Starfish yokhala ndi masamba anayi (Geastrum quadrifidum) chithunzi ndi kufotokozera

Nsomba za nyenyezi zinayi (Geastrum quadrifidum)

• Nyenyezi ya magawo anayi
• Geastrum-XNUMX lobes

• Nyenyezi ya magawo anayi
• Geastrum-XNUMX lobes
• Nyenyezi yapadziko lapansi yokhala ndi masamba anayi

Kufotokozera

Matupi a zipatso amatsekedwa, ozungulira, pafupifupi 2 cm m'mimba mwake, ophimbidwa ndi peridium, pamwamba pa zonse zomwe zingwe za mycelial zili; okhwima - otseguka, 3-5 cm mulifupi. Peridium ili ndi zigawo zinayi, zomwe zimakhala ndi exoperidium ndi endoperidium. Exoperidium imakhala ngati chikho, chamagulu atatu kapena awiri, cholimba, chong'ambika kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi mpaka pakati kukhala magawo 4 osafanana, osongoka (masamba), kugwada pansi, ndipo matupi a fruiting amawuka pazitsulo. , monga pa “miyendo”. Kunja kwa mycelial wosanjikiza ndi koyera, kofewa, kokutidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndipo posakhalitsa kumatha. Pakati pa fibrous wosanjikiza ndi woyera kapena isabella, yosalala. Minofu yamkati yamkati imakhala yoyera, imang'ambikanso m'magawo 4, kupumula ndi malekezero akuthwa kumapeto kwa lobes akunja, ndipo posakhalitsa imasowa. Pansi pake ndi convex. Pakatikati ikukwera pamodzi ndi gawo la mkati mwa thupi la fruiting - gleba. Wozungulira kapena wozungulira (ovoid) gleba wokutidwa ndi endoperidium, 0,9-1,3 cm wamtali ndi 0,7-1,2 cm mulifupi. Pansi pake ndi phesi lathyathyathya, pamwamba pake endoperidium imachepetsedwa ndipo mawonekedwe ozungulira bwino (apophysis) amapangidwa, pamwamba pake amatsegula ndi dzenje, lomwe lili ndi peristome yochepa. Peristome imakhala yooneka ngati cone, fibrous, yokhala ndi bwalo lochepa kwambiri, losalala bwino la fibrous-ciliate, kuzungulira komwe kuli mphete yomveka bwino. Miyendo ya cylindrical kapena yosalala pang'ono, 1,5-2 mm kutalika ndi 3 mm wokhuthala, yoyera. Mzerewu ndi wa thonje, wonyezimira wotuwa wonyezimira, kutalika kwa 4-6 mm. Exoperidium yake imang'ambika nthawi zambiri kukhala 4, nthawi zambiri kukhala ma lobes 4-8 osafanana, akugwada pansi, ndichifukwa chake thupi lonse la zipatso limadzuka pamalobe, ngati pamiyendo.

Mwendo (mwachikhalidwe) ulibe.

Gleba ikakhwima ufa, wakuda-wofiirira mpaka bulauni. Spores ndi zofiirira, zowala kapena zofiirira.

Akakanikizidwa, spores amabalalika mbali zonse. Spores ndi olive brown.

NTHAWI YOKHALA NDI KUKULA

Nsomba zinayi zamtundu wa starfish zimamera makamaka pa mchenga wamchenga wonyezimira, wosakanizidwa ndi coniferous - pine, spruce, pine-spruce ndi nkhalango za spruce-spruce (pakati pa singano zakugwa), nthawi zina mu anthill osiyidwa - kuyambira August mpaka October, kawirikawiri. Zinalembedwa mu Dziko Lathu (European part, Caucasus ndi Eastern Siberia), Europe ndi North America. Tinapeza kum'mwera chakum'maŵa kwa St. Petersburg m'nkhalango yosakanikirana (birch ndi spruce) pansi pa spruce yakale pa singano kumayambiriro kwa October (bowa anakula monga banja).

MABODZA

Nsomba zokhala ndi lobed zinayi ndizodabwitsa kwambiri ndipo zimasiyana modabwitsa ndi bowa wamitundu ina ndi mabanja. Zikuwoneka ngati nyenyezi zina, mwachitsanzo, arched starfish (Geastrum fornicatum), yomwe exoperidium imagawanika kukhala zigawo ziwiri: yakunja ndi 4-5 yaifupi, lobes yosamveka ndi yamkati, yozungulira pakati, komanso ndi 4-5 lobes; pa Geastrum korona (Geastrum coronatum) yokhala ndi exoperidium yachikopa, yosalala, yogawanika kukhala 7-10 zosongoka zotuwa; pa Geastrum fimbriatum yokhala ndi exoperidium, yomwe idang'ambika mpaka theka kapena 2/3 - kukhala 5-10 (kawirikawiri mpaka 15) lobes osagwirizana; pa Starfish milozo (G. striatum) yokhala ndi exoperidium, yong'ambika mu 6-9 lobes, ndi gleba yotuwa; pa Shmiel's Starfish yaing'ono (G. schmidelii) yokhala ndi exoperidium imapanga 5-8 lobes, ndi gleba yokhala ndi mphuno yooneka ngati mlomo, yamizeremizere; pa Geastrum triplex yokhala ndi dzenje la ulusi pamwamba pa gleba yofiirira.

Imangokhala m'nthaka ya nkhalango zowirira komanso za coniferous.