Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), kapena Acute Inflammatory Polyradiculoneuritis, ndi matenda a autoimmune omwe amayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yotumphukira ndi kufa ziwalo. Kufa ziwalo kumeneku akuti n’kwambiri chifukwa nthawi zambiri kumayamba ndi miyendo ndi manja kenako n’kufalikira ku thupi lonse. Pali zifukwa zambiri, koma matendawa amapezeka nthawi zambiri pambuyo pa matenda, motero amatchedwa pachimake postinfectious polyradiculoneuritis. Chaka chilichonse ku France, munthu mmodzi kapena awiri mwa 1 alionse amadwala matendawa. (2) Ambiri mwa anthu omwe akhudzidwawo amachira pakangopita miyezi ingapo, koma matendawa amatha kusiya kuwonongeka kwakukulu ndipo, mwa apo ndi apo, amatsogolera ku imfa, nthawi zambiri ndi ziwalo za kupuma.

Kupweteka ndi zomverera zachilendo zimawonekera m'mapazi ndi manja, nthawi zambiri symmetrically, ndikufalikira ku miyendo, mikono ndi thupi lonse. Kuopsa ndi zochitika za matendawa zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku kufooka kwa minofu mpaka kufooka kwa minofu ina ndipo, nthawi zambiri, pafupifupi ziwalo zonse. 90% ya odwala amawonongeka kwambiri pakadutsa sabata yachitatu pambuyo pa zizindikiro zoyamba. (2) M'mawonekedwe owopsa, matendawa amakhala pachiwopsezo cha moyo chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya oropharynx ndi minofu yopuma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chiopsezo cha kupuma ndikuyimitsa. Zizindikiro ndizofanana ndi za matenda ena monga botulism ((+ link)) kapena matenda a Lyme.

Pambuyo pa matenda, chitetezo cha mthupi chimapanga ma autoantibodies omwe amawombera ndi kuwononga sheath ya myelin yozungulira mitsempha ya mitsempha (axon) ya mitsempha yozungulira, kuwalepheretsa kutumiza zizindikiro zamagetsi kuchokera ku ubongo kupita ku minofu.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Guillain-Barré sizidziwika nthawi zonse, koma magawo awiri mwa atatu a milandu zimachitika patatha masiku angapo kapena masabata pambuyo pa kutsekula m'mimba, matenda a m'mapapo, chimfine ... zowopsa. Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa zimatha kukhala katemera, opaleshoni, kapena kuvulala.

Matendawa amakhudza amuna pafupipafupi kuposa amayi ndi akulu kuposa ana (chiwopsezo chimawonjezeka ndi zaka). Guillain-Barré syndrome sipatsirana kapena cholowa. Komabe, pakhoza kukhala ma genetic predispositions. Pambuyo pa kutsutsana kwakukulu, ofufuza atsimikizira bwino kuti matenda a Guillain-Barré angayambitsidwe ndi matenda a Zika. (3)

Mankhwala awiri a immunotherapy ndi othandiza poletsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha:

• Plasmapheresis, yomwe imakhala ndi m'malo mwa madzi a m'magazi omwe ali ndi ma autoantibodies omwe amawononga mitsempha ndi plasma yathanzi.
• jakisoni m'mitsempha wa ma antibodies (intravenous immunoglobulins) omwe angachepetse chitetezo cha mthupi.

Amafunikira kuchipatala ndipo adzakhala othandiza kwambiri ngati akhazikitsidwa mwamsanga kuti achepetse kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha. Chifukwa pamene minyewa yotetezedwa ndi myelin sheath imakhudzidwa, sequelae imakhala yosasinthika.

Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa ku zolakwika za kupuma, kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndipo wodwalayo ayenera kuikidwa pa mpweya wothandizira ngati ziwalo zikufika pa kupuma. Magawo okonzanso atha kukhala ofunikira kuti muyambirenso luso lonse lamagalimoto.

Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino ndipo amakhala bwino wodwala wodwala. Kuchira kumatha pakadutsa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena khumi ndi iwiri pafupifupi 85% yamilandu, koma pafupifupi 10% ya anthu omwe akhudzidwa adzakhala ndi sequelae yayikulu (1). Matendawa amachititsa imfa mu 3% mpaka 5% ya milandu malinga ndi WHO, koma mpaka 10% malinga ndi zina. Imfa imachitika chifukwa cha kumangidwa kwa mtima, kapena chifukwa cha zovuta zakutsitsimuka kwa nthawi yayitali, monga matenda a nosocomial kapena pulmonary embolism. (4)