Chipinda cha Azalea
Azalea yamkati ndi yokongola kwambiri - ndi chinthu chomwe amalima maluwa ambiri amafunikira. Koma pali vuto - ndizovuta kwambiri. Okonda ambiri adabzalapo, mbewuyo idafa ndipo sanayesenso zina. Pakali pano, mukhoza kulilima kunyumba

M'nyumba azalea ndi woimira Rhododendron Rhododendron (Rhododendron) ndi wachibale wapamtima wokongola m'munda - rhododendrons wamtali. Kuthengo, pali mitundu mazana angapo, koma ziwiri zokha ndi mitundu yawo yosakanizidwa imamera kunyumba.

Duwa la azalea m'nyumba ndi chitsamba chophatikizika chotalika 30 - 50 cm chokhala ndi maluwa ochulukirapo komanso okongola kwambiri, chomwe chamupangitsa kutchuka pakati pa okonda mbewu zamkati. Maluwa ake ndi obiriwira, mumithunzi yofiira, yoyera ndi pinki, pali mitundu ya lilac ndi ma corolla amitundu iwiri. Azalea amayamikiridwanso kuphuka munyengo yozizira, pomwe maluwa ena ambiri amapumula.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya azalea ya chipinda

Pali mitundu iwiri ya azaleas amkati.

Azalea Indian (Indica), or Rhododendron Sims (Rhododendron simsii) (1). Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri, ndi iye amene nthawi zambiri amapezeka pa malonda. Ichi ndi chitsamba chobiriwira nthawi zonse chokhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi pubescence yofiira. Maluwa a azalea amkati ndi osavuta kapena awiri, nthawi zambiri amafika kukula kwa 3 - 5 cm kapena kupitilira apo ndipo amasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence yozungulira.

Azalea Japanese, or maluwa a rhododendron Rhododendron obtusum (2). Zochepa kwambiri. Maluwa ake ndi ang'onoang'ono poyerekeza ndi Indian komanso mawonekedwe abwino. Azalea yaku Japan imathanso kulimidwa ngati chomera chamaluwa.

Ponena za mitundu ya azaleas, imadziwika ndi osonkhanitsa okha: ma azalea osakanizidwa nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa m'masitolo ndi malo ogulitsira, omwe nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa pansi pa dzina la "Azalea white / pinki / red" kapena "Azalea mix", ndipo nthawi zina. mophweka "Azalea indica" . Mitundu ya Azalea imatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi maluwa: koyambirira kwa dzinja kapena pakati pa dzinja - koyambirira kwa masika. Tsoka ilo, ndizokayikitsa kuti mutha kudziwa zambiri ngati mukugula azalea m'sitolo - mawonekedwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana (ndipo nthawi yomweyo dzina lake) amatha kupezeka pogula mbewu kuchokera kwa wokhometsa.

Mwa mitundu yakale, yotchuka kwambiri ndi (3):

  • Adventsglocken (Adventsglocken) - mitundu yayitali (45 - 50 cm) yokhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu osawirikiza (6 - 8 cm) omwe amakhala pamtengo mpaka masiku 20;
  • Verveniana (Vervaeneana) - mitundu yayitali yokhala ndi maluwa akulu awiri (8 - 8,5 cm) amtundu wa pinki wokhala ndi malire oyera m'mphepete mwa pamakhala, maluwa kwa masiku 190;
  • Max Schemes (Max Schäme) - wamtali, wokhala ndi maluwa awiri okhala ndi mainchesi 8 - 8,5 cm, masamba amtundu wa salimoni omwe amakhala ndi malata kwambiri m'mphepete, amamasula kwa masiku 130;
  • Niobe woyera (Niobealba) - wamtali (45 - 60 cm), azalea wotambalala wokhala ndi maluwa oyera awiri okhala ndi mainchesi 8 - 9 cm, amamasula kwa masiku 80;
  • chisanu (Schnee) - mitundu yayitali yokhala ndi maluwa oyera owirikiza kawiri, imamasula kwa masiku 130.

Kusamalira Azalea kunyumba

Azalea ndi chomera chosasinthika, chomwe chimafunikira pakukula. Izi ndichifukwa choti m'chilengedwe, azaleas amakokera kumadera ozizira amapiri ndi mitundu ina ya dothi (4).

Ground

Nthaka ya chipinda cha azalea iyenera kukhala acidic; m'nthaka yopanda ndale komanso yamchere, mbewuyo imadwala ndipo imatha kufa. Pazosakaniza zadothi zomwe zapangidwa kale, zapadera zokha ndizoyenera kwa iye - azaleas, rhododendrons, camellias ndi heather.

Olima maluwa odziwa bwino amakonzekera nthaka ya azaleas paokha, koma kwa amateurs ndizovuta, komanso, ndi njira iyi, ndizovuta kusunga acidity yoyenera yomwe mbewuyo imafunikira.

Kuunikira

Azaleas a m'nyumba amakonda kuwala kowala, kukula kwawo kumaletsedwa padzuwa lolunjika, ndipo masamba ndi maluwa amatha kuwotchedwa. Ndizotheka kukulitsa chipinda cha azalea mumthunzi pang'ono, koma nthawi yozizira, nthawi yamaluwa ndi maluwa, azalea angafunikire kuwonjezeredwa ndi phytolamp.

kutentha

Chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu pakusamalira azalea m'nyumba ndikuzipatsa kutentha koyenera. Azaleas ndi okonda kuzizira, kutentha kwabwino kwa iwo kunja kwa nthawi yamaluwa ndi 15 - 18 ° C, ndipo maluwa obiriwira nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa ndikuchepetsa kutentha pakupanga masamba mpaka 10 - 12 ° C.

Azalea m'nyumba samalekerera kutentha kwachilimwe bwino, malire apamwamba omwe amatha kuyikapo ndi pafupifupi 20 ° C. Komanso, kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha kumawononganso mmera, makamaka panthawi yopanga masamba - mumikhalidwe yotere imatha kugwa. ndipo sipadzakhala maluwa.

Zowopsa kwa azaleas komanso kukhala pagulu, komabe, kuwulutsa nthawi ndi nthawi ndikwabwino kwa iye. Mukakulitsa azalea m'nyumba yamzinda, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mutengere nthawi yachilimwe kukhonde lolunjika kumpoto kapena kumadzulo, koma osati kumwera. M'nyengo yozizira, ndi bwino kusunga chomeracho kutali ndi zipangizo zotentha momwe zingathere; zovomerezeka angaperekedwe kwa izo pa insulated glazed khonde ndi zolimbitsa Kutentha. Ngati mumakhala m'nyumba yakumidzi, malo abwino kwambiri a azalea angakhale veranda kapena bwalo lozizira.

chinyezi

Azalea ya m'nyumba imafuna chinyezi chambiri, choncho iyenera kupopera pafupipafupi. Panthawi yamaluwa, izi ziyenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa maluwa amadetsedwa ndi madontho amadzi. Mutha kupopera madzi kuchokera mu botolo lopopera bwino mozungulira mbewuyo, kuyika zotengera zamadzi pafupi ndi apo, kapena kuika mphikawo mu thireyi yokhala ndi sphagnum yonyowa, dongo lokulitsa kapena miyala.

Kuthirira

Kuthirira koyenera ndi vuto lina pakusamalira azalea m'nyumba. Chomeracho chimafuna dothi lonyowa, koma ndi chinyezi chochulukirapo, chimakhudzidwa mwachangu ndi kuvunda kwa mizu. Mpira wadothi uyenera kukhala wonyowa pang'ono nthawi zonse, kuyanika kwake sikuloledwa. Pa maluwa, azalea amafunikira kuthirira kochulukirapo kuposa masiku onse. Pambuyo kuthirira, madzi otsala mu poto amatsanulidwa nthawi yomweyo.

Dothi likauma kapena kutentha kwa chilimwe, chidebe chokhala ndi chipinda cha azalea chimatha kuyikidwa mu beseni lamadzi ozizira kwakanthawi. Alimi ena amaona kuti n'kothandiza kusintha kuthirira pansi kumeneku ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse chaka chonse. Mukamera m'nyumba, ndizothandiza kwambiri kufalitsa ayezi pansi mumphika m'malo mothirira. Azalea imalekerera kuzizira bwino, ndipo pakatentha kwambiri, kuthirira ndi madzi ozizira kumatha kulipira pang'ono chifukwa cha kutentha kwake.

Madzi othirira azalea ayenera kukhala ofewa, okhazikika (osachepera masiku 2-3) - zonyansa zomwe zili m'madzi apampopi zimatha kuwononga mbewuyo. Laimu ndi woopsa kwambiri kwa iye, chifukwa kuthirira ndi madzi a mandimu kumachepetsa acidity ya nthaka. Chomeracho sichimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi klorini. Pafupifupi kamodzi pa masiku 10 - 14, madontho angapo a mandimu amatha kuwonjezeredwa m'madzi kuti azithirira - izi zimathandiza kusunga nthaka yofunikira pH ndipo zimathandiza kuti azalea aziphuka kwambiri.

feteleza

Azaleas amkati ndi oyenera feteleza apadera okha a azaleas, rhododendrons ndi camellias, makamaka mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi. Alimi a Azalea nthawi zina amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wokhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu wambiri komanso nayitrogeni wocheperako panthawi yakuphukira, koma zimakhala zovuta kuti wolima amateur adziwe kuti ndi milingo iti yomwe imayesedwa kuti ndiyolondola, ndiye kuti ndibwino kupeŵa kuyesa.

Kudyetsa

M'chaka ndi chilimwe, feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi kuthirira kamodzi pa sabata pa mlingo womwe wasonyezedwa mu malangizo. M'nyengo yozizira, kuvala pamwamba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri - 1 nthawi mu sabata imodzi.

Kukonza

Kupanga chitsamba chowoneka bwino m'chipinda cha azalea ndikotheka kokha ndi kudulira koyenera.

Azalea atazimiririka, maluwawo ayenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo mphukira zimafupikitsidwa ndi masentimita angapo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kudulira kwaukhondo kwa chitsamba kumachitika: mphukira zonse zouma, zofooka komanso zopanda maluwa zimadulidwa.

Chakumapeto kwa masika - koyambirira kwa chilimwe, mphukira zazing'ono zikawoneka patchire, zimatsina pamwamba. Ndikoyenera kutsina mphukira nthawi yonseyi, mpaka masamba awonekere pachomera. Panthawiyi, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa maonekedwe a mphukira pafupi ndi maluwa ndikuchotsa mosamala. Kutalikitsa maluwa a chipinda cha azalea, maluwa akufota amadulidwa imodzi imodzi.

Kubala azalea m'chipinda kunyumba

M'nyumba azaleas amafalitsidwa ndi theka-lignified cuttings. Sizingatheke nthawi zonse kufalitsa kunyumba: ndondomeko yokha ndi yophweka, koma sikuti nthawi zonse imapereka zotsatira. Zodulidwa zimadulidwa m'chilimwe kuchokera ku mphukira zazing'ono zosachepera miyezi 6, tsinde lake lomwe langoyamba kuwala. Kudula kuyenera kukhala kutalika kwa 7-10 cm ndikukhala ndi masamba angapo. Amadulidwa mosasamala ndi mpeni woyera, wakuthwa, masamba amachotsedwa, ndikusiya ochepa okha pamwamba. M'munsi mwa zodulidwazo ndi ufa ndi Kornevin ndikubzalidwa mozama 2 - 3 masentimita m'nthaka ya azaleas kapena kusakaniza mchenga ndi peat 1: 1. Gawoli ndilonyowa bwino, chidebecho chimakutidwa ndi zinthu zowonekera. ndikusungidwa pamalo otentha pa kutentha kwa 24 - 25 ° C. Masiku angapo aliwonse, kubzala kumawulutsidwa, nthaka imakhala yonyowa, koma osati yonyowa. Maluwa amatha kuwonekera pa zodulidwazo - ziyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo.

Mizu nthawi zambiri imatenga miyezi 1,5 - 2, chizindikiro chakuti izi zachitika ndikuwoneka kwa mphukira zazing'ono. Pambuyo pa mizu, malo ogona amachotsedwa, zodulidwazo zimakula pang'ono ndikukhazikika muzotengera zosiyana.

Chitsamba chokulirapo chamkati cha azalea chitha kufalitsidwa ndikugawikana, koma iyi ndi njira yowopsa kwambiri: mizu ya azalea ndi yofooka komanso yomvera, chifukwa chake chomeracho sichingalole kusokonezedwa.

Chipinda chosinthira Azalea kunyumba

Azaleas am'nyumba amabzalidwa kokha pambuyo pa maluwa, duwa likakhala mu nthawi yabata. Zomera zazing'ono zimafunika kuziika kamodzi pachaka. Akafika zaka 1 - 3, azalea amabzalidwa zaka 4 zilizonse kapena kuchepera.

Chizindikiro chakuti ndi nthawi yoti mubwezere maluwa a azalea ndi mizu yotuluka m'mabowo a mphika kapena yowonekera pamwamba pa nthaka. Ndikofunikira kuyika azalea m'nyumba mosamala kwambiri: monga tanenera kale, mizu ya mbewuyo ndi yofooka komanso yowonongeka mosavuta, ndipo mizu yakeyo ndiyopanda pake ndipo simagona mozama. Mukayika azalea, mpira wadothi sunawonongeke, mizu simasefukira.

Chidebe chatsopano cha azalea chiyenera kukhala chokulirapo pang'ono kuposa chakale (pofika 2 - 3 cm), pansi payenera kuyika ngalande. Azaleas amayikidwa mumphika watsopano kuti khosi la mizu likhale lofanana ndi kale. Nthaka imatsanuliridwa mosamala kwambiri, popanda kugwedeza, koma kukanikiza pang'ono ndi zala zanu.

Pambuyo pa kubzala, azalea amathiriridwa madzi, ngati kuli kofunikira, nthaka imakwezedwa ngati ikhazikika.

Matenda a Azalea

Nkhungu yakuda. Imawonekera mu mawonekedwe a madontho a putrefactive pamasamba ndi mphukira, nthawi zambiri ndi zokutira zotuwa za "velvety". Minofu yokhudzidwayo imafewa ndi kufa, kenaka mbewu yonseyo imafa. Chifukwa cha maonekedwe a imvi zowola ndi kusamalidwa bwino ndi kuthirira kosayenera.

Kuchiza, mbali zonse zowola za mbewu zimachotsedwa, nthaka mumphika imawuma. Ndikofunikira kuchiza chomera ndi dothi ndi mankhwala ophera fungicidal omwe alibe chlorine ndi laimu - izi zitha kukhala Fitosporin-M kapena Fitolavin biologics kapena fungicide yapadziko lonse lapansi, mwachitsanzo, Fundazol (5).

Kuwola kwa mizu. Nthawi zambiri zimawonekera chifukwa chakuthirira kwambiri komanso kusayenda kwamadzi mumphika kapena poto. Masamba amafota muchomera chonsecho, mphukira zake zimakhala zolefuka ndipo zimatha kupachika ndikugona pansi. Zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli zitha kudziwitsidwa ndikuchotsa mbewuyo mumphika: mizu yakuda, yowonda, yotseguka mosavuta imawonekera.

Kuti apulumutse azalea, mizu yotere imachotsedwa, mizu imaviikidwa mu yankho la potaziyamu permanganate kapena kukonzekera kwa fungicidal, kenako mbewuyo imabzalidwa m'nthaka yatsopano. Ngakhale chithandizo chikayambika pa nthawi yake, mwayi wa azalea wopulumuka mizu yowola ndi wochepa.

Zithunzi za Fitoftoroz. Matenda owopsa a chipinda cha azalea, chomwe sichichiritsika nthawi zonse. Zizindikiro zoyamba ndi mawanga abulauni okhala ndi malire opepuka pamasamba. M'kupita kwa nthawi, amawonjezeka, mbali za zomera zimayamba kufa.

Ndizotheka kupulumutsa azalea m'chipinda chomwe chadwala ndi choipitsa mochedwa nthawi zambiri. Kuti muchite izi, madera omwe akhudzidwawo amachotsedwa, mbewuyo imathandizidwa ndi fungicides (Consento, Revus, Ordan (5)) ndikuyika mu dothi latsopano.

Chlorosis. Masamba amasanduka otumbululuka ndi kusanduka mdima poyamba pakati pa mitsempha, ndiyeno mu mbale yonse ya masamba, youma ndi kufa. Chifukwa cha matendawa si matenda, koma osakwanira acidity nthaka. Izi zimachitika, mwachitsanzo, pakuthirira ndi madzi osakhazikika kapena ovuta kwambiri.

Vutoli limathetsedwa powonjezera madzi a mandimu kapena citric acid m'madzi kuti azithirira; Zikavuta kwambiri, mbewuyo iyenera kubzalidwa m'nthaka yatsopano yokhala ndi acidity yokwanira.

Azalea tizilombo

Duwa lamkati la azalea limakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo tomwe timafanana ndi zomera zina zamkati: akangaude, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nsabwe za m'masamba, whiteflies ndi thrips.

Ngati pali tizilombo tochepa, kutsuka chomeracho ndi sopo wobiriwira kumathandiza, nthawi zambiri, mungagwiritse ntchito sopo wapakhomo. Ndondomeko akubwerezedwa 2-3 nthawi ndi imeneyi kwa masiku angapo.

Zikawonongeka kwambiri ndi nsabwe za m'masamba kapena zoyera, mbewuyo imatha kuthandizidwa ndi Actellik kapena Fitoverm; Aktara amalimbikitsidwa kwa akangaude, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi ma thrips (5). Ngati azalea akuphuka panthawiyi, maluwawo ayenera kuperekedwa nsembe: atatha kupopera mankhwala ndi kukonzekera, adzataya kukongoletsa kwawo.

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

Tinakambirana za kukula azaleas ndi Agronomist-woweta Svetlana Mikhailova.

Momwe mungasankhire azalea m'nyumba?
Yang'anani chomeracho: chikuyenera kukhala ndi zobiriwira zotanuka popanda zizindikiro za kufota ndi kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo. Nthaka mumphika iyenera kukhala yonyowa, koma osati yonyowa. Dothi louma lomwe likutsalira kumbuyo kwa makoma a mphika ndi chizindikiro cha kuyanika; Simuyeneranso kutenga mbewu yoteroyo. Chitsamba cha azalea chiyenera kukhala ndi mphukira zolimba, ngati chomeracho ndi chaching'ono kwambiri ndipo mphukira ndizochepa thupi, azalea nthawi zambiri imakhala yofowoka ndipo sichidzapulumuka.
Ndi mphika wamtundu wanji womwe umafunikira azaleas?
Azaleas safuna mphika waukulu, kukula kwake kwakukulu ndi 3 cm kuposa muzu. Mizu ya azaleas ndi yachiphamaso, choncho mphika uyenera kukhala wosazama. Mabowo otayira amafunikira pansi. Chinthu chabwino kwambiri champhika ndi dongo, chifukwa mizu imatha kuzizira kwambiri kapena kutenthedwa mupulasitiki.
Chifukwa chiyani Azalea sichimaphuka?
Zomwe zimayambitsa ndizotentha kwambiri komanso kuthirira kosayenera. M'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa mpweya (pamwamba pa 20 ° C), masamba sangathe kuikidwa konse, ndipo kuthirira kwakukulu kapena kosakwanira kumawonedwa ndi chomera ngati kupsinjika kosalekeza, komwe sikumaphatikizapo maluwa.
Chifukwa chiyani azalea amasiya masamba ake?
Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chake chimakhalanso kuthirira: mukawotcha, azalea imatha kutaya masamba ndi masamba. Momwemonso, imakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, alkalization ya nthaka ndi kudya kosayenera. Ngati chomeracho chili ndi thanzi ndipo palibe tizilombo towononga, ndiye chifukwa cha kutayika kwa masamba ndi chisamaliro chosayenera.

Magwero a

  1. Rhododendron simsii // The Plant List http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2427105
  2. Rhododendron obtusum // The Plant List http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-12303064
  3. Visyashcheva LV, Sokolova TA Industrial floriculture. Buku la masukulu aukadaulo // M.: Agropromizdat, 1991 - 368 p.
  4. Azalea Society of America https://www.azaleas.org/
  5. Gulu la boma la mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi agrochemicals omwe avomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'gawo la Federation kuyambira pa Julayi 6, 2021 // Unduna wa Zaulimi wa Federation https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/

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