Zamkatimu
Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe mungachite kunyumba. Kubereka, mwachitsanzo, phunziro lamakono kwambiri. Phunzitsaninso ana anu, monga momwe anafotokozera mufilimu yabwino kwambiri yotchedwa "Kukhala ndi Kukhala" yomwe idzatulutsidwa m'mabwalo owonetserako Meyi wamawa. Motsogozedwa ndi Clara Bellar, wochita masewero, woimba, zolemba izi zikufotokoza zomwe zinachitikira mabanja achi French, American, English kapena German omwe asankha kuti asatumize ana awo kusukulu. Makolo amenewa amachita maphunziro a m’banja, osati kusukulu. Kusiyana kwake ? Satsatira pulogalamu iliyonse yovomerezeka, samakakamiza ana awo nthawi yophunzira, osasintha kukhala aphunzitsi. Palibe maphunziro akunja omwe amakakamizidwa kwa mwanayo. Ndi iye amene adaganiza zophunzira kuwerenga, kukhala ndi chidwi ndi masamu, kukulitsa chidziwitso chake cha mbiri yakale ndi geography. Mkhalidwe uliwonse wa tsiku ndi tsiku umawoneka ngati mwayi wophunzira.
Ufulu ku kudyetsa mokakamiza
Mdani ndi kukakamiza-kudya, kukakamizidwa, sukulu. Mawu ofunikira omwe amatsimikizira filimuyi ndi: ufulu, kudziyimira pawokha, chikhumbo, chilimbikitso, kukwaniritsidwa. Zachidziwikire, amatchulidwa kangapo ku bukhu lodziwika bwino la maphunziro ena azaka za m'ma 70, "Ana Aulere a Summerhill". Woyang’anirayo anagwira mawu wofufuza wina wa ku Britain wa sayansi ya zamaphunziro, Roland Meighan kuti: “Tidzayenera kuthetsa ulamuliro ndi kuyenda kosalekeza kwa chiphunzitso chosapemphedwa. Kudzakhala koyenera kuzindikira kuti, mu demokalase, kuphunzira movutikira kumatanthauza kuphunzitsidwa, komanso kuti maphunziro atha kukhala kuphunzira mwa kuyitanidwa ndi kusankha. »
Si mabanja onse omwe ali okonzeka kuphunzira
Chitsanzo cha maphunziro ichi chimadzutsa, ndipo izi ndi zachilendo, zodabwitsa, kusakhulupirirana komanso kudzudzula mwamphamvu. Maphunziro a kunyumba ndi nkhani ya anthu nthawi zonse chifukwa amathandizira kuwongolera magulu. Tikudziwanso kuti gwero loyamba la ngozi kwa mwana mwatsoka, nthawi zambiri, banja lake, ngakhale palibe chifukwa chomwe kuzunzidwa kumakhala kofala pakati pa "osaphunzira" kusiyana ndi ana. ena. Izo zikhoza kukhala zosazindikirika. Timapezanso kumbuyo m'nkhani ya pro "maphunziro abanja" lingaliro lakuti sukulu ndi chida chaukapolo wa anthu omwe alibe cholinga china koma kupanga nzika zodekha. Chiphunzitso ichi cha sukulu yolandidwa yomwe ikufuna kulanda makolo udindo wawo monga aphunzitsi pakali pano ikusangalala kwambiri, yoperekedwa ndi Manif pour Tous ndi woyambitsa "Tsiku losiya sukulu", Farida Belghoul (yemwe amaphunzira yekha sukulu ya kunyumba) . Komabe, kwa ana zikwizikwi, ngakhale mazana a ana zikwizikwi, amene malo awo okhala m’banja si abwino kwenikweni kuphunzira, sukulu idakali njira yokha ya chipulumutso, ngakhale kuti sukulu imeneyi ingakhale yopondereza ndi yothena. .
Kodi chikondi chingakhale chokwanira?
Makolo omwe adafunsidwa ndi Clara Bellar, amapereka mawu anzeru, ozama, a umunthu wokongola. Wotsogolera amawafotokozera ngati oganiza momasuka. Mulimonsemo, iwo amaganiza kuti, zimenezo nzoona. Iwo ali ndi zida zanzeru zothandizira ana awo, kuyankha mafunso awo, kudzutsa chidwi chawo, kuti chizikula. Timalingalira mabanjawa mukukambirana kosatha, ndi mawu omwe amazungulira nthawi zonse, omwe amadyetsa abale ake, kuyambira mwana wa miyezi iwiri mpaka wachinyamata wazaka 15. Munthu angalingalire mkhalidwe umenewu kukhala wosonkhezera chisangalalo cha kutulukira zinthu. Otsutsawa amatsimikiza za izi, ndikwanira kukhala ndi chidaliro, oleza mtima komanso okoma mtima kuti mwanayo akule bwino, kukhala ndi chidaliro mwa iye komanso kudziwa momwe angaphunzirire yekha, zomwe zidzamupangitsa kukhala wamkulu wokwanira, wodziimira komanso womasuka. Zimangofunika chikondi chochuluka, n'zotheka kwa kholo lililonse. Zikadakhala zophweka… Apanso, ana ambiri, omwe akulira m'dziko lopanda nzeru kwambiri, adzaona kutayidwa kwa luso lawo osalimbikitsidwa ndi kunja kwa banja ndipo adzakhala akulu momasuka.
Pewani kukakamizidwa kusukulu
Kanema wa Clara Bellar akadali wosangalatsa chifukwa mafunso omwe amadzutsa ndi ofunikira ndipo amakakamiza kusintha kwamalingaliro. Pamtima pa zolemba izi pali malingaliro anzeru okhudza chisangalalo. Kodi mwana wosangalala ndi chiyani? Ndipo kupambana ndi chiyani? Pa nthawi yomwe kusankha kusukulu yapakati ndiyeno kusekondale kwakhala nkhani ya moyo ndi imfa, pomwe kuwongolera mu 1st S ndiye kulowa m'kalasi yokonzekera ndi njira yokhayo yomwe ingatheke kwa wophunzira wabwino, komwe kukakamizidwa kwamaphunziro kukufikira pamisonkhano, kukana kwa makolo amenewa kukakamiza ana awo mpikisano wotopetsa umenewu wa dipuloma yopindulitsa kwambiri mwadzidzidzi kumawoneka kotsitsimula kwambiri, osanenanso zachisangalalo.. Imafanana ndi ndime ya m’buku * limene ndinapereka kwa Lycée Bergson, malo a ku Paris, zaka ziŵiri zapitazo. Buku limene ndinafotokoza mbiri yoipa ya kukhazikitsidwa kumeneku ndi kumverera kwa kunyozedwa kwa ophunzira omwe anatumizidwa. Pepani chifukwa cha vuto ili la narcissism, koma ndikumaliza cholembachi polemba ndekha. Nachi kachigawo kakang'ono ka mitu yomaliza.
Kufunirani zabwino mwana wanu kapena kumufunira chimwemwe
“Kodi ndi liti pamene timapanikizidwa kwambiri? Limeneli ndi funso limene limabwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza, makamaka kwa mwana wanga wamwamuna wamkulu, wazaka 7. Ndikufuna kuti ana anga zinthu ziziyenda bwino. Ndikufuna kwa iwo ntchito yabwino, yopindulitsa, yokwaniritsa, yolipidwa bwino, malo opindulitsa. Ndikufunanso, koposa zonse, kuti akhale osangalala, kuti akwaniritsidwe, kuti apereke tanthauzo ku moyo wawo. Ndikufuna kuti akhale omasuka kwa ena, osamala, achifundo. Ndikufuna kuwapangitsa kukhala nzika kuti azisamalira anansi awo, olemekeza zomwe ndimakhulupirira, okonda anthu, olekerera, owunikira.
Ndili ndi lingaliro lamphamvu la zomwe wophunzira ayenera kukhala. Ndine wogwirizana kwambiri ndi kusasinthasintha, chifuniro, kupirira, ndikhoza kukhala wosasinthasintha polemekeza ulamuliro, akuluakulu, makamaka aphunzitsi, ndimaona kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti ndidziwe zofunikira, galamala, kalembedwe, masamu, mbiri yakale. Ndikufuna kuuza ana anga kuti kudzipereka kwawo pamaphunziro, chikhalidwe chawo, kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso chawo zidzawatsimikizira ufulu wawo wamtsogolo. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo ndikudziwa kuti ndikhoza kukokomeza zofuna zanga, ndikuwopa kuwaphwanya, kuiwala kulankhula nawo chisangalalo cha kuphunzira, kusangalala ndi chidziwitso. Ndikudabwa za njira yoyenera yowathandizira ndi kuwalimbikitsa ndikusunga umunthu wawo, zokhumba zawo, chikhalidwe chawo.
Ndikufuna kuti azikhala osasamala nthawi yayitali komanso nthawi yomweyo kukonzekera zenizeni za dziko lapansi. Ndikufuna kuti athe kukwaniritsa zoyembekeza za dongosololi chifukwa zili kwa iwo kuti agwirizane nazo osati mwanjira ina, kuti asapitirire mopitirira malire, kuti azikhala odziyimira pawokha, okhazikika, ophunzira akhama. zomwe zimapangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta kwa aphunzitsi ndi makolo. Ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, nthawi zonse ndimaopa kukhumudwitsa munthu yemwe akukhala, monga momwe anthu amanzere ankakhumudwa powakakamiza kulemba ndi manja awo akumanja. Ndikufuna wamkulu wanga, mwana wanga wamng'ono wolota, nthawi zonse osagwirizana ndi gulu, kuti atenge zomwe sukulu ili nazo bwino kuti amupatse: zaulere, zosakhudzidwa, pafupifupi zopanda pake, chidziwitso cha chilengedwe chonse, kutulukira zina ndi malire ake. Kuposa china chilichonse mwina ndikulota kuti amaphunzira kusangalala komanso kuti asakhale woyang'anira wamkulu, kuti asapewe ulova, chifukwa ndiye kuti adzaphunzira kulikonse, kotero sindidzamuopa, ndiye, Bergson kapena Henry IV. perekani zabwino za iye mwini. Zabwino kwambiri panobe. “
* Sindinakhalepo pasukulu yasekondale iyi, zolemba za François Bourin, 2011