Khansa ya sigmoid colon
Khansara ya m'matumbo a Sigmoid ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa khansa 5. Khansara yamtunduwu ndi imodzi mwazovuta kwambiri, nthawi zambiri imawonedwa mochedwa. Phunzirani kwa akatswiri zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana ndi momwe mungapewere matenda

Khansara ya m'matumbo a Sigmoid imatha kuchitika pazaka zilizonse. Koma mu 60% ya milandu imapezeka mwa odwala okalamba pafupifupi zaka 50. Pamenepa, amuna nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa.

Sigmoid colon ili pamwamba pa rectum kumanzere kwa mimba. Ili ndi mawonekedwe a S. Ndi chifukwa cha ichi kuti bolus chakudya, kusuntha m'matumbo, amakhala nthawi yaitali m'derali. Nthawi yowonekera kwa zinthu zopangira chakudya ku organ mucosa imawonjezeka. Izi zimawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi khansa.

Kodi khansa ya m'matumbo ya sigmoid ndi chiyani

Khansara ya m'matumbo a Sigmoid ndi matenda a oncological. Mu 95% ya milandu, mtundu wa neoplasm wopezeka ndi adenocarcinoma. Chotupa nthawi zambiri chimapanga pamwamba pa matumbo - mucosa.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, nthawi zambiri mtundu uwu wa khansa wapezeka kale mu magawo otsiriza. Matendawa ndi ovuta kuzindikira mu magawo oyambirira, nthawi zambiri samadzipangitsa kumva. Ndikofunikira kukhala tcheru momwe tingathere pazizindikiro zonse zokayikitsa, chifukwa m'magawo omaliza a khansa ya m'matumbo a sigmoid sichiritsika. Wodwala amangothetsa zizindikirozo.

Zakudya zopanda thanzi komanso kudya mosayenera kumawononga matumbo. Nthawi zambiri, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kumayambitsa kudzimbidwa - kusayenda kwa ndowe, kuchepa kwamatumbo am'mimba.

Zifukwa za khansa ya m'matumbo a sigmoid

Khansara ya sigmoid colon imakwiyitsidwa ndi zifukwa zingapo. Kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zambiri kungayambitse matenda.

Ma genetic predisposition amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Ngati mmodzi wa achibale ali kale ndi khansa ya m'mimba, mwayi wodwala udzakhala waukulu. Palinso chiwopsezo cha mapangidwe a polyps - mapangidwe abwino. Koma m'kupita kwa nthawi, amatha kusanduka mawonekedwe owopsa.

Zimayambitsa matenda komanso kutupa kosalekeza m'matumbo - colitis, matenda a Crohn ndi ma pathologies ena.

Ndi zaka, chiopsezo cha khansa ya sigmoid colon chikuwonjezeka. Koma osati zaka zomwe zimayambitsa, koma kusintha kwa moyo wa munthu: kuyenda kochepa, kunenepa kwambiri, mankhwala pafupipafupi.

Kwa anthu onse, kulakalaka kwambiri zakudya za carcinogenic, nyama, ndi chakudya chofulumira kumakhala kowopsa. Khansara imayamba chifukwa cha mowa komanso kusuta.

Kuledzera kosalekeza kwa thupi ndi zinthu zowola, kukhudzana ndi poizoni pamatumbo am'mimba kumabweretsa kukula kwa epithelium. Epithelium yomwe ikukula ndi chizindikiro chakuti polyp yayamba kupanga. Matendawa amaonedwa kuti ndi oopsa ndipo popanda kuyang'anitsitsa ndi kuchiza, polyp ikhoza kubadwanso.

Mu sigmoid colon, kutuluka kwa magazi kumachepa. Izi zimachepetsanso kukula kwa zotupa, kotero zimatha kukula kwa nthawi yayitali. Khoma la peritoneum sililola kuzindikira zizindikiro zina zakunja za kukula kwa chotupa. Zonsezi, kuphatikiza kusapezeka pafupipafupi kwa zizindikiro, zimapangitsa kuti khansa ya m'matumbo a sigmoid ikhale yovuta kuizindikira.

Magawo a khansa ya m'matumbo a sigmoid

Khansara imagawidwa m'magawo malinga ndi kunyalanyaza kwa matendawa. Ndi gawo lililonse, mwayi wa wodwalayo wokhala ndi moyo ndikutalikitsa moyo atalandira chithandizo kwa zaka zosachepera zisanu umachepa.

Gawo 0. Imatchedwanso "cancer in situ" - in situ. Ili ndilo gawo loyambirira la matendawa. Panthawi imeneyi, njira ya pathological imapezeka m'matumbo a m'mimba.

Gawo 1. Pali kale chotupa kukula mu mucous nembanemba, koma si kupitirira izo. Kuthekera kwa kuchiza panthawiyi ndikokwera kwambiri - mu 96 - 99% ya milandu.

Gawo 2. Amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri kutengera momwe chotupacho chikukulira.

  • mtundu II-A - minyewa yokhudzidwa imafalikira mu lumen ya m'mimba, kutsekereza pafupifupi theka, kuchuluka kwa moyo kuli pafupifupi 95%;
  • mtundu II-B - chotupa chimazama mu minofu ya khoma la m`mimba thirakiti, koma maselo metastatic si kufalikira, chiwerengero cha kupulumuka mu mtundu uwu ndi otsika.

Gawo 3. Ndi munthawi imeneyi pomwe metastases imatha kuwonekera. Gawo 3 lagawidwanso m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.

  • mtundu III-A - chotupa kufalikira mu matumbo lumen, palibe metastasis, koma chotupa ndi voluminous kuti clogs pafupifupi lonse m`matumbo lumen, ndi matenda zabwino amadziwika 58 - 60% odwala;
  • mtundu wa III-B - chotupacho chimalowa m'matumbo a m'mimba, ma metastases amodzi ku ma lymph nodes amawonedwa, kupulumuka kumachepanso - 40 - 45% yokha ya milandu.

Gawo 4. Pa gawo lomaliza, metastases imafalikira ku ziwalo zakutali ndi ma lymph nodes. Chotupacho nthawi yomweyo chimazama mu minofu ya ziwalo zomwe zili pafupi - nthawi zambiri m'chiwindi. Ndizovuta kuthandiza odwala panthawiyi; 8-10% yokha ya odwala amatha kuchira.

Panthawi imeneyi, palinso kugawanika kukhala subtypes, popeza chotupa chimakhudza madera osiyanasiyana.

  • subtype 4A - chotupacho chimakula m'zigawo zonse za matumbo, pali 1 metastasis yakutali (mwachitsanzo, m'mapapo), pamene ziwalo zoyandikana sizingakhudzidwe konse ndi chotupacho;
  • subtype 4B - chotupa kwathunthu kapena pang'ono zimamera khoma la matumbo, pali 1 metastasis ku ziwalo zakutali kapena angapo ku ma lymph nodes, pangakhale kapena sangakhale metastases ku ziwalo zapafupi;
  • subtype 4C - chotupacho chakula kupyola khoma lamatumbo kwathunthu. Pali ma metastases mu ziwalo zapafupi, chotupacho chimatha kufalikira kumadera akutali a peritoneum, sipangakhale ma metastases akutali.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'matumbo a sigmoid

Pazigawo zoyamba, sipangakhale zizindikiro konse, ndipo uku ndiko kuopsa kwa matendawa. Zizindikiro zomwe zimawonekera nthawi zambiri zimasokonezeka ndi matenda ena kapena osapita kwa dokotala nkomwe.

Khansara ya sigmoid colon imatha kuwonetsedwa ndi flatulence, belching, kulira m'mimba. Kutsekula m'mimba ndi kudzimbidwa nthawi zambiri zimasinthana. Kutsekemera kwa ntchofu ndi magazi kungawonekere mu ndowe - ambiri amasokoneza izi ndi zotupa. Ndi chitukuko cha chotupa, kupweteka m'mimba, kusapeza bwino pakuyenda kwa matumbo, kumverera kosakwanira kutulutsa m'matumbo kumasokoneza.

M'magawo omaliza a matendawa, zizindikiro zambiri zimawonekera: kutopa, nseru pafupipafupi, malungo, mutu. Munthu amataya thupi, amataya chilakolako. Khungu limakhala lotuwa kapena lachikasu, lotuwa. Chiwindi chikhoza kukulitsidwa ndipo hemoglobin m’mwazi imachepa.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'matumbo a sigmoid

Chithandizo cha matenda oterowo nthawi zonse chimakhala chovuta - simungathe kuchita ndi njira imodzi yokha, ngakhale yabwino kwambiri. Chithandizo chidzaphatikizapo opaleshoni, radiotherapy ndi chemotherapy.

Udindo wofunikira umaperekedwa ku chithandizo cha opaleshoni. Ngati chotupacho ndi chaching'ono ndipo mizere yake ikuwonekera bwino, minofu yomwe yakhudzidwayo imatha kuchotsedwa. Pang'onopang'ono m'pofunika excise mbali ya matumbo akhudzidwa, komanso mwanabele. Ngati chotupacho ndi "chosavuta" - chaching'ono ndi chochepa, chikhoza kuchotsedwa ndi njira yofatsa. Kupyolera mu punctures yaing'ono, endoscope imayikidwa, yomwe imapewa opaleshoni ya m'mimba.

Pochiza khansa ya siteji yotsiriza muzochitika zapamwamba, kuchotsa kwathunthu kwa sigmoid colon sikungalephereke. Kuchotsa ndowe ndi mpweya, colostomy imayikidwa, nthawi zina kwa moyo wonse, chifukwa sikutheka kuchotsa zinthu zopangira chakudya mwachizolowezi.

Diagnostics

Kuwunika kuyenera kukhala kosamalitsa, ndikoopsa kwambiri kusokoneza khansa ndi matenda ena, osawopsa kwambiri.

Ngati pali madandaulo, dokotala akhoza kuchita kafukufuku wa digito wa rectum. Kenako, endoscopic mayeso zotchulidwa: colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy. Njirazo zimakhala zowawa, nthawi zina anesthesia imafunika. Odwala ena sayenera kukhala ndi colonoscopy. Panthawi yophunzira, endoscope imayikidwa mu anus, kufufuza matumbo. Amatenganso biopsy ya madera okayikitsa - zidzatheka kudziwa momwe chotupacho chimapangidwira komanso mawonekedwe ake, mitundu yake. Chithandizo chidzadaliranso izi.

Pali njira yocheperako - irrigoscopy. Wodwala amatenga njira ya barium yomwe imadzaza matumbo. Kenaka, x-ray imatengedwa, yomwe imasonyeza momwe matumbo apangidwira ndi mapindikidwe ake.

Onse ultrasound ndi MRI pamimba pamimba ntchito. Ndi chithandizo chawo, mutha kuyesa kukula kwa chotupacho, kukhalapo kwa metastases. Kuyezetsa magazi kwa zolembera zotupa ndikofunikiranso.

Mankhwala amakono

Kuphatikiza pa chithandizo cha opaleshoni, chotupacho chimakhudzidwa mochenjera kwambiri. Chemotherapy imawononga minofu yomwe yakhudzidwa ndikulepheretsa chotupacho kukula. Mankhwala oopsa amakhudza thupi lonse, koma mankhwalawa ndi othandiza kwambiri. Chemotherapy imalepheretsa kukula kwa chotupa ndipo imalepheretsa kuyambiranso kwa matendawa. Izo zotchulidwa onse isanayambe kapena itatha opaleshoni kulimbikitsa zotsatira.

Radiotherapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala, chifukwa pali ngozi yowononga makoma a m'mimba. Ndiwothandiza kwambiri pa khansa ya sigmoid colon.

Kupewa khansa ya m'matumbo a sigmoid kunyumba

Anthu onse ayesedwe. Palinso mapulogalamu a boma oyezera khansa ya m'mimba - ndizovomerezeka kwa aliyense wazaka zopitilira 50. Pulogalamuyi imaphatikizapo kuyezetsa magazi kwa ndowe (zomwe ziyenera kutengedwa zaka ziwiri zilizonse) ndi colonoscopy (zaka 2 zilizonse).

Ndikofunika kuyang'anira zakudya zanu, kupewa kudzimbidwa ndi kutsekula m'mimba, kudya nyama yochepa ndi ufa woyera, ndi masamba ambiri ndi fiber. Masewera, kukhala ndi moyo wokangalika kungathandize, apo ayi matumbo motility adzachepa.

Ndikofunika kuti musayambe chithandizo cha matenda opweteka a m'mimba monga colitis. Pewani kusuta ndi mowa.

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

Kuti mudziteteze ku matenda owopsa oterowo, dzipatseni chidziwitso ndikupita kwa dokotala munthawi yake mosakayikira pang'ono. Adayankha mafunso ofunikira kwambiri okhudza khansa ya m'matumbo ya sigmoid Therapist Yulia Tkachenko.

Chifukwa chiyani khansa ya m'matumbo ya sigmoid imakhala yofala kwambiri m'mizinda yayikulu? Kodi zimagwirizana ndi chilengedwe?
Khansara ya m'mimba ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chitukuko chake chimadalira zonse zobadwa nazo komanso moyo.

Kafukufuku wamkulu wasonyeza kuti zakudya zokhala ndi nyama yofiira, komanso kuchepa kwa ulusi wa zomera, mbewu zonse, ndi calcium, zimagwirizana ndi chitukuko cha khansa ya m'matumbo. Anthu okhala m’matauni amadziwika kuti amadya zakudya zopatsa thanzi mochepa motero amadwala matenda a m’matumbo kaŵirikaŵiri kusiyana ndi anthu akumidzi.

Kuchepetsa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kunenepa kwambiri kumakhalabe zinthu zofunika kwambiri, zomwe zimachitika kwambiri kwa anthu okhala m'matauni kuposa omwe amakhala m'midzi ndi midzi.

Ndi zizindikiro zabwino ziti zomwe mungawone dokotala kuti azindikire khansara mwachangu momwe mungathere?
Khansara ya m'matumbo nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda zizindikiro kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo pambuyo pake imadzimva yokha.

Zizindikiro za nkhawa ndi kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha chopondapo. Kudzimbidwa kumasinthasintha ndi chimbudzi chokhumudwitsa. Pakhoza kukhala kusakaniza kwa magazi, kupweteka, kumverera kosakwanira kukhuthula.

Komanso, pali zizindikiro zambiri, monga kutentha kwa thupi kosalekeza kumapachikidwa mpaka madigiri 37-37,5, kuwonda, kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya ndi kudana ndi chakudya, kufooka kwakukulu. Zizindikiro zonsezi zimasonyeza kuti muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala mwamsanga.

Ngati mukudandaula za kupweteka kwa m'mimba kapena kusintha kwa chopondapo, muyenera kuyamba ndi kukambirana ndi gastroenterologist. Ndipo ngati pali mavuto ndi matumbo ndi maonekedwe a magazi mu chopondapo, ndi bwino kukaonana ndi proctologist. Ngati zizindikiro za matendawa zikukuvutitsani, muyenera kukaonana ndi sing'anga kapena sing'anga.

Kodi pali njira zabwino zopewera khansa ya m'matumbo a sigmoid?
Njira zothandiza kwambiri zopewera khansa ya m'matumbo ndi rectal ndizomwe zimalimbana ndi zoopsa.

Tsoka ilo, sitingathe kusintha chibadwa, choncho ndikofunikira kukonza moyo. Kusiya kusuta, kukhala wokangalika, ndi kuchepa thupi kufika pamlingo wabwinobwino kungathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'matumbo. Muyeneranso kuyang'anitsitsa zakudya zanu. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kumvetsetsa kufunika kowunika pafupipafupi, pakatha zaka 50 aliyense amafunikira.

Kodi ndizowona kuti khansa ya sigmoid "imasowa" pakuwunika kwachipatala nthawi zambiri kuposa khansa yam'mimba?
Khansara ya m'matumbo a Sigmoid sidziwika kawirikawiri, chifukwa zizindikiro zake siziwoneka bwino poyerekeza ndi khansa ya m'matumbo.

Siyani Mumakonda