Pochiza khansa yapakhungu yapamwamba, kupambana kunali mtundu watsopano wa immunotherapy, womwe umagwiritsidwanso ntchito ku Poland pa gulu losankhidwa la odwala, akatswiri adadziwitsidwa pamsonkhano wa atolankhani ku Warsaw.
Mtsogoleri wa chipatala cha khansa yofewa, mafupa ndi khansa ya melanoma ku Oncology Center ku Warsaw, Prof. Piotr Rutkowski ananena kuti mpaka posachedwapa, odwala khansa yapakhungu amatha kukhala ndi moyo kwa theka la chaka. Chifukwa cha immunotherapy yatsopano, yomwe imatsegula pulogalamu ya PD-1 yolandirira kufa ndikuyambitsa chitetezo chamthupi kuti kulimbana ndi ma cell a khansa, theka la odwala amakhala ndi miyezi 24. Ena a iwo amakhala ndi moyo wautali.
Mankhwala omwe amaletsa cholandilira cha PD-1 adalembetsedwa ku European Union, koma sanabwezedwe ku Poland. Komabe, amapezeka m'maiko ambiri aku Europe, kuphatikiza. ku Slovakia, Sweden, Czech Republic, Finland, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Ireland, Spain, Denmark, Luxembourg, Austria, Greece ndi Great Britain. Kunja kwa EU, mankhwalawa amabwezeredwanso ku United States, Canada, Israel ndi Switzerland.
"Tikuyembekezera kubwezeredwa kwa zokonzekerazi, chifukwa popanda iwo n'zovuta kulankhula za chithandizo chamakono cha khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa, kupatsa odwala ena chiyembekezo chachikulu cha moyo wautali komanso kusintha kwa khalidwe lake" - anatsindika Prof. Rutkowski. Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri samayambitsa zovuta zina.
Pakadali pano, Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariffs yapereka malingaliro abwino pakubweza kwa PD-1 kutsekereza mankhwala omwe ali pansi pa pulogalamu yamankhwala pamodzi ndi njira zina zochiritsira zomwe zavomerezedwa kuti zithetse matendawa.
Kukonzekera kumasula PD-1 receptor, komabe, kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'dziko lathu, mpaka pano pa gulu losankhidwa la odwala. Prof. Rutkowski ananena kuti pa matenda a melanoma, mpaka pano agwiritsidwa ntchito kwa odwala oposa 200, ndipo 100 mwa iwo adakali ndi moyo. Iwo anachitidwa ngati gawo la mayesero a zachipatala kapena otchedwa Early Access Therapy Programme yothandizidwa ndi wopanga mankhwala.
“Pulogalamuyi, yomwe idayamba mu Marichi 2015, idalembetsa odwala 61 omwe ali ndi khansa yapakhungu. Kuchokera ku gulu ili, odwala 30 amathandizidwabe "- adatero Prof. Rutkowski.
Katswiri wadziko lonse pazachipatala cha oncology Prof. Maciej Krzakowski, wamkulu wa chipatala cha khansa ya m'mapapo ku Oncology Center ku Warsaw, adati mankhwala omwe amatsegula cholandilira cha PD-1 ku United States ndi European Union nawonso avomerezedwa kuti azichiza khansa ya m'mapapo. Ku Poland, pakadali pano akupezeka ngati gawo la mayeso azachipatala.
"Mpaka pano, mankhwala amtundu uwu akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo chotsatira (siteji III), pamene njira zina zothandizira zatha kale. Tsopano kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo pamankhwala oyamba akuganiziridwa "- adatero Prof. Krzakowski. Izi zikusintha njira yochizira matenda monga khansa yapakhungu yapamwamba (siteji IV kapena yosagwira ntchito, gawo III).
Prof. Krzakowski anafotokoza kuti khansa zambiri zimapewa kuukira kwa maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi cha wodwalayo. Iwo amalepheretsa zochita za PD-1 cholandirira pamwamba pa maselowa (lymphocytes). Amagwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe thupi limagwiritsa ntchito pofuna kuteteza chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chisamachite zinthu monyanyira (chomwe chimateteza ku matenda a autoimmune).
"Mankhwala a m'badwo wotsatira amatsegula zolandilira za PD-1, kuyambitsa chitetezo chamthupi kuti chizindikire bwino ndikulimbana ndi maselo a khansa," adatero mlangizi wa dziko.
Akatswiri adavomereza pamsonkhano ndi atolankhani kuti palibe njira yodziwira wodwala yemwe angapindule ndi mtundu uwu wa immunotherapy. Pankhani ya melanoma, odwala omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a PD-1 receptors nthawi zambiri amayankha bwino. Mu Disembala 2015, imodzi mwamankhwala otere idavomerezedwanso kuti azichiza khansa ya impso ku United States.
Prof. Krzakowski adanena kuti njira yabwino ndiyo kupezera chithandizo chamtundu uwu ndi bajeti ya boma pamene zikugwira ntchito kwa wodwala wopatsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, palinso mwayi woti pakapita nthawi chithandizo choterechi chikhoza kuthetsedwa mwa odwala ena, pomwe chitetezo chamthupi chingathe kuwongolera kukula kwa matenda a neoplastic okha.
American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) mu February 2016 inazindikira immunotherapy (kutsegula PD-1 receptor) monga kupambana kwakukulu mu oncology mu 2015. Izi zinanenedwa mu lipoti la pachaka la 11 "Clinical Cancer Advances 2016". Immunotherapy idzakhala imodzi mwamitu yayikulu ya msonkhano wapachaka wa AZSCO, womwe udzayambike ku Chicago kumapeto kwa Meyi.