Mtengo wa thanzi komanso kapangidwe ka mankhwala.
Zakudya zabwino | kuchuluka | Zachikhalidwe ** | % yazizolowezi mu 100 g | % ya zachilendo mu 100 kcal | 100% yachibadwa |
Mtengo wa calorie | Tsamba 67 | Tsamba 1684 | 4% | 6% | 2513 ga |
Mapuloteni | 0.5 ga | 76 ga | 0.7% | 1% | 15200 ga |
mafuta | 0.4 ga | 56 ga | 0.7% | 1% | 14000 ga |
Zakudya | 15.3 ga | 219 ga | 7% | 10.4% | 1431 ga |
zidulo zamagulu | 0.1 ga | ~ | |||
CHIKWANGWANI chamagulu | 1.6 ga | 20 ga | 8% | 11.9% | 1250 ga |
Water | 81.5 ga | 2273 ga | 3.6% | 5.4% | 2789 ga |
ash | 0.6 ga | ~ | |||
mavitamini | |||||
Vitamini A, RE | Makilogalamu 200 | Makilogalamu 900 | 22.2% | 33.1% | 450 ga |
beta carotenes | 1.2 mg | 5 mg | 24% | 35.8% | 417 ga |
Vitamini B1, thiamine | 0.02 mg | 1.5 mg | 1.3% | 1.9% | 7500 ga |
Vitamini B2, riboflavin | 0.03 mg | 1.8 mg | 1.7% | 2.5% | 6000 ga |
Vitamini B4, choline | 7.6 mg | 500 mg | 1.5% | 2.2% | 6579 ga |
Vitamini B5, pantothenic | 7.6 mg | 5 mg | 152% | 226.9% | 66 ga |
Vitamini B6, pyridoxine | 0.1 mg | 2 mg | 5% | 7.5% | 2000 ga |
Vitamini B9, folate | Makilogalamu 8 | Makilogalamu 400 | 2% | 3% | 5000 ga |
Vitamini C, ascorbic | 15 mg | 90 mg | 16.7% | 24.9% | 600 ga |
Vitamini E, alpha tocopherol, TE | 0.5 mg | 15 mg | 3.3% | 4.9% | 3000 ga |
Vitamini H, biotin | Makilogalamu 7.5 | Makilogalamu 50 | 15% | 22.4% | 667 ga |
Vitamini K, phylloquinone | Makilogalamu 2.6 | Makilogalamu 120 | 2.2% | 3.3% | 4615 ga |
Vitamini PP, NO | 0.3 mg | 20 mg | 1.5% | 2.2% | 6667 ga |
niacin | 0.2 mg | ~ | |||
Ma Macronutrients | |||||
Potaziyamu, K | 200 mg | 2500 mg | 8% | 11.9% | 1250 ga |
Calcium, CA | 127 mg | 1000 mg | 12.7% | 19% | 787 ga |
Mankhwala a magnesium, mg | 56 mg | 400 mg | 14% | 20.9% | 714 ga |
Sodium, Na | 15 mg | 1300 mg | 1.2% | 1.8% | 8667 ga |
Sulufule, S | 5.8 mg | 1000 mg | 0.6% | 0.9% | 17241 ga |
Phosphorus, P. | 42 mg | 800 mg | 5.3% | 7.9% | 1905 ga |
Mankhwala, Cl | 23.6 mg | 2300 mg | 1% | 1.5% | 9746 ga |
Tsatani Zinthu | |||||
Zotayidwa, Al | Makilogalamu 470.9 | ~ | |||
Wopanga, B. | Makilogalamu 2.2 | ~ | |||
Vanadium, V | Makilogalamu 6.5 | ~ | |||
Iron, Faith | 2.5 mg | 18 mg | 13.9% | 20.7% | 720 ga |
Ayodini, ine | Makilogalamu 60 | Makilogalamu 150 | 40% | 59.7% | 250 ga |
Cobalt, Co. | Makilogalamu 3.64 | Makilogalamu 10 | 36.4% | 54.3% | 275 ga |
Lifiyamu, Li | Makilogalamu 28.1 | ~ | |||
Manganese, Mn | 0.355 mg | 2 mg | 17.8% | 26.6% | 563 ga |
Mkuwa, Cu | Makilogalamu 113 | Makilogalamu 1000 | 11.3% | 16.9% | 885 ga |
Mzinda wa Molybdenum, Mo. | Makilogalamu 10.5 | Makilogalamu 70 | 15% | 22.4% | 667 ga |
Nickel, ndi | Makilogalamu 12.9 | ~ | |||
Rubidium, Rb | Makilogalamu 63 | ~ | |||
Selenium, Ngati | Makilogalamu 0.6 | Makilogalamu 55 | 1.1% | 1.6% | 9167 ga |
Olimba, Sr. | Makilogalamu 40 | ~ | |||
Zamadzimadzi, F | Makilogalamu 105.3 | Makilogalamu 4000 | 2.6% | 3.9% | 3799 ga |
Chrome, Kr | Makilogalamu 7.9 | Makilogalamu 50 | 15.8% | 23.6% | 633 ga |
Nthaka, Zn | 0.11 mg | 12 mg | 0.9% | 1.3% | 10909 ga |
Zirconium, Zr | Makilogalamu 75.7 | ~ | |||
Zakudya zam'mimba | |||||
Mono- ndi disaccharides (shuga) | 15.3 ga | maulendo 100 г | |||
Mafuta okhutira | |||||
Mafuta okhutira | 0.1 ga | maulendo 18.7 г | |||
Mafuta a Polyunsaturated acids | |||||
Omega-3 mafuta acids | 0.004 ga | kuchokera 0.9 mpaka 3.7 | 0.4% | 0.6% | |
Omega-6 mafuta acids | 0.039 ga | kuchokera 4.7 mpaka 16.8 | 0.8% | 1.2% |
Mphamvu ndi 67 kcal.
- Chidutswa = 85 gr (57 kcal)
- vitamini A imayambitsa chitukuko chabwinobwino, ntchito yobereka, khungu ndi maso, komanso kuteteza chitetezo chamthupi.
- B-carotene ndi provitamin A ndipo ali ndi zida za antioxidant. 6 mcg wa beta-carotene ndi wofanana ndi 1 mcg wa vitamini A.
- vitamini B5 nawo mapuloteni, mafuta, zimam'patsa kagayidwe, mafuta m'thupi kagayidwe, synthesis wa mahomoni angapo, hemoglobin, amalimbikitsa mayamwidwe amino zidulo ndi shuga mu intestine, amathandiza ntchito ya adrenal kotekisi. Kuperewera kwa asidi wa pantothenic kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka pakhungu ndi mamina.
- vitamini C amatenga nawo mbali pakuchita redox, magwiridwe antchito amthupi, amalimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa chitsulo. Kulephera kumabweretsa kutuluka kwa magazi m'kamwa, kutuluka magazi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kuperewera kwa magazi komanso kufooka kwa ma capillaries amwazi.
- Vitamini H. nawo synthesis wa mafuta, glycogen, ndi kagayidwe wa amino zidulo. Kudya mavitamini osakwanira kumatha kubweretsa kusokonezeka kwa khungu.
- kashiamu ndiye gawo lalikulu la mafupa athu, amakhala ngati wolamulira wamanjenje, amatenga nawo gawo pakumapindika kwa minofu. Kulephera kwa calcium kumabweretsa demineralization ya msana, mafupa amchiuno ndi kumapeto kwenikweni, kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kufooka kwa mafupa.
- mankhwala enaake a amatenga nawo gawo pamagetsi amagetsi, kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni, ma acid a nucleic, ali ndi mphamvu zolimba pakhungu, ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi calcium home, potaziyamu ndi sodium. Kuperewera kwa magnesium kumabweretsa hypomagnesemia, chiopsezo chowonjezeka chokhala ndi matenda oopsa, matenda amtima.
- Iron ndi gawo la mapuloteni azinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza michere. Nawo nawo mayendedwe ma elekitironi, mpweya, zipangitsa njira ya redox zimachitikira ndi kutsegula kwa peroxidation. Kusakwanira kumwa kumabweretsa hypochromic magazi m'thupi, myoglobin-atony wopanda mafupa a mafupa, kuwonjezeka kutopa, myocardiopathy, atrophic gastritis.
- Iodini amachita nawo ntchito ya chithokomiro, ndikupanga mapangidwe a mahomoni (thyroxine ndi triiodothyronine). Ndikofunikira pakukula ndi kusiyanitsa maselo amitundu yonse ya thupi la munthu, kupuma kwa mitochondrial, kuwongolera transmembrane sodium ndi mayendedwe a mahomoni. Kudya kosakwanira kumabweretsa chiwopsezo chakumapeto kwa hypothyroidism ndikuchepetsa kagayidwe kake, kupsinjika kwa magazi, kuchepa kwamankhwala komanso kukula kwa ana.
- Cobalt ndi gawo la vitamini B12. Amayambitsa ma enzyme a fatty acid metabolism ndi folic acid metabolism.
- Manganese amatenga nawo mbali pakupanga mafupa ndi mafupa olumikizana, ndi gawo la michere yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi kagayidwe kake ka amino acid, chakudya, catecholamines; zofunika pakuphatikizira kwa cholesterol ndi ma nucleotide. Kulephera kudya limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa kukula, kusokonekera kwa ziwalo zoberekera, kuwonjezeka kwa mafupa a mafupa, kusokonekera kwa ma carbohydrate ndi lipid metabolism.
- Mkuwa ndi gawo la michere yokhala ndi ntchito ya redox komanso yokhudzana ndi kagayidwe kazitsulo, imathandizira kuyamwa kwa mapuloteni ndi chakudya. Amachita nawo njira zopezera mpweya wamthupi la munthu. Kuperewera kumawonetsedwa ndi zovuta pakupanga kwamitsempha yam'mimba ndi mafupa, kukula kwa mafinya a dysplasia.
- Molybdenum ndi cofactor wa michere yambiri yomwe imapatsa mphamvu kupangika kwa sulfure wokhala ndi amino acid, purines ndi pyrimidines.
- Chrome amatenga nawo gawo paziweto zamagazi, zomwe zimakulitsa mphamvu ya insulin. Kulephera kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa kulolerana kwa shuga.
Mtengo wamagetsi, kapena zopatsa kalori Ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'thupi la munthu kuchokera ku chakudya panthawi ya chimbudzi. Mphamvu yamphamvu ya chinthu imayesedwa mu kilocalories (kcal) kapena kilojoules (kJ) pa 100 magalamu. mankhwala. Kilocalorie yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya chakudya imatchedwanso "calorie yachakudya," chifukwa chake mawu oyambira pa kilo nthawi zambiri samasiyidwa akamanena zopatsa mphamvu mu (kilo) zopatsa mphamvu. Mutha kuwona matebulo atsatanetsatane amagetsi pazinthu zaku Russia.
Mtengo wa zakudya - zili ndi chakudya, mafuta ndi mapuloteni.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi - gulu lazinthu zopangira chakudya, pamaso pazomwe thupi limakwaniritsa zosowa zamunthu ndi mphamvu.
mavitamini, zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zimafunikira pang'ono pang'ono pazakudya za anthu komanso zinyama zambiri. Mavitamini nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zomera m'malo mwa nyama. Chosowa cha anthu tsiku ndi tsiku cha mavitamini ndi mamiligalamu ochepa kapena ma micrograms ochepa. Mosiyana ndi zinthu zopanda pake, mavitamini amawonongeka ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Mavitamini ambiri amakhala osakhazikika komanso "amatayika" pophika kapena pokonza chakudya.
Hi,
munganditumizireko gwero la mfundozo?
- Mankhwala amtundu wazakudya: Matebulo ofotokozera zomwe zili muzakudya zofunika komanso kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwazakudya. Buku. Ine: / Ed. IM Skurikhin ndi MN Volgarev. - 2nd ed., yosinthidwa. ndi zina - M.: Agropromizdat, 1987;
- Kapangidwe kakemidwe kazakudya: Zolozera zomwe zili mu amino zidulo, mafuta zidulo, mavitamini, ma microelements ndi ma macro, ma organic acid ndi ma carbohydrate. Buku. II: / Ed. IM Skurikhin ndi MN Volgarev. - 2nd ed., yosinthidwa. ndi zina - M.: Agropromizdat, 1987.
- USDA