Zamkatimu
Zowopsa
Popanga vinyo, khalidwe limayamba ndi terroir (kuchokera ku liwu lakuti terre, lomwe mu French limatanthauza "dziko lapansi"). Ndi mawu akuti winemakers padziko lonse lapansi amatcha okwana geological zikuchokera dothi, microclimate ndi kuunikira, komanso ozungulira zomera. Zinthu zomwe zatchulidwazi ndizolinga, zoperekedwa ndi Mulungu za terroir. Komabe, ilinso ndi magawo awiri omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi chifuniro cha munthu: kusankha mitundu ya mphesa ndi matekinoloje omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga vinyo.
Choyipa ndi chabwino
Mpesa wapangidwa m'njira yoti zokolola zabwino kwambiri pazabwino zimangokolola m'mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mpesa uyenera kuvutika - chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chinyezi, kusowa kwa zakudya komanso kutentha kwakukulu. Mphesa zabwino zomwe zimapangidwira kupanga vinyo ziyenera kukhala ndi madzi ambiri, kotero kuthirira mpesa (makamaka ku Europe) ndikoletsedwa. Pali, ndithudi, zosiyana. Chifukwa chake, kuthirira kwadontho kumaloledwa m'madera ouma a Spanish La Mancha, m'malo ena otsetsereka ku Germany, komwe madzi samachedwa - apo ayi, mpesa wosauka ukhoza kuuma.
Nthaka ya minda yamphesa isankhidwa ndi aumphawi, kuti mpesawo uzika mizu; mu mipesa ina, mizu imapita kuya kwa makumi (mpaka makumi asanu!) mamita. Izi ndizofunikira kuti fungo la vinyo wam'tsogolo likhale lolemera momwe zingathere - chowonadi ndi chakuti mwala uliwonse wa geological umene mizu ya mpesa umakumana nawo umapatsa vinyo wamtsogolo fungo lapadera. Mwachitsanzo, granite imawonjezera maluwa onunkhira a vinyo ndi kamvekedwe ka violet, pomwe miyala yamchere imapatsa ayodini ndi zolemba zamchere.
Kubzala chiyani
Posankha mitundu ya mphesa yobzala, wopanga vinyo amaganizira, choyamba, zinthu ziwiri za terroir - microclimate ndi dothi. Chifukwa chake, m'minda yamphesa yakumpoto, mitundu yambiri ya mphesa yoyera imakula, chifukwa imacha mwachangu, pomwe kum'mwera kwamphesa, mitundu yofiira imabzalidwa, yomwe imacha mochedwa. Zigawo Shampeni ndi Bordeaux... Mu Champagne, nyengo yozizira kwambiri, yoopsa kwa winemaking, choncho atatu okha mitundu ya mphesa amaloledwa kumeneko kupanga shampeni. izo Chardonnay, Pinot Noir ndi Pinot Meunier, onse amacha msanga, ndipo vinyo woyera ndi wonyezimira wokha amapangidwa kuchokera mwa iwo. Chifukwa cha chilungamo, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti palinso vinyo wofiira ku Champagne - mwachitsanzo, sills, komabe, sanatchulidwe kwenikweni. Chifukwa si zokoma. Mphesa zofiira ndi zoyera zimaloledwa kudera la Bordeaux. Red ndi Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Mtengo wa Cabernet Franc ndi Pti Verdo, ndi woyera - Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon ndi Muscalle… Chisankhochi chimalamulidwa, choyamba, ndi chikhalidwe cha miyala yam'deralo ndi dothi ladongo. Mofananamo, munthu akhoza kufotokoza kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina ya mphesa m'dera lililonse lomwe amalimamo vinyo, lomwe nthawi zambiri limadziwika kuti ndi lalikulu.
Ogwira ntchito
Choncho khalidwe la terroir ndi khalidwe la vinyo. Mapeto osavuta, koma Achifalansa adapanga pamaso pa wina aliyense ndipo anali oyamba kupanga dongosolo lamagulu lotchedwa cru (cru), lomwe limatanthauza "nthaka". Mu 1855, France anali kukonzekera chionetsero cha dziko ku Paris, ndipo pankhaniyi, Mfumu Napoleon III analamula winemakers kupanga "olamulira vinyo". Iwo anatembenukira ku zakale za miyambo (ndiyenera kunena kuti zikalata zakale ku France amasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali kwambiri, nthawi zina zaka zoposa chikwi), anatsatira kusinthasintha kwa mitengo ya vinyo zimagulitsidwa pa maziko awa anamanga dongosolo gulu. . Poyamba, kachitidwe kameneka kanangokulirakulira ku mavinyo okha, komanso, opangidwa ku Bordeaux, koma kenako adawonjezeredwa ku terroirs yoyenera - choyamba ku Bordeaux, kenako m'madera ena omwe amalima vinyo ku France, omwe ndi Burgundy, Shampeni ndi Alsace… Zotsatira zake, malo abwino kwambiri omwe amatchulidwa zigawo adalandira ziwerengero Premier Crus ndi Great Cru. Komabe, si cru system yokhayo. M'madera ena, zaka zoposa theka lapitalo, dongosolo lina lamagulu linawonekera ndipo nthawi yomweyo linazika mizu - dongosolo la AOC, ndilo. Mapangidwe Oyendetsedwa a Origin, kumasuliridwa kuti "chipembedzo cholamulidwa ndi chiyambi". Za zomwe dongosolo la AOC ili ndi chifukwa chake likufunika - mu gawo lotsatira.