Zamkatimu
Oncologist amapereka upangiri wa momwe mungaphonye matenda owopsa.
Nkhani yoti mlengi wodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi a Valentin Yudashkin akhala akulimbana ndi khansa kwazaka zingapo posachedwapa zagunda m'ma TV. Malinga ndi a couturier, nthawi zonse amayesetsa kukhala ndi chidwi ndi thanzi lawo ndipo amayesedwa mayeso oteteza chaka chilichonse. Mu 2016, Valentin sanathe kupitanso cheke china - pomwe zotsatira zake ziziwonetsa kuti ali ndi khansa. Osaphonya khansa bwanji? Maxim Astrakhantsev, oncologist-chemotherapist wa feduro network ya akatswiri oncology zipatala "Euroonco", adayankha funso ili mwatsatanetsatane, ndipo adalankhulanso pazomwe zimayambitsa, zizindikiro ndi njira zochizira matendawa.
Dokotala-oncologist-chemotherapist wa feduro network ya akatswiri azipatala za oncology "Euroonco"
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a khansa
Kukula kwa chotupa chilichonse kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa DNA ndipo, chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe am'magazi amtundu wina. Zambirimbiri zimakhudza munthu aliyense tsiku lililonse. Mphamvu yawo imatha kusintha ma DNA am'maselo, chifukwa chake amatha kulamulira thupi. Atakhala ndi kuwonongeka kochuluka, maselo amakhala owopsa, ndiye kuti, amapeza zinthu zomwe sizingafanane ndi nyumba zathanzi.
Nchiyani chimakhudza kusintha kumeneku? Chomwe chimayambitsa sichingadziwike. Koma chifukwa cha matenda ambiri a khansa, kuphatikiza zinthu zingapo kumakhala chofunikira:
Zizolowezi zoipa. Mwachitsanzo, zakumwa zoledzeretsa zimakhala ndi ethanol, yomwe imawononga maselo amthupi. Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso kumayambitsa matenda a chiwindi, ndipo nthawi zambiri izi zimayambitsa kukula kwa zotupa m'chiwindi. Utsi wa ndudu umakhala ndi carbon monoxide, beryllium, nickel, ndi mankhwala ena owopsa omwe angathandizenso kusintha kwamaselo am'magazi.
Matenda osachiritsika Potsutsana ndi kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, komwe kumawonedwa ndi matenda ambiri, chitetezo cha anticancer chimafooka. Maselo omwe asinthidwa amagawika ndikupanga mawonekedwe am'magazi. Matenda ena amakhudza mwachindunji mwayi wokhala ndi khansa. Matenda a chiwindi limodzi ndi kukula kwa maselo, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi chiwindi cha khansa.
Kukhala moyo wosadzikonda. Kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumapangitsa kuti thupi likhale locheperako ndipo kumatha kubweretsa kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi khansa. Moyo wokhala chete umasokonezanso kuthekera kwa thupi kukana matenda, zotupa, mawonekedwe a zotupa zoyipa komanso zoyipa.
Zinthu zachilengedwe. Tikulankhula za zonse zomwe zimawonetsedwa ndi chilengedwe chodetsedwa ndikugwira ntchito m'mafakitale owopsa okhudzana ndi radiation, fumbi kapena kupuma kwa mankhwala.
Kusokonezeka maganizo. Pakokha, khansa siyimayambitsa kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe, koma panthawi yamavuto amanjenje, chitetezo chimachepa kwambiri. Munthawi imeneyi, thupi limatulutsa timadzi totchedwa cortisol, tomwe timafoola thupi kuwononga maselo abwinobwino.
Zaka. Ichi ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwamatenda a khansa. Mukamakalamba, pamakhala zoopsa zambiri komanso zizolowezi zoyipa. Avereji ya zaka za odwala panthawi yomwe amapezeka ndi khansa ndi zaka 66.
Zizindikiro za kudwala
Kwa nthawi yayitali, khansa imatha kukhala popanda zizindikilo, koma sizikhala choncho nthawi zonse. Nthawi zonse, "zisonyezo" za matendawa zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zosonyeza kusokonezeka kwa kagwiritsidwe ka thupi, kuphatikizapo kukula kwa chotupa. Mwachitsanzo, kuonda popanda chifukwa, kusowa njala и kufooka kwowonjezereka ngakhale kuchokera kuzinthu zanthawi zonse komanso zosavuta. Ndizosatheka kumvetsetsa momveka bwino pamazizindikiro, chifukwa amatha kuwonetsa matenda osiyanasiyana.
Gulu lachiwiri limaphatikizapo zikwangwani zomwe zingasonyeze kutukusira kwamatenda. Mwachitsanzo, kupweteka mutu, kufooka m'malo ena amthupi, kusokonezeka kwa mayankhulidwe, komanso kusagwirizana nthawi zambiri zimakhala zizindikiro zotupa zoyipa muubongo… Zizindikiro monga kusowa kwa njala, nseru, kuonda и kuwawa kwam'mimba Zitha kuwonetsa kukula kwa chotupa m'chiwalo ichi kapena kapamba.
Mukawona kusintha kwazomwe mukukumana nazo, tikukulimbikitsani kuti musachedwe kupita kwa dokotala, chifukwa ndi nthawi yake yomwe imatsimikizira zotsatira za matendawa.
Kuchiza Khansa
1. Mayeso apachaka oteteza mkati mwa chimango cha kuyezetsa kuchipatala… Ntchito yofufuza zachipatala ndi kupeza matenda omwe munthu sangakhale nawo.
Dongosolo loyesa zamankhwala limaphatikizapo kuyesa magazi ndi mkodzo, fluorography ndi X-ray pachifuwa, komanso ultrasound yamimba yam'mimba. Pambuyo pazaka 30, kupita pachaka kwa azachipatala komanso mammologist ndizovomerezeka kwa amayi, komanso urologist kwa amuna. Pambuyo pa zaka 40, m'pofunika kuwonjezera pa gastroscopy ndi colonoscopy. Kuvuta kwa mayeso awa kumapangitsa kuti azindikire zotupa zambiri zoyipa kumayambiriro.
2. Zofunikanso chimodzimodzi moyo… Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono pang'ono ndikuyenda panja kwa mphindi zosachepera 30 patsiku.
3. Khalani anu kulemera mkati mwa malire wamba kuchuluka kwa thupi, kutsatira mfundo za zakudya zabwino.
4. Siyani zizolowezi zoipa.
5. Pewani zochitika zovuta.
Njira zothetsera matenda
Kulandira matenda a khansa sikophweka, koma ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti oncologist wabwino ndiye amene adzakutsogolereni paumoyo wanu. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala akukula mwachangu, ngati chotupacho chitha kudziwika koyambirira, mwayi wokhululukidwa ndi woposa 95%.
Mankhwala akulu a khansa amaphatikizapo opaleshoni, mankhwala a radiation, ndi chemotherapy. Komanso munkhokwe ya madokotala m'zaka zaposachedwa, njira zotere monga chithandizo chamankhwala cholimbana ndi chitetezo cha mthupi zawonekeranso. Mankhwala oyang'aniridwa amalepheretsa mapuloteni ena omwe amafunikira kuti akule chotupa, potero amachepetsa kapena kuyimitsa chotupacho. Immunotherapy imathandiza wodwala kulimbana ndi maselo a khansa popanga "katemera" wake motsutsana ndi maselo abwinobwino. Kuphatikiza pakupanga njira zatsopano, asayansi amayang'anira kwambiri kukonza zomwe zidalipo.
Njira iliyonse ili ndi zabwino zake ndi zovuta zake, chifukwa chake, kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zabwino zamankhwala, njira yophatikizira imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti, kuphatikiza njira zingapo.
Zambiri zothandiza pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya oncology:
Chifukwa chiyani khansa yamchiberekero ndi yoopsa komanso momwe ingachiritsidwire, yang'anani apa;
Zonse pazomwe zimayambitsa, zizindikiro komanso kupewa khansa yamapapo - apa;
Chilichonse chomwe muyenera kudziwa za khansa ya chithokomiro chafika;
Chifukwa chovutikira m'khwapa ndi chizindikiro chowopsa kwa amayi - apa;
Nthawi yosonyeza zodalira kwa dokotala - apa.
Sources:
1. Maxim Astrakhantsev, oncologist-chemotherapist wa feduro network ya akatswiri azachipatala a oncology .