Machulukitsidwe otsika - zimayambitsa, zizindikiro, chithandizo. Kodi kuyeza machulukitsidwe?

Zomwe zatsimikiziridwa

Kuchuluka kwa okosijeni m'magazi, kumasonyeza kuchuluka kwa okosijeni m'thupi lathu limodzi ndi maselo ofiira a magazi. Machulukitsidwe wamba nthawi zambiri amakhala pakati pa 95% ndi 100% mwa akulu ambiri athanzi. Mulingo uliwonse pansi apa umatchedwa kutsika kochepa. Kutsika kwapansi kumakhala kosokoneza ndipo kumafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwamsanga chifukwa zikutanthauza kuti ziwalo zathu, minyewa, ndi maselo sakupeza mpweya wofunikira kuti agwire bwino ntchito.

Kukhathamira kwa mpweya wamagazi

Kuti mumvetse momwe magazi amakhudzira mpweya, m'pofunika kulankhula za alveoli (Chilatini. alveoli ya m'mapapo). M'mapapu muli “matumba a mpweya” ang'onoang'ono mamiliyoni ambiriwa. Amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri: kusinthanitsa mamolekyu a oxygen ndi carbon dioxide kulowa ndi kutuluka m'magazi.

Mamolekyu a okosijeni akadutsa mu alveoli ya m’mapapo, amamanga ku hemoglobin, chinthu chimene chili m’mwazi.

Pamene hemoglobin imayenda, okosijeni amamangiriridwako ndipo amatumizidwa ku minofu ya thupi. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti himogulobini itseke mpweya woipa kuchokera m’minyewa n’kuibwezanso m’mafupa ake kuti ayambenso kuyenda.

Miyezo ya okosijeni m'magazi imadalira zinthu zingapo zofunika:

1. Kodi timakoka mpweya wochuluka bwanji?
2. Kodi ming'oma imasintha bwanji mpweya woipa kukhala mpweya?
3. Kodi hemoglobini imayikidwa bwanji m'maselo ofiira a magazi?
4. Kodi hemoglobin imakopa bwanji oxygen?

Nthawi zambiri, hemoglobini imakhala ndi okosijeni wokwanira kukwaniritsa zosowa za thupi. Komabe, matenda ena amachepetsa mphamvu yake yomanga ndi mpweya.

Selo lililonse la magazi lili ndi mamolekyu a himogulobini pafupifupi 270 miliyoni. Komabe, vuto lililonse limene lingalepheretse thupi kupanga maselo ofiira a m’magazi lingachititse kuti hemoglobini ikhale yochepa, ndipo mpweya umene ungathe kulowa m’magazi umakhala wochepa kwambiri.

Onaninso: Kodi kuchepa kwa hemoglobini kumatanthauza chiyani?

Machulukidwe otsika - zopatuka kuchokera pazokhazikika

Miyezo ya okosijeni m'magazi imatithandiza kudziwa momwe mapapo athu, mtima wathu komanso dongosolo lozungulira magazi likuyendera bwino. Mlingo wa okosijeni m'magazi a munthu wathanzi umasiyana kuchokera ku 95% mpaka 100%. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi maselo onse ofiira amanyamula mpweya kupita ku maselo ndi minofu. Anthu omwe amakhala pamalo okwera kapena omwe ali ndi mitundu ina ya matenda osatha, monga mphumu, emphysema, kapena matenda osachiritsika a m'mapapo (COPD), amawerengera mochepa.

Mpweya wochepa, womwe umadziwikanso kuti hypoxemia, umawerengedwa ngati kuwerenga pakati pa 90% ndi 92%. Kuwerenga kochepa kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti tingafunike mpweya wowonjezera kapena kuti pangakhale mavuto omwe amakhudza mapapu athu. Zotsatira zomwe zili pansi pa 90% zikuwonetsa kuti tiyenera kupita kuchipatala.

Machulukitsidwe otsika - zimayambitsa

Kusokonezeka kwa magazi, vuto la kayendedwe ka magazi, ndi mavuto a m'mapapo zingalepheretse thupi lanu kuyamwa kapena kunyamula mpweya wokwanira. Izi, nazonso, zimatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa okosijeni m'magazi.

Zitsanzo za zinthu zomwe zingakhudze machulukitsidwe ndi monga:

1. matenda opuma (monga chimfine, chimfine, COVID-19) chifukwa amatha kusokoneza kupuma komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya;
2. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): gulu la matenda aakulu a m’mapapo amene amapangitsa kupuma kukhala kovuta;
3. mphumu: matenda osatha a m'mapapo omwe amayambitsa kupindika kwa njira zodutsa mpweya;
4. pneumothorax: kugwa pang'ono kapena kwathunthu kwa mapapo;
5. kuchepa magazi: kusowa kwa maselo ofiira athanzi;
6. matenda a mtima: gulu la zinthu zomwe zimakhudza momwe mtima umagwirira ntchito;
7. pulmonary embolism: pamene magazi kuundana kumayambitsa kutsekeka kwa mtsempha wa m'mapapo;
8. Congenital heart disease: Kupunduka kwa mtima komwe kumachitika munthu akabadwa.

Onaninso: 10 matenda ambiri a m'magazi

Kodi kuyeza machulukitsidwe?

Kuchuluka kwa okosijeni kumayesedwa m'njira ziwiri: gasometry ndi pulse oximetry.

Mpweya wamagazi nthawi zambiri umachitika m'chipatala, pomwe pulse oximetry imachitika m'malo osiyanasiyana azachipatala, kuphatikiza ofesi ya dokotala.

Kuyesa kwa machulukitsidwe - gasometry

Mpweya wamagazi ndi kuyesa magazi. Imayesa kuchuluka kwa okosijeni m'magazi. Imathanso kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wina m'magazi komanso pH (acid / base level). Kuyeza gasi wamagazi ndikolondola kwambiri, koma ndikosokoneza.

Kuti mupeze muyeso pakuyezetsa uku, dokotala wanu atenga magazi kuchokera mumtsempha wanu, osati mtsempha. Mosiyana ndi mitsempha, mitsempha imakhala ndi kugunda komwe mungathe kumva. Magazi otengedwa m'mitsempha amadzazanso ndi okosijeni, ndipo magazi m'mitsempha yathu alibe. Kuyezetsako kumagwiritsa ntchito mtsempha wa mtsempha wa m’dzanja chifukwa n’kosavuta kumva poyerekeza ndi mitsempha ina. Komabe, dzanja ndi lovuta kwambiri lomwe limapangitsa kuyesa magazi kukhala kovuta kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitsempha yomwe ili pafupi ndi chigongono. Mitsempha imakhalanso yozama kuposa mitsempha, zomwe zimawonjezera kusamva bwino. Chitsanzocho chimawunikidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi makina kapena mu labotale.

Zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa kuchokera ku mayeso a gasometry zitha kupatsa dokotala lingaliro la momwe hemoglobin imasinthira bwino mpweya ndi mpweya woipa.

Machulukitsidwe mayeso - pulse oximetry

Pulse oximeter ndi chipangizo chosasokoneza chomwe chimayesa kuchuluka kwa okosijeni m'magazi anu. Imachita izi potumiza kuwala kwa infrared ku ma capillaries a chala, phazi, kapena khutu. Kenako imayesa kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumawonekera kuchokera ku mpweya.

Kuwerengaku kukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi athu omwe amakhutitsidwa, omwe amadziwika kuti mulingo wa SpO2. Mayesowa ali ndi zenera lolakwika la 2%. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti kuŵerengako kungakhale kokwera kapena kutsika ndi 2 peresenti kuposa mlingo weniweni wa okosijeni m’mwazi wanu. Pulse oximetry ikhoza kukhala yolondola pang'ono, koma madokotala amatha kuchita izi mosavuta.

Komabe, m'pofunika kudziwa kuti, mwachitsanzo, kupukuta kwa misomali yakuda kapena miyendo yozizira kungapangitse zotsatira zoyesa kukhala zochepa kuposa zachibadwa. Dokotala wanu akhoza kuchotsa misomali musanagwiritse ntchito chipangizocho kapena ngati kuwerenga kukuwoneka kotsika kwambiri.

Popeza kuti pulse oximeter sichitha, omasuka kudziyesa nokha. Ma pulse monitors amatha kugulidwa m'masitolo ambiri okhudzana ndi thanzi kapena pa intaneti. Komabe, ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala musanagwiritse ntchito chipangizo chanu chapakhomo pasadakhale kuti mumvetse momwe mungatanthauzire zotsatira zake.

Onaninso: Kusuta ndi matenda!

Low machulukitsidwe - zizindikiro

Machulukidwe otsika angayambitse kufalikira kwachilendo ndikuyambitsa zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

1. dyspnea;
2. mutu;
3. nkhawa;
4. chizungulire;
5. kupuma mofulumira;
6. kupweteka pachifuwa;
7. chisokonezo;
8. kuthamanga kwa magazi;
9. kusowa kwa mgwirizano;
10. masomphenya omveka;
11. kumverera kwa chisangalalo;
12. kugunda kwamtima mwachangu.

Ngati timachulukirachulukira kwa nthawi yayitali, titha kuwonetsa zizindikiro za cyanosis. Chizindikiro cha matendawa ndi mtundu wa buluu wa misomali, khungu, ndi mucous nembanemba. Cyanosis imatengedwa ngati mwadzidzidzi. Ngati tiwona zizindikiro zake, tiyenera kupita kuchipatala mwamsanga. Cyanosis imatha kuyambitsa kulephera kupuma komwe kumatha kuyika moyo pachiwopsezo.

Machulukitsidwe otsika - zovuta

Machulukidwe otsika amatha kusokoneza kuchuluka kwa okosijeni m'matenda amthupi, kuphatikiza ziwalo ndi minofu. Matendawa amatchedwa hypoxia.

Maselo athu amatha kutengera kusowa kwa okosijeni pamene kusowa kwake kuli kochepa. Komabe, ndi zofooka zazikulu, kuwonongeka kwa maselo kumatha kuchitika, kenako kufa kwa cell.

Hypoxia nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha hypoxemia, koma imathanso kuchitika ngati:

1. mulibe maselo ofiira okwanira kunyamula mpweya kupita ku minofu. Zomwe zimayambitsa ndikuphatikizira magazi ambiri chifukwa chovulala kapena sickle cell anemia.
2. magazi osakwanira. Pankhaniyi, mwachitsanzo, ndi sitiroko, yomwe imachitika pamene magazi opita kudera linalake la ubongo ndi otsika, kapena matenda a mtima, pamene magazi akuchepa kwambiri ku minofu ya mtima. Mikhalidwe yonseyi imayambitsa kufa kwa maselo ndi minofu.
3. minyewa imafunikira magazi ambiri okosijeni kuposa omwe angapatsidwe. Matenda owopsa, omwe amatsogolera ku sepsis, angayambitse hypoxemia ndipo pamapeto pake ziwalo zimalephera.

Onaninso: Hypoxia ya ubongo - zizindikiro, zotsatira

Machulukitsidwe otsika - chithandizo

Ponseponse, machulukitsidwe pansi pa 95% amawonedwa ngati zotsatira zachilendo, ndipo chilichonse chochepera 90% ndichowopsa.

Izi zikachitika, chithandizo cha okosijeni chimafunika - nthawi zina mwachangu. Ubongo ndiye chiwalo chochepa kwambiri cha hypoxic, ndipo maselo aubongo amatha kufa mkati mwa mphindi zisanu atasowa mpweya. Ngati hypoxia itenga nthawi yayitali, chikomokere, kukomoka, ndi kufa kwaubongo kumatha kuchitika.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhazikitsa chifukwa chotsika kwambiri kuti mukonze vutoli. M'matenda osatha monga COPD ndi mphumu, chomwe chimayambitsa nthawi zambiri chimakhala kusinthana kwa mpweya m'mapapu ndi alveoli. Kuphatikiza pa chithandizo cha okosijeni, ma steroids kapena bronchodilators (recue inhalers) angafunike kuti atsegule njira zodutsa mpweya.

M'mikhalidwe yozungulira magazi monga matenda a mtima, magazi osakwanira amatha kuchepetsa mpweya wabwino. Mankhwala omwe amathandizira kuti mtima ugwire bwino ntchito, monga ma beta blockers a mtima kulephera kapena mankhwala a mtima arrhythmias, angathandize kuwongolera mpweya.

Ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, magazi amalowa m'matupi amachepa chifukwa mulibe maselo ofiira athanzi okwanira omwe ali ndi hemoglobini kuti azinyamula mpweya. Nthawi zina kuthiridwa magazi ofiira kumakhala kofunikira kuti awonjezere kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira athanzi.

Onaninso: Pharmacological chikomokere - ndichiyani? Kodi wodwala amayikidwa bwanji mu pharmacological coma? [TIKUFOTOKOZA]

Kuchuluka kwa okosijeni - momwe mungawonjezere kuchuluka kwa okosijeni m'magazi?

Mutha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa okosijeni m'magazi anu. Njira zina ndi zomwe tingathe kuchita tokha.

Tsegulani zenera kapena tulukani panja kuti mupume mpweya wabwino. Chinachake chosavuta monga kutsegula mazenera kapena kuyenda pang'ono kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa okosijeni woperekedwa ku thupi, zomwe zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa oxygen m'magazi. Lilinso ndi ubwino monga chimbudzi bwino ndi mphamvu zambiri.

Siyani kusuta. Patangotha ​​milungu iwiri yokha osasuta, ambiri amapeza kuti kuzungulira kwawo ndi mpweya wonse wa okosijeni zimapita patsogolo kwambiri. Munthawi yaifupi iyi, ntchito yamapapu imatha kuwonjezeka mpaka 30%.

Kusunga zomera zochepa kunyumba. Zomera zapakhomo zawonetsedwa kuti zimathandiza kuyeretsa mpweya wamkati. Amachotsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide ndikubwezeretsanso mpweya wa okosijeni m'chipindamo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi litenge mpweya wambiri.

Zochita zopumira. Akatswiri obwezeretsa kupuma amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito masewera olimbitsa thupi osavuta, monga kupuma pakamwa komanso kupuma kwambiri m'mimba, kuti mutsegule mpweya wanu ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'thupi lanu.

Titha kugwiritsa ntchito pulse oximeter kuti tiwone kuchuluka kwa okosijeni m'magazi kunyumba ndikugwiritsa ntchito zina mwa njira zachilengedwezi kuti tiwonjezere kuchuluka kwa okosijeni m'magazi patokha.

Onaninso: Kuyenda ndi njira ya thanzi