khansa
Leukemia, kapena khansa ya m'magazi, ndi matenda a m'mafupa, omwe nthawi zina amatchedwa khansa ya magazi. Mu khansa ya m'magazi, hematopoiesis yodziwika bwino imasokonekera: maselo ochulukirapo amagazi osakhwima, omwe nthawi zambiri amatsogolera maselo oyera, amapangidwa.

Kodi khansa ya m'magazi ndi chiyani

Leukemia kapena khansa ya m'magazi ndi matenda oopsa a hematopoietic system. Kunena zowona - mafupa a mafupa ndi ma lymphatic system, ndipo amatchedwanso khansa ya magazi. Leukemia nthawi zambiri imatchedwa khansa yamagazi.

M’thupi la munthu, maselo a magazi amayenda mosalekeza. Maselo ogwiritsidwa ntchito amafa, ndipo atsopano amapangidwa kuchokera ku maselo a m'mafupa. Maselo atsopano amayamba kugawikana kenako n’kukhwima kukhala maselo athunthu. Mwa anthu athanzi, pali dongosolo labwino lomwe limayendetsedwa bwino pakati pa maselo ogwiritsidwa ntchito, akufa ndi omwe angopangidwa kumene. Koma odwala khansa ya m'magazi, izi bwino kwambiri kusokonezeka. Maselo atsopano amachulukana mosalamulirika, osakhwima mpaka kufika pamlingo wa maselo athunthu. M’kati mwa khansa ya m’magazi, iwo amawonjezereka.

Pali mitundu inayi ya khansa ya m'magazi.

  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mtundu uwu umapezeka kwambiri mwa ana.
  • Acute myeloid leukemia.
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Zimachitika mwa akuluakulu azaka zopitilira 55 ndipo zanenedwa mwa anthu angapo abanja limodzi.
  • Chronic myeloid leukemia.

Zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya m'magazi mwa akuluakulu

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa sizikudziwika. Koma zifukwa zingaphatikizepo:

  • kukhudzana kwambiri (radiotherapy);
  • kukhudzana ndi carcinogens (mwachitsanzo, benzene);
  • ma virus;
  • zosintha zina za majini (cholowa).

Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'magazi mwa akuluakulu

Katswiri wa oncologist Dina Sakaeva akuwunikira zingapo zazizindikiro za matendawa:

  • kusowa magazi;
  • hemorrhagic syndrome, chifukwa palibe mapulateleti okwanira m'thupi;
  • magazi;
  • kuvulaza;
  • kukha magazi mu mucous nembanemba - pa lilime, khungu;
  • kuwoneka kwa madontho ang'onoang'ono ndi mawanga;
  • kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha;
  • kunyoza, kusanza;
  • kusowa chilakolako;
  • kuonda;
  • maonekedwe a metastases, pamene chotupa maselo kulowa thanzi ziwalo.

Magawo a khansa ya m'magazi mwa akuluakulu

Gawo 1. Mu gawo loyamba la khansa ya m'magazi, khansara imalowa m'matumbo am'mimba, omwe amakula kukula. Wodwala amatha kuona mfundo zazikulu yekha.

Gawo 2. Pankhaniyi, mwina chiwindi kapena ndulu, kapena onse pa nthawi yomweyo, kuwonjezeka odwala. Chizindikiro ichi chimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocyte mkati mwa ziwalo izi.

Gawo 3. Amadziwika pamene munthu ayamba kuchepa magazi (hemoglobini siposa mayunitsi 10).

Gawo 4. Pankhaniyi, imadziwika ndi kutsika kwa mapulateleti, kapena thrombocytopenia. Chiwerengero cha othandiza magazi kuundana m'magazi a wodwalayo si upambana 100 zikwi.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'magazi akuluakulu

Ngati sichirikizidwa, khansa ya m’magazi imatha kufa pakangopita miyezi ingapo. Ndikofunika kuyamba chithandizo pa nthawi yake.

mankhwala amphamvu ndi zofunika maziko a mtundu uliwonse wa mankhwala a khansa ya m'magazi. "Chemistry" imaukira maselo a leukemia m'malo osiyanasiyana kuti awononge zotupa zowopsa.

Kuchiza ma ARV - Mlingo waukulu wa radiation ya ionizing umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga maselo a khansa. Pali kuchepa kwa ma lymph nodes, ndulu. Thandizo lamtunduwu limagwiritsidwa ntchito musanayambe kuyika mafupa a mafupa ndi stem cell transplantation.

Thandizo Lolinga amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu CML (tyrosine kinase inhibitors amalepheretsa njira zofunika m'maselo a leukemic), koma chemotherapy ndi interferon therapy amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Komabe, kuchira kotheratu sikutheka. Zitha kutheka kokha ndi kuyika mafupa kuchokera kwa wopereka wathanzi.

Kufupa kwa m'mafupa - Kuika mafupa. Opereka ndalama angakhale abale a odwala.

Diagnostics

Kukumana ndi oncologist kumayamba ndi kukambirana ndi wodwalayo. Dokotala amapeza mwatsatanetsatane madandaulo a wodwalayo, mbiri ya matendawa ndi moyo wa wodwalayo, kukhalapo kwa matenda mwa wachibale. Kenaka, kuunika kwa machitidwe ndi ziwalo zimayamba kuzindikira zophwanya: kugwedeza magulu a ma lymph nodes, malo okwana XNUMX pachiwindi ndi ndulu, chifukwa amatha kukulitsidwa ndi khansa ya m'magazi.

Khansara ya m'magazi imatha kupezeka ndi:

  • CBC: Ngati muli ndi khansa, imawonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa maselo oyera a magazi ndi kuchepa kwa maselo ena a magazi.
  • coagulogram - kusanthula magazi coagulation magawo.
  • immunogram - kafukufuku wa zizindikiro zazikulu za chitetezo cha mthupi cha munthu.

Komanso, dokotala atha kupereka njira zowonjezera zowunikira kuti adziwe mtundu / gawo la khansa yamagazi:

  • puncture biopsy ya m'mafupa ndi kufufuza histological wotsatira;
  • kubaya biopsy ya mwanabele;
  • kuphulika kwa msana - kuti azindikire maselo amagazi aang'ono, kuwazindikira ndikuzindikira kukhudzidwa kwa mankhwala enaake a chemotherapy.
  • ultrasound (ultrasound);
  • computed tomography (CT);
  • Kujambula kwa magnetic resonance (MRI).

Kupewa khansa ya m'magazi akuluakulu kunyumba

Njira zenizeni zopewera khansa ya m'magazi sizinapangidwe. Oncologists amangolangiza kuti azikhala ndi moyo wathanzi, womwe umaphatikizapo kudya zakudya zoyenera, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupuma mokwanira ndi kugona, komanso kuchepetsa nkhawa. Omwe ali pachiwopsezo (pali omwe m'banjamo omwe anali ndi khansa) ayenera kuyezetsa kamodzi pachaka ndikuwunika thanzi lawo.

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

mayankho Dina Sakaeva, Wachiwiri kwa Dokotala wa Oncology, Pulofesa wa Dipatimenti ya Pharmacology ndi Course in Clinical Pharmacology, membala wa Board of RUSSCO, Doctor of Medical Sciences:

Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ya m'magazi?
Zina mwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya m'magazi ndi ma radiation a ionizing, akatswiri a radiologist amakumana nawo. Khansa ya m'magazi kumachitika pambuyo mabomba a atomiki, mankhwala poizoniyu, cheza ultraviolet, kukhudzana ndi mankhwala carcinogens kuti amapanga utoto Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala, arsenic. Khansara imayambanso ndi kachilombo ka T-lymphotropic. Chromosomal anomaly, cholowa chotengera ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha khansa ya m'magazi.
Zoyenera kuchita panthawi yomwe munthu walandira chikhululukiro?
Palibe malingaliro omveka apa. Thandizo lothandizira limachotsa maselo otsala a leukemic ndikulepheretsa maselo otsalira omwe atsala kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito. Pachifukwa ichi, glucocorticoids kapena mercaptopurine amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Odwala akulimbikitsidwa kuti azigwira ntchito moyenera, kupuma bwino, chakudya chokhala ndi mafuta ochepa, kuphatikizapo zipatso, zitsamba, masamba ndi zipatso.
Kodi mungadye bwanji pa "chemotherapy"?
Chemotherapy ndi kuyesa kwakukulu kwa chamoyo chonse. Chakudya pamankhwala a chemotherapy chimakhala ndi gawo lalikulu, chifukwa chimathandizira kuti thupi likhale lathanzi. Choyamba, konzani chakudya chamagulu anu nokha. Iyenera kuphatikizapo:

● Masamba, zipatso ndi zipatso. Konzani zokhwasula-khwasula ziŵiri patsiku, zimene mudzadyamo zipatso, ndi masamba monga mbale yapambali. Masamba ndi othandiza onse atsopano, ophika, ndi otenthedwa;

● Nkhuku, nsomba, nyama, mazira. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi mapuloteni okwanira muzakudya, zomwe zingapezeke kuchokera ku gulu la chakudya ichi. Kuphatikiza pa mapuloteni amtundu wa nyama, omwe amachokera ku zomera nawonso ndi angwiro - awa ndi, choyamba, nyemba. Chifukwa cha chithandizo, odwala ambiri amawona kusintha kwa kumva kukoma, ndipo si onse omwe ali okonzeka kudya nyama. Ngati simukuzikondanso, mutha kuyesa kuzidya ndi zonunkhira zosiyanasiyana komanso zofatsa. Komabe, mutha m'malo mwake ndi nsomba zam'madzi kapena magwero ena a protein.

● Mkate ndi mbewu monga chimanga. M'zakudya zopatsa thanzi, zakudya izi zimawonedwa ngati zowopsa chifukwa chokhala ndi ma calorie ochulukirapo, koma mu chemotherapy ndizoyenera kudya kadzutsa.

● Zakudya zamkaka. Zamgululi gulu ayenera kupezeka mu zakudya tsiku lililonse, makamaka thovu mkaka.

Menyu yachitsanzo cha chemotherapy:

● Chakudya cham'mawa - phala ndi sangweji ndi tchizi;

● chakudya chamasana - galasi la kefir kapena yogurt yachilengedwe kapena zipatso;

● chakudya chamasana - msuzi wopepuka wa masamba ndi saladi;

● chotupitsa chamadzulo - saladi ya zipatso kapena zipatso ndi kuvala yogurt;

● chakudya chamadzulo - gawo la nyama, nsomba kapena nkhuku ndi mbale ya masamba;

● musanagone - mkaka wothira.

Siyani Mumakonda