Lilime (lochokera ku Latin lingua) ndi chiwalo choyenda chomwe chili mkamwa ndipo chimakhala ndi ntchito yayikulu yolankhula ndi chakudya.

kapangidwe. Lilime limapangidwa ndi minyewa 17, yamkati ndi yakunja, yolimba kwambiri, yomwe imakutidwa ndi mucous nembanemba. Lilime limakhala ndi zomverera, zomverera komanso zamagalimoto.

 Pafupifupi 10cm kutalika, lilime limagawidwa magawo awiri:

- Thupi, gawo loyenda komanso lowoneka, lomwe limapangidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri: gawo la pharyngeal, lomwe lili kumbuyo kwa pakamwa ndi gawo la buccal, lomwe nthawi zambiri limawonedwa ngati lilime. Chomalizacho chimakutidwa ndi papillae ndipo chimangiriridwa pansi pakamwa ndi frenulum (²).

- Muzu, wophatikizidwa ku fupa la hyoid, ku mandible ndi chophimba cha puck, chomwe chimapanga gawo lokhazikika lobisika pansi pa thupi.

Kulawa udindo. Lilime limatenga gawo lalikulu pakulawa chifukwa cha kukoma kwa chilankhulo. Zina mwa zokometserazi zimakhala ndi zolandilira kukoma kuti zisiyanitse zokometsera zosiyanasiyana: zotsekemera, zamchere, zowawa, zowawasa ndi umami.

Udindo mu kutafuna. Lilime limapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kutafuna chakudya, chomwe chimapanga bolus, pochibweretsa pamodzi ndikuchikankhira kumano (2).

Ntchito yomeza. Lilime limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakumeza pokankhira chakudya kuseri kwa mmero, kulowa m’mphuno (2).

Udindo m'kulankhula. Mogwirizana ndi m’kholingo ndi m’mawu, lilime limagwira ntchito yoimba komanso kutulutsa mawu osiyanasiyana (2).

Zilonda zamafuta. Mkati mwa mkamwa, makamaka lilime, likhoza kukhala malo a zilonda zam'mimba, zomwe ndi zilonda zazing'ono. Zomwe zimayambitsa zimatha kukhala zingapo monga kupsinjika, kuvulala, kukhudzidwa kwa chakudya, ndi zina zambiri. Nthawi zina, zilonda zam'mimbazi zimatha kukhala aphthous stomatitis zikawoneka mobwerezabwereza (3).

Zowala. Glossitis ndi zotupa zotupa zomwe zimapangitsa lilime kukhala lopweteka ndikupangitsa kuti liwoneke lofiira. Atha kukhala chifukwa cha matenda am'mimba.

Matenda a fungal. Matenda a yisiti pakamwa ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bowa. Kupezeka mwachibadwa mkamwa, bowali limatha kufalikira poyankha zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndikuyambitsa matenda.

Glossoplegia. Izi ndi zopuwala zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhudza mbali imodzi yokha ya lilime zomwe zimalepheretsa katchulidwe.

Kutupa. Ziphuphu zowopsa (zopanda khansa) ndi zowopsa (zakhansa) zimatha kufalikira mbali zosiyanasiyana za lilime.

Prevention. Ukhondo wabwino wamkamwa ungathandize kupewa matenda ena a lilime.

Chithandizo cha mankhwala. Kutengera ndi matendawa, chithandizo ndi antifungal, maantibayotiki kapena inki yophatikizika imatha kuperekedwa.

Chithandizo cha opaleshoni. Ndi khansa ya lilime, opaleshoni ikhoza kuchitidwa kuchotsa chotupacho.

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy. Mankhwalawa akhoza kuperekedwa kwa khansa.

Kufufuza mwakuthupi. Kuyang'ana m'munsi mwa lilime kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito galasi laling'ono kuti muwone momwe zilili, makamaka mtundu wa mucous membrane wake. Palpation ya lilime ingathenso kuchitidwa.

Kuyesa kuyerekezera kwachipatala. X-ray, CT scan, kapena MRI ikhoza kuchitidwa kuti amalize matendawa.

Zomwe zikunenedwa lero, mapu a chinenero, kutchula kukoma kulikonse m'dera linalake la lilime, ndi nthano chabe. Zowonadi, kafukufuku, makamaka wa Virginia Collins, watsimikizira kuti zokometsera zomwe zimapezeka muzokoma zimatha kuzindikira zokometsera zosiyanasiyana. (5)