Zamkatimu
Tinakambirana za kufunika kosiya mwana yekha ngati akufuna kuchita chinachake payekha ndikuchichita mosangalala (Lamulo 1).
Chinanso n’chakuti wakumana ndi vuto lalikulu limene sangapirire. Ndiye udindo wosalowererapo si wabwino, ukhoza kubweretsa mavuto.
Bambo wa mnyamata wazaka khumi ndi chimodzi anati: “Tinapatsa Misha wojambula pa tsiku lake lobadwa. Iye anasangalala, nthawi yomweyo anayamba kutolera. Linali Lamlungu ndipo ndinali kusewera ndi mwana wanga wamkazi womaliza pa kapeti. Patadutsa mphindi zisanu ndikumva: "Abambo, sizikuyenda, thandizani." Ndipo ndinamuyankha kuti: “Kodi ndiwe wamng’ono? Dziyese wekha." Misha adakhumudwa ndipo posakhalitsa adasiya wopanga. Choncho kuyambira nthawi imeneyo sizinali zoyenera kwa iye.”
N’chifukwa chiyani makolo nthaŵi zambiri amayankha mmene bambo a Mishin anayankha? Mwinamwake, ndi zolinga zabwino kwambiri: amafuna kuphunzitsa ana kukhala odziimira okha, osaopa zovuta.
Zimachitika, ndithudi, ndi chinthu china: kamodzi, zosasangalatsa, kapena kholo yekha sadziwa mmene. Zonsezi «zolingalira zamaphunziro» ndi «zifukwa zabwino» ndizo zopinga zazikulu za kukhazikitsidwa kwa Lamulo lathu 2. Tiyeni tilembe poyamba mwachidule, ndipo kenako mwatsatanetsatane, ndi mafotokozedwe. Rule 2
Ngati kuli kovuta kwa mwana ndipo ali wokonzeka kuvomereza thandizo lanu, onetsetsani kuti mumuthandize.
Ndi bwino kuyamba ndi mawu akuti: "Tiyeni tipite limodzi." Mawu amatsengawa amatsegula chitseko kwa mwanayo ku luso latsopano, chidziwitso ndi zokonda.
Poyamba zingaoneke ngati Malamulo 1 ndi 2 amatsutsana. Komabe, kutsutsana uku kumawonekera. Amangotchula zochitika zosiyanasiyana. M'mikhalidwe yomwe Lamulo 1 likugwiritsidwa ntchito, mwanayo sapempha thandizo ndipo amatsutsa ngakhale ataperekedwa. Lamulo 2 limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mwanayo akupempha thandizo mwachindunji, kapena akudandaula kuti "sapambana", "sachita bwino", kuti "sakudziwa momwe", kapena kusiya ntchito yomwe adayamba pambuyo pake. zolephera. Chilichonse mwa mawonetseredwe awa ndi chizindikiro chakuti akusowa thandizo.
Lamulo Lathu Lachiwiri si upangiri wabwino chabe. Zimachokera ku lamulo lamaganizo lomwe linapezedwa ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky. Anachitcha kuti "zone ya mwana wa proximal development." Ndine wotsimikiza kwambiri kuti kholo lililonse liyenera kudziwa za lamuloli. Ndikuuzani mwachidule.
Zimadziwika kuti pa msinkhu uliwonse kwa mwana aliyense pali zinthu zochepa zomwe angathe kuchita yekha. Kunja kwa bwaloli pali zinthu zomwe zimapezeka kwa iye pokhapokha ndi munthu wamkulu, kapena osafikirika konse.
Mwachitsanzo, mwana wasukulu akhoza kale kumangirira mabatani, kusamba m'manja, kuchotsa zoseweretsa, koma masana sangathe kukonzekera bwino. Ndicho chifukwa chake m'banja la mwana wasukulu mawu a makolo "Yakwana nthawi", "Tsopano," "Choyamba tidye, ndiye ...".
Tiyeni tijambule chithunzi chosavuta: chozungulira chimodzi mkati mwa chimzake. Bwalo laling'ono lidzasonyeza zonse zomwe mwanayo angachite yekha, ndipo dera lapakati pa malire ang'onoang'ono ndi akuluakulu lidzasonyeza zinthu zomwe mwanayo amachita ndi munthu wamkulu. Kunja kwa bwalo lokulirapo padzakhala ntchito zimene tsopano ziri zopitirira mphamvu ya iye yekha kapena pamodzi ndi akulu ake.
Tsopano tikhoza kufotokoza zomwe LS Vygotsky anapeza. Anasonyeza kuti pamene mwanayo akukula, ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomwe amayamba kuchita payekha zimawonjezeka chifukwa cha ntchito zomwe adazichita kale pamodzi ndi munthu wamkulu, osati zomwe zili kunja kwa mabwalo athu. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mawa mwanayo adzachita yekha zomwe anachita lero ndi amayi ake, ndipo ndendende chifukwa zinali "ndi amayi ake". Zone of affairs palimodzi ndi nkhokwe ya golide ya mwana, kuthekera kwake kwamtsogolo. Ndicho chifukwa chake amatchedwa zone of proximal development. Tangoganizani kuti kwa mwana mmodzi malowa ndi aakulu, ndiko kuti, makolo amagwira naye ntchito kwambiri, ndipo kwa wina ndi wopapatiza, chifukwa nthawi zambiri makolo amamusiya yekha. Mwana woyamba amakula mofulumira, amadzimva kuti ali ndi chidaliro, apambana, amapindula kwambiri.
Tsopano, ndikuyembekeza, zidzamveka bwino kwa inu chifukwa chake kusiya mwana yekha kumene kuli kovuta kwa iye "chifukwa cha pedagogical" ndiko kulakwitsa. Izi zikutanthawuza kusaganizira za lamulo lachitukuko la maganizo!
Ndiyenera kunena kuti ana amamva bwino ndipo amadziwa zomwe akufunikira panopa. Nthawi zambiri amafunsa kuti: "Sewerani nane", "Tiyeni tipite kokayenda", "Tiyeni tiyese", "Nditengereni", "Kodi ndingakhalenso ...". Ndipo ngati mulibe zifukwa zenizeni zokanira kapena kuchedwa, pakhale yankho limodzi lokha: "Inde!".
Nanga n’chiyani chimachitika makolo akamakana nthawi zonse? Nditchula ngati fanizo kukambirana muzokambirana zamaganizo.
MAYI: ndili ndi mwana wachilendo, mwina si wabwinobwino. Posachedwapa, ine ndi mwamuna wanga tinali titakhala m’khichini, tikucheza, ndipo iye amatsegula chitseko, ndi kupita molunjika kwa wonyamulira ndi ndodo, ndikumenya bwino!
WOFUNIKA: Kodi mumakonda kucheza naye bwanji?
MAYI: ndi iye? Inde, sindidzadutsa. Ndipo liti kwa ine? Kunyumba, ndimagwira ntchito zapakhomo. Ndipo iye amayenda ndi mchira wake: kusewera ndi kusewera ndi ine. Ndipo ndinamuuza kuti: “Ndisiye ndekha, uzisewera wekha, kodi ulibe zoseŵeretsa zokwanira?”
WOFUNIKA: Ndipo mwamuna wako amasewera naye?
MAYI: Ndiwe chani! Mwamuna wanga akabwera kuchokera kuntchito, nthawi yomweyo amayang'ana sofa ndi TV ...
WOFUNIKIRA: Kodi mwana wanu amamuyandikira?
MAYI: Inde amatero koma amamuthamangitsa. "Simukuwona, ndatopa, pita kwa amayi ako!"
Kodi ndizodabwitsa kwambiri kuti mnyamata wosimidwayo adatembenukira ku "njira zakuthupi"? Ukali wake ndi momwe amayankhulirana ndi makolo ake (makamaka, osalankhulana). Kalembedwe kameneka sikumangowonjezera kukula kwa mwanayo, koma nthawi zina kumakhala chifukwa cha mavuto ake aakulu a maganizo.
Tsopano tiyeni tione chitsanzo cha mmene tingalembe
Chigamulo 2
Zimadziwika kuti pali ana omwe sakonda kuwerenga. Makolo awo moyenerera amakwiya ndipo amayesa mwanjira iriyonse kuzolowera bukhulo. Komabe, nthawi zambiri palibe chomwe chimagwira ntchito.
Makolo ena odziwa bwino anadandaula kuti mwana wawo amawerenga pang'ono. Onse ankafuna kuti akule ngati munthu wophunzira komanso wowerenga bwino. Anali anthu otanganidwa kwambiri, choncho anangopeza mabuku “osangalatsa kwambiri” n’kuwaika patebulo la mwana wawo. N’zoona kuti ankamukumbutsabe, ndipo ankamukakamiza kuti akhale pansi kuti awerenge. Komabe, mnyamatayo mosalabadira anadutsa mulu wonse wa ulendo ndi zongopeka mabuku ndipo anapita kunja kusewera mpira ndi anyamata.
Pali njira yotsimikizika yomwe makolo adziwira ndipo nthawi zonse amapezanso: kuwerenga ndi mwanayo. Mabanja ambiri amawerengera mokweza mwana wasukulu yemwe sadziwa bwino zilembo. Koma makolo ena amapitirizabe kuchita zimenezi ngakhale pambuyo pake, pamene mwana wawo wamwamuna kapena wamkazi ayamba kale kusukulu, nthaŵi yomweyo ndimaona zimenezo ku funso lakuti: “Kodi ndiyenera kuŵerenga mpaka liti ndi mwana amene waphunzira kale kulemba zilembo m’mawu? ” - sangayankhidwe mosakayikira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kuthamanga kwa automation ya Kuwerenga ndi kosiyana kwa ana onse (izi ndichifukwa cha mawonekedwe a ubongo wawo). Choncho, m’pofunika kuthandiza mwanayo kutengeka ndi zimene zili m’bukuli panthaŵi yovuta yophunzira kuŵerenga.
M’kalasi la makolo, mayi wina anafotokoza mmene anapezera mwana wake wazaka zisanu ndi zinayi kuti azikonda kuwerenga:
“Vova sankakonda kwenikweni mabuku, ankawerenga pang’onopang’ono, anali waulesi. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti sanawerenge zambiri, sakanatha kuphunzira kuwerenga mofulumira. Kotero izo zinakhala chinachake ngati bwalo loipa. Zoyenera kuchita? Ndinaganiza zomuchititsa chidwi. Ndinayamba kusankha mabuku osangalatsa ndi kumuwerengera usiku. Anakwera pabedi ndikudikirira kuti ndimalize ntchito zapakhomo.
Werengani - ndipo onse ankakonda: chidzachitike ndi chiyani? Yakwana nthawi yoti muzimitse nyali, ndipo iye: "Amayi, chonde, chabwino, tsamba linanso!" Ndipo inenso ndili ndi chidwi ... Kenako anavomera mwamphamvu: wina mphindi zisanu - ndipo ndi zimenezo. Ndithudi, iye anayembekezera mwachidwi usiku wotsatira. Ndipo nthawi zina sanadikire, anawerenga nkhaniyo mpaka kumapeto, makamaka ngati panalibe zambiri. Ndipo sindinamuuzenso, koma anandiuza kuti: “Werengani motsimikiza!” Inde, ndinayesetsa kuliŵerenga kuti tiyambire limodzi nkhani yatsopano madzulo. Chotero pang’onopang’ono anayamba kutenga bukhulo m’manja mwake, ndipo tsopano, zikuchitika, simungaling’ambe!
Nkhaniyi si fanizo chabe la momwe kholo limapangira gawo lakukula kwa mwana wake ndikumuthandizira kuti azitha kuzidziwa bwino. Amasonyezanso mokhutiritsa kuti makolo akamachita zinthu mogwirizana ndi lamulo lofotokozedwali, n’kosavuta kwa iwo kukhala ndi unansi waubwenzi ndi wachifundo ndi ana awo.
Tabwera kudzalemba Chilamulo chonse chachiwiri.
Ngati mwanayo akukumana ndi vuto ndipo ali wokonzeka kuvomereza thandizo lanu, onetsetsani kuti mumuthandize. Pomwe:
1. Atengere zomwe sangathe kuchita yekha, kusiya zina kwa iye kuti azichita.
2. Pamene mwanayo ayamba kuchita zinthu zatsopano, pang'onopang'ono musamutsire kwa iye.
Monga mukuonera, tsopano Chilamulo 2 chikufotokozera momwe mungathandizire mwana pazovuta. Chitsanzo chotsatirachi chikuwonetsera bwino tanthauzo la zigawo zowonjezera za lamuloli.
Ambiri a inu mwina mwaphunzitsa mwana wanu kukwera njinga ya matayala awiri. Nthawi zambiri zimayamba ndi chakuti mwanayo amakhala mu chishalo, amataya bwino ndi kuyesa kugwa pamodzi ndi njinga. Muyenera kugwira zogwirizira ndi dzanja limodzi ndi chishalo ndi china kuti njingayo ikhale yowongoka. Panthawi imeneyi, pafupifupi zonse zimachitidwa ndi inu: mwanyamula njinga, ndipo mwanayo amangoyesa kukwera njinga. Komabe, patapita kanthawi mumapeza kuti anayamba kuwongola chiwongolerocho, ndiyeno mumamasula dzanja lanu pang'onopang'ono.
Patapita kanthawi, zimakhala kuti mukhoza kusiya chiwongolero ndikuthamanga kuchokera kumbuyo, kumangothandizira chishalo. Pomaliza, mumamva kuti mutha kusiya chishalo kwakanthawi, kulola mwanayo kukwera mamita angapo payekha, ngakhale mwakonzeka kumunyamulanso nthawi iliyonse. Ndipo tsopano yafika nthawi imene iye molimba mtima akukwera yekha!
Mukayang'anitsitsa bizinesi iliyonse yatsopano yomwe ana amaphunzira ndi chithandizo chanu, zinthu zambiri zidzafanana. Ana nthawi zambiri amakhala okangalika ndipo nthawi zonse amayesetsa kutengera zomwe mukuchita.
Ngati, akusewera njanji yamagetsi ndi mwana wake wamwamuna, bamboyo amayamba kusonkhanitsa njanji ndikugwirizanitsa thiransifoma ku intaneti, ndiye patapita kanthawi mwanayo amayesetsa kuchita zonse yekha, ndipo amayikanso njanji m'njira yosangalatsa yake.
Ngati mayi ankang'amba chidutswa cha mtanda kwa mwana wake wamkazi ndi kumulola iye kupanga wake, «ana» chitumbuwa, tsopano mtsikana akufuna knead ndi kudula mtanda yekha.
Chikhumbo cha mwanayo kuti agonjetse "madera" atsopano azinthu ndizofunikira kwambiri, ndipo ziyenera kutetezedwa ngati kamwana ka diso.
Tafika ku mfundo yobisika kwambiri: momwe tingatetezere chilengedwe cha mwana? Osati kugoletsa bwanji, osati kuzimitsa?
Zimachitika bwanji
Kafukufuku anachitidwa pakati pa achinyamata: kodi amathandiza kunyumba ndi ntchito zapakhomo? Ophunzira ambiri a m’giredi 4-6 adayankha motsutsa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, anawo anasonyeza kusakhutira ndi mfundo yakuti makolo awo sakuwalola kuchita ntchito zambiri zapakhomo: samawalola kuphika, kuchapa ndi kusita, kupita ku sitolo. Pakati pa ophunzira a m’giredi 7-8, panali chiŵerengero chofanana cha ana amene sanalembedwe ntchito m’nyumba, koma chiŵerengero cha osakhutira chinali chocheperapo kangapo!
Chotsatirachi chinasonyeza momwe chikhumbo cha ana kukhala okangalika, kutenga ntchito zosiyanasiyana chimatha, ngati akuluakulu sathandizira izi. Chitonzo chotsatira kwa ana chonena kuti ndi «aulesi», «opanda chikumbumtima», «odzikonda» ndi ochedwetsa monga kuti alibe tanthauzo. Izi «ulesi», «kupanda udindo», «egoism» ife, makolo, popanda kuzindikira, nthawi zina kulenga tokha.
Zikuoneka kuti makolo ali pachiwopsezo pano.
Choopsa choyamba kusamutsa msanga kwambiri gawo lanu kwa mwana. Mu chitsanzo chathu chanjinga, izi zikufanana ndi kumasula zogwiririra ndi chishalo pakatha mphindi zisanu. Kugwa kosalephereka muzochitika zoterezi kungapangitse kuti mwanayo ataya chikhumbo chokhala panjinga.
Choopsa chachiwiri ndi njira ina. nthawi yayitali komanso kulimbikira kwa makolo, titero, kasamalidwe kotopetsa, mubizinesi yolumikizana. Ndipo kachiwiri, chitsanzo chathu ndi chithandizo chabwino kuona cholakwika ichi.
Tangoganizani: kholo, atanyamula njinga pa gudumu ndi pa chishalo, akuthamanga pafupi ndi mwanayo kwa tsiku limodzi, lachiwiri, lachitatu, sabata ... Kodi adzaphunzira kukwera yekha? Ayi ndithu. Mwachidziwikire, adzatopa ndi masewera opanda pakewa. Ndipo kukhalapo kwa munthu wamkulu ndikoyenera!
M'maphunziro otsatirawa, tibwerera kangapo ku zovuta za ana ndi makolo pazochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndipo tsopano ndi nthawi yoti tipitirire ku ntchitozo.
Ntchito Zanyumba
Ntchito imodzi
Sankhani chinthu choyamba chomwe mwana wanu sachita bwino. Muuzeni kuti: "Bwerani pamodzi!" Yang'anani pa zomwe anachita; ngati asonyeza kufunitsitsa, gwirani naye ntchito. Penyani mosamala kwa mphindi pamene inu mukhoza kumasuka («kusiya gudumu»), koma musachite izo molawirira kapena mwadzidzidzi. Onetsetsani kuti mwalemba zoyamba, ngakhale zazing'ono zodziimira bwino za mwanayo; Muyamikireni (ndi inunso!).
Ntchito yachiwiri
Sankhani zinthu zingapo zatsopano zomwe mungafune kuti mwanayo aphunzire kuchita yekha. Bwerezani ndondomeko yomweyo. Apanso, thokozani iye ndi inu nokha pakuchita bwino kwake.
Ntchito yachitatu
Onetsetsani kuti mukusewera, kucheza, kuyankhulana ndi mwana wanu kuchokera pansi pamtima masana kuti nthawi yomwe mumakhala ndi inu ikhale yosangalatsa kwa iye.
Mafunso ochokera kwa makolo
FUNSO: Kodi ndimuwonongera mwanayo ndi zinthu zosalekezazi pamodzi? Dzizolowerani kusamutsa chilichonse kwa ine.
YANKHO: Nkhawa yanu ili yomveka, nthawi yomweyo zimatengera inu kuti mutenga nthawi yayitali bwanji pa nkhani zake.
FUNSO: Kodi nditani ngati ndilibe nthawi yosamalira mwana wanga?
YANKHO: Monga ndikumvetsetsa, muli ndi zinthu «zofunika kwambiri» zoti muchite. Ndikoyenera kuzindikira kuti mumasankha dongosolo lofunika nokha. Pakusankha kumeneku, mungathandizidwe ndi mfundo yodziŵika kwa makolo ambiri kuti pamafunika nthaŵi ndi khama kuŵirikiza kakhumi kuwongolera zimene zinatayika m’kulera ana.
FUNSO: Ndipo ngati mwanayo sachita yekha, ndipo salandira thandizo langa?
YANKHO: Zikuoneka kuti munakumanapo ndi mavuto a m’maganizo muubwenzi wanu. Tidzakambirana za iwo mu phunziro lotsatira.
"Ndipo ngati sakufuna?"
Mwanayo wadziwa bwino ntchito zambiri zofunikira, sizimamutengera chilichonse kuti asonkhanitse zidole zobalalika m'bokosi, kupanga bedi kapena kuika mabuku mu chikwama madzulo. Koma mouma khosi samachita zonsezi!
“Zingakhale bwanji zili choncho? makolo akufunsa. "Kodi nayenso?" Onani →