Le shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amapezeka pamene thupi limalephera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino shuga (glucose), yomwe ndi "mafuta" ofunikira kuti agwire ntchito. Glucose, osayamwa bwino ndi maselo, kenako amawunjikana m'magazi kenako amatulutsidwa mumkodzo. Kukwera modabwitsa kwa glucose m'magazi kumatchedwa hyperglycemia. Pakapita nthawi, zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta m'maso, impso, mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi.

Matenda a shuga amatha chifukwa cha kulephera, pang'ono kapena kwathunthu, kwa matenda ashuga kapamba kupanga insulin, yomwe ndi timadzi tofunikira kuti mayamwidwe a glucose ndi maselo. Zitha kuchitikanso chifukwa cha kulephera kwa ma cell omwe amagwiritsa ntchito insulin kuti atenge glucose. Muzochitika zonsezi, maselo akulandidwa chachikulu chawo gwero la mphamvu, izo mosapeŵeka zimatsatira zofunika zokhudza thupi, monga kutopa kwambiri kapena machiritso mavuto mwachitsanzo.

Le shuga zimachokera ku 2 magwero: zakudya wolemera muzakudya zomwe zimadyedwa komanso chiwindi (yomwe imasunga glucose mukatha kudya ndikuitulutsa m'magazi ngati pakufunika). Akatulutsidwa m'chakudya ndi kugaya chakudya, glucose amapita m'magazi. Kuti maselo a thupi agwiritse ntchito gwero lofunikira la mphamvu, amafunikira kulowererapo insulin.

Mitundu yayikulu ya shuga

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za mitundu ya shuga (zizindikiro, kupewa, chithandizo chamankhwala, ndi zina zotero), funsani mapepala omwe aperekedwa kwa iwo.

• Type 1 shuga. Amatchedwanso “shuga insulinodependant "(DID) kapena" shuga achinyamata Type 1 shuga mellitus imachitika pamene kapamba sapanganso kapena sapanga insulin yokwanira. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuukira kwa ma virus kapena poizoni, kapena chifukwa cha autoimmune reaction yomwe imawononga ma cell a beta mu kapamba, omwe amachititsa kuti insulin ipangidwe. Matenda a shuga amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amakhudza ana ndi achikulire, ngakhale kuti anthu akuluakulu akuwoneka kuti akuchulukirachulukira. Zimakhudza pafupifupi 10% ya odwala matenda ashuga.
• Type 2 shuga. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "shuga wosadalira insulin" kapena "shuga shuga". wa wamkulu Type 2 shuga mellitus imadziwika kuti thupi silimva insulin. Vutoli nthawi zambiri limapezeka mwa anthu opitilira zaka 45, koma chiwopsezo chikukula kwambiri mwa achinyamata. Matenda a shuga amtunduwu, omwe amapezeka kwambiri, amakhudza pafupifupi 90% ya odwala matenda ashuga.
• Matenda a shuga a Gestational. Imatanthawuza ngati matenda aliwonse a shuga kapena kusalolera kwa glucose komwe kumawonekera panthawiyi pregnancy, nthawi zambiri mu 2^e kapena 3^e trimester. Nthawi zambiri, matenda a shuga a gestational amangokhalitsa ndipo amatha atangobereka kumene.

Palinso mtundu wina wa matenda a shuga wotchedwa matenda ashuga. Ndi matenda osowa kwambiri omwe amayamba chifukwa chosakwanira kupanga kwa antidiuretic hormone ndi pituitary gland yotchedwa "vasopressin". Matenda a shuga insipidus amatsagana ndi kuchuluka kwa mkodzo, pomwe shuga wamagazi amakhalabe wabwinobwino. Kotero, izo ziribe kanthu kochita ndi shuga shuga. Imatchedwa "shuga" insipidus chifukwa, monga mu shuga mellitus, mkodzo umayenda mochuluka. Komabe, mkodzo ndi wosakoma osati wotsekemera. (Mawuwa amachokera ku njira zakale zowunikira: kulawa kwa mkodzo!)

Matenda a shuga, ochulukirachulukira

Ngakhale kuti chibadwa chimakhala ndi gawo pakuyamba kwake, kufalikira kwachulukirachulukira shuga kuchakudya ndi njira ya moyo zomwe zili zofala Kumadzulo: shuga wambiri woyengedwa, mafuta odzaza ndi nyama, kusowa kwa fiber zakudya, kulemera kwakukulu, kusowa kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi. Pamene zizindikirozi zikuchulukirachulukira mu chiwerengero cha anthu, m'pamenenso matenda a shuga amachulukirachulukira.

Malinga ndiPublic Health Agency ku Canada, mu lipoti lofalitsidwa mu 2008-09, anthu 2,4 miliyoni a ku Canada anapezeka ndi matenda a shuga (6,8%), kuphatikizapo 1,2 miliyoni a zaka zapakati pa 25 ndi 64.

Njirayi ikuwoneka kuti ndi yowona powerenga za kuchuluka kwa matendawa m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene: popeza zigawo zazikulu za anthu zimatengera chakudya Ndi chimodzi njira ya moyo mofanana ndi athu, chiwerengero cha matenda a shuga, mtundu 1 ndi mtundu wa 2, chikuwonjezeka¹.

Zovuta zomwe zingayambitse matenda a shuga

M'kupita kwa nthawi, anthu odwala matenda a shuga omwe sangathe kuwongolera bwino matenda awo amakhala pachiwopsezo chokumana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana, makamaka chifukwa cha hyperglycemia Kutalika kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa minofu m'magazi a capillaries ndi minyewa, komanso kuchepa kwa mitsempha. Mavutowa samakhudza onse odwala matenda a shuga, ndipo akatero, amakhala mosiyanasiyana. Kuti mumve zambiri, onani tsamba lathu la Complications of Diabetes.

Kuphatikiza pa izi mavuto aakuluMatenda a shuga osayendetsedwa bwino (mwachitsanzo, kuiwala, kuwerengera molakwika kwa mlingo wa insulin, kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa insulini chifukwa cha matenda kapena kupsinjika, ndi zina). zovuta zamadzi otsatirawa:

Matenda a shuga ketoacidosis

Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chingathe kukhala chakupha. Kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga mtundu 1 osalandira chithandizo chokwanira (monga kusowa kwa insulin), shuga amakhalabe m'magazi ndipo sapezekanso kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gwero lamphamvu. (Izi zikhoza kuchitikanso mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri omwe amathandizidwa ndi insulini.) Choncho thupi liyenera kusintha shuga ndi mafuta ena: mafuta acids. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta acids kumapanga matupi a ketone omwe, nawonso, amawonjezera acidity m'thupi.

Zizindikiro: kupuma kwa zipatso, kusowa madzi m'thupi, nseru, kusanza komanso kupweteka m'mimba. Ngati palibe amene angalowerere, kupuma kovuta, kusokonezeka, kukomoka, ndi kufa kumatha kuchitika.

Momwe mungadziwire: shuga wambiri m'magazi, nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 20 mmol / l (360 mg / dl) ndipo nthawi zina kuposa.

Zoyenera kuchita : Ngati ketoacidosis yapezeka, pitani ku ntchito yapadera chipatala ndipo funsani dokotala pambuyo pake kuti musinthe mankhwala.

Dziko la Hyperosmolar

pamene Tani mtundu wa 2 shuga Ngati simunalandire chithandizo, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome imatha kuchitika. Izi ndi zenizeni kuchipatala amene ali chakupha mu milandu yopitilira 50%. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kupitilira 33 mmol / l (600 mg / dl).

Zizindikiro: kuchulukitsa kukodza, ludzu lokwanira komanso zizindikiro zina zakusowa madzi m'thupi (kuwonda, kuchepa kwa khungu, khungu lowuma, kuchuluka kwa kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi).

Momwe mungadziwire: shuga wamagazi opitilira 33 mmol / l (600 mg / dl).

Zoyenera kuchita : Ngati hyperosmolar state ipezeka, pitani ku ntchito yapadera chipatala ndipo funsani dokotala pambuyo pake kuti musinthe mankhwala.