kukoma, dongosolo lamanjenje ndi ubongo:

• Kupuwala kwa nkhope
• Kutupa kwa mitsempha ya nkhope
• Chotupa mu ubongo kapena thalamus chingayambitse kutaya kukoma, komwe kumatchedwanso ageusia.

Pathologies okhudzana ndi ukhondo osauka mkamwa

Lilime la saburral ndi lilime laubweya limathandizidwa ndi kupukuta pafupipafupi komanso kukanda komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwanso kwaukhondo wapakamwa. Kuchiza lilime laubweya kumatengeranso kuchotsa zinthu zoopsa.

Chilankhulo cha Geographic

Pamene kutupa kuli kowawa, chithandizo chamankhwala chingaganizidwe kuphatikizapo topical tacrolimus kirimu, corticosteroids, retinoids (pamutu kapena pakamwa) ndi cyclosporin.

Mankhwala ena

Pamene kukhudzidwa kwa papillae kumayambitsidwa ndi matenda ena, chithandizo ndi chomwe chimayambitsa. Mwachitsanzo, matenda opatsirana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amathandizidwa ndi maantibayotiki kapena antifungal am'deralo. Papillitis amachira zokha. 

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zogwira ntchito zimayamba ndi ukhondo wapakamwa:

• Kutsuka mano m'mawa ndi madzulo 
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otsukira mano fluoride
• Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi
• Ulendo wapachaka kwa dokotala wa mano 
• Zakudya zosiyanasiyana komanso zopatsa thanzi

Kuphatikiza apo, kutafuna chingamu wopanda shuga mukatha kudya chilichonse komanso kutsuka mkamwa kopanda mowa kumalimbikitsidwanso.