M'mapulogalamu, mindandanda imakhala yothandiza ngati mawonekedwe a data. Kodi ndandanda, momwe kulenga iwo? Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mindandanda ku Python? Muphunzira za izi m'nkhani yathu.

Kodi mindandanda mu Python ndi chiyani?

Mndandanda ukhoza kudziwika pang'ono ndi magulu, koma kusiyana ndi ubwino wa mindandanda (kupanda kutero amatchedwanso mindandanda) ndikuti amatha kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya data. Ndiko kuti, mndandandawu umatsegula mwayi wambiri wosunga mndandanda wazinthu zilizonse. Zosintha, zomwe zimatchedwa mndandanda, zimakhala ndi mawu okhudzana ndi kamangidwe kamene kamakhala ndi maumboni azinthu zina.

Mndandanda mu Python ndi mndandanda wazinthu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zomwe zitha kusinthidwa komanso zomwe zinthu zake zimatha kusiyana.

Zikutanthauza chiyani? Tiyeni tione tanthauzo lake mwatsatanetsatane.

Kukula kwa mndandandawu ukhoza kusinthidwa, kuchepetsedwa, mizere yatsopano yowonjezerapo. Mukhozanso kusintha dongosolo lonse la mndandanda. Kumbukirani kuti nthawi iliyonse mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe ili pamndandanda, mndandanda woyambirira umasinthidwa, osati kukopera.

Kuti mumveke bwino, mutha kuganiza za mndandanda wa Python ngati mndandanda wazinthu zomwe ziyenera kugulidwa m'sitolo. Ngati, popanga mapulani ogula, zinthu zonse zofunika zili m'munsi mwa chimzake, ndipo chilichonse chili ndi mzere wake, ndiye kuti mindandanda ya Python ili ndi zinthu zonse zolekanitsidwa ndi ma comma ndi mabulaketi akulu kuti Python amvetsetse kuti mndandanda wasonyezedwa apa. Zinthuzo zatsekeredwa mu ma quotation marks. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chovomerezeka, chifukwa chinthu chilichonse ndi mzere wosiyana.

Njira zopangira mndandanda

Kupitilira ku chitsanzo chapamwamba, tiyeni tipange mndandanda womwe tidzagwiritse ntchito ndikusintha mtsogolo. Pali njira zingapo zopangira mindandanda.

Chimodzi mwa izo ndi ntchito mndandanda wa ntchito zomangidwa (). Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukonza chinthu chilichonse chomwe chingabwerezedwe (chingwe, tuple, kapena mndandanda womwe ulipo). Pankhaniyi, chingwe.

Nazi zomwe zimachitika pamapeto pake:

>>> list('list') ['c', 'n', 'i', 'c', 'o', 'to']

Chitsanzo chachiwiri chikuwonetsa kuti mndandanda ukhoza kukhala ndi chiwerengero chopanda malire cha zinthu zosiyana kwambiri. Komanso, mndandandawu ukhoza kukhala wopanda kanthu.

>>> s = [] # Mndandanda wopanda kanthu >>> l = ['s', 'p', ['isok'], 2] >>> s [] >>> l ['s', 'p' , ['isok'], 2]

Chotsatira, chachitatu, njira yopangira mindandanda ndiyo yotchedwa jenereta ya mndandanda.

Jenereta ya mndandanda ndi njira yopangira kupanga mindandanda. Izi ndizofanana ndi za loop.

>>> c = [c * 3 kwa c mu 'mndandanda'] >>> c ['ll', 'iii', 'ss', 'ttt']

Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga zomanga zokulirapo:

>>> c = [c * 3 kwa c mu 'mndandanda' ngati c != 'i'] >>> c ['ll', 'sss', 'ttt'] >>> c = [c + d kwa c mu 'mndandanda' ngati c != 'i' kwa d mu 'spam' ngati d != 'a'] >>> c ['ls', 'lp', 'lm', 'ss', 'sp' , 'sm', 'ts', 'tp', 'tm']

Komabe, njira ya m'badwo uno sikhala yothandiza nthawi zonse polemba mindandanda ingapo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito loop kuti mupange mindandanda.

Ngati mukufuna kutchula chinthu chilichonse pamndandanda, ndiye kuti ma index amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chilichonse chili ndi index yake.

Mndandanda ndi nambala ya chinthu chomwe chili pamndandanda.

Ngati mukufuna kudzaza mndandandawo ndi zinthu zobwerezabwereza, zofanana, chizindikiro * chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kuwonjezera manambala atatu ofanana pamndandanda: [100] * 3.

Kulemba ntchito

Nchito - ichi mwina ndiye mwayi waukulu wa Python kuposa zilankhulo zina zamapulogalamu. Ntchito zoyambira zomangidwira zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamndandanda.

Taganizirani otchuka kwambiri mwa iwo:

• mndandanda (mtundu ( )) - ngati ntchitoyo ndi kupanga mndandanda wotsatizana, ndiye kuti ntchito yamtunduwu imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ntchitoyi ili ndi mawonekedwe awa:

1. range (mapeto). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pakufunika kupanga ndandanda kuchokera ku ziro kupita ku nambala yomaliza.
2. range (chiyambi, mapeto). Nambala zoyambira ndi zomaliza zafotokozedwa.
3. range (chiyambi, mapeto, sitepe). Sitepe parameter imafotokoza za kusankha. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kusankha nambala yachisanu iliyonse kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 21, ndiye kuti mndandandawo udzawoneka ngati: [10,15, 20].

Ntchito zosiyanasiyana zimatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa code.

• fulakesi (mndandanda) - amakulolani kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili pamndandanda.
• zasankhidwa (mndandanda, [kiyi]) - amasanja zinthu zomwe zili pamndandandawo mokwera.
• zambiri (mndandanda) - imabweretsa chinthu chachikulu kwambiri.
• mphindi (mndandanda) - ntchito yotsutsana - imakupatsani mwayi wobwezera chinthucho ndi mtengo wocheperako.

Mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito zina zomanga:

• list (tuple) - Atembenuza chinthu cha tuple kukhala mndandanda.
• kuchuluka (mndandanda) - imawerengera zinthu zonse pamndandanda ngati ziwerengero zonse ndi manambala, zimagwiranso ntchito pamagulu onse ndi ma decimal. Komabe, sikuti nthawi zonse amamvetsa bwino. Ngati pali chinthu chomwe sichinali manambala pamndandanda, ntchitoyi iponya zolakwika: “TypeError: mtundu(ma) osagwirizana ndi +: 'int' ndi 'str'”.

Njira Zolembera

Tiyeni tibwererenso pamndandanda wathu wazinthu zomwe tingagule m'sitolo ndikuzitcha kuti sitolo:

shoplist = []

Kenaka, ganizirani njira zolembera:

• kuwonjezera (chinthu) - ndi chithandizo chake, mutha kuwonjezera chinthu pamndandanda. Pankhaniyi, chinthu chatsopano chidzakhala kumapeto.

Tiyeni tidzaze mndandanda wathu watsopano ndi zinthu zoyenera:

shoplist.append(mkate)

shoplist.append(mkaka)

• mndandanda.onjezera (A) - amawonjezera "mndandanda wa mndandanda". Izi zimapulumutsa nthawi chifukwa mutha kuwonjezera zinthu zingapo nthawi imodzi. Tinene kuti tili kale ndi mndandanda wa zipatso, tiyenera kuziwonjezera pamndandanda waukulu.

shoplist.extend(zipatso)

• lowetsa (index, item) - amaika pa chinthucho ndi ndondomeko yotchulidwa mtengo wotchulidwa patsogolo pa ndondomeko yotchulidwa.
• chiwerengero (chinthu) - ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa kubwereza kwa chinthucho.
• mndandanda.chotsani (item) ndi ntchito yosiyana mndandanda.kuwonjezera (x). Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa chinthu chilichonse. Ngati chinthu chosankhidwa sichili pamndandanda, cholakwika chimanenedwa.
• pop ([index]) - amachotsa chinthu chosankhidwa ndikuchibwezeretsanso chimodzimodzi. Ngati chinthucho sichinatchulidwe, ndiye kuti chomaliza chimachotsedwa pamndandanda.
• mtundu ([kiyi]) - imayika zinthu zomwe zili pamndandandawo mokwera, koma mutha kufotokozeranso ntchito.
• index (chinthu) - ikuwonetsa mlozera wa chinthu choyamba chosankhidwa.
• Mutha kukulitsa mndandanda, ndiye kuti, kuwonetsa zinthu zake zonse, pogwiritsa ntchito njirayo kumbuyo(mndandanda). Chinthu chotsiriza chimakhala choyamba, chotsatira chimakhala chachiwiri, ndi zina zotero.
• Kope la mndandanda limapangidwa ndi lamulo kukopera (mndandanda).
• deepcopy(mndandanda) - kukopera mozama.
• Chotsani zinthu zonse zandandanda pogwiritsa ntchito njira clear(mndandanda).

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti njira zolembera zimasiyana ndi njira za zingwe zomwe zimasintha nthawi yomweyo mndandanda, ndiko kuti, palibe chifukwa chobwezera zotsatira za kuphedwa.

>>> l = [1, 2, 3, 5, 7] >>> l.sort() >>> l [1, 2, 3, 5, 7] >>> l = l.sort() > >> sindikiza (l) Palibe

Ichi ndi chitsanzo cha ntchito ndi mindandanda:

>>> a = [66.25, 333, 333, 1, 1234.5] >>> sindikizani(a.count(333), a.count(66.25), a.count('x')) 2 1 0 >>> a.insert(2, -1) >>> a.append(333) >>> a [66.25, 333, -1, 333, 1, 1234.5, 333] >>> a.index(333) 1 >> > a.remove(333) >>> a [66.25, -1, 333, 1, 1234.5, 333] >>> a.reverse() >>> a [333, 1234.5, 1, 333, -1, 66.25] ] >>> a.sort() >>> a [-1, 1, 66.25, 333, 333, 1234.5]