Zamkatimu
Vuto la kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana, komanso akuluakulu, limapezeka pamene mphamvu zowonjezera zimaposa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Malingaliro olakwika achikhalidwe, omwe amavomerezedwa m'mabanja ambiri, kuti chidzalo cha mwanayo ndi chizindikiro cha thanzi lake ndi umboni wa chisamaliro chabwino kwa iye, wabweretsa mavuto ambiri ku thanzi la ana. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ana amalemera, makolo ambiri satsatira malamulo a zakudya za ana athanzi.
Mitundu ndi magawo a kunenepa kwaubwana
Chizindikiro cha chidzalo cha ana chimaonedwa kuti ndi makulidwe a khungu la mwanayo, komanso chiŵerengero chopotoka cha kulemera kwa msinkhu. Pali matebulo a kulemera kwabwino kwa thupi la mwana pa msinkhu uliwonse, poganizira za jenda la ana.
Kupatuka kwa chizolowezi, kufotokozedwa ngati kuchuluka, kumathandiza kukhazikitsa siteji ya kunenepa kwambiri kwaubwana:
Gawo 1 - Kupatuka kwa thupi kuchokera ku 10 mpaka 29%
Gawo 2 - kulemera kumaposa chizolowezi kuchokera 30 mpaka 49%;
Gawo 3 - owonjezera ndi 50 mpaka 99%;
Gawo 4 - kulemera kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi 2 kuwirikiza kawiri (100%).
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya kunenepa kwaubwana:
alimentary - zotsatira za kudya kwambiri komanso kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi;
endocrine - chifukwa cha zovuta za metabolic ndi matenda a endocrine system;
neurogenic - zotsatira za neuroinfections kapena zotupa muubongo.
Gawo la kunenepa kwambiri kwa thupi limakhudza pafupifupi 95% ya milandu yonse ya matendawa. Mofanana ndi akuluakulu, kunenepa kwambiri paubwana kumagawidwa ndi mankhwala ngati matenda odziimira okha omwe ali ndi zotsatira zoopsa. Oposa theka la ana onenepa kwambiri, akukula, samachotsa izo, koma amapeza zovuta zazikulu za kunenepa kwawo.
Zoyambitsa ndi zotsatira za kunenepa kwaubwana
Kunenepa kwambiri, kukwiyitsidwa ndi kudya kwambiri komanso kukhala ndi moyo wongokhala, kumakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonekere.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kunenepa kwaubwana:
Kutengera cholowa cha khalidwe kudya anatengera m'banja;
The predominance wa chakudya, mafuta, mkulu-kalori zakudya ndi mbale zakudya ana;
Kudyetsa ana akhanda molakwika;
Moyo wongokhala, m'malo moyenda ndi masewera akunja ndikuwonera TV ndi masewera apakompyuta, kusowa kolimbitsa thupi;
Malipiro azovuta zamaganizidwe aunyamata (kulephera, kuyankhulana ndi makolo ndi anzawo, inferiority complex).
Zotsatira za kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana:
Matenda a shuga omwe sagwirizana ndi insulini (matenda a shuga osadalira insulini), pamene shuga sangathe kulowa m'maselo a minofu;
matenda oopsa, angina pectoris, atherosulinosis, mtima kulephera;
matenda kudzimbidwa, zotupa, cholecystitis, kapamba;
Kusintha kwa chiwindi minofu ndi adipose minofu (hepatosis), kungayambitse matenda enaake a chiwindi;
Kupunduka kwa chigoba, kusokonezeka kwa kaimidwe, phazi lathyathyathya, kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya cartilage, kupunduka kwa mawondo a valgus (miyendo mu mawonekedwe a chilembo "X");
Kusokonezeka kwa tulo: kupuma kupuma, kukopera;
Kusokonezeka kwa ntchito zogonana: kusakula kwa minyewa yogonana, kuchedwa kwa msambo (msambo woyamba), chiopsezo cha kusabereka kwamtsogolo;
Osteoporosis (opanda ungwiro kapena opuwala mafupa);
Kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezo cha khansa m'tsogolomu;
Matenda a maganizo okhudzana ndi vuto la kudya (bulimia, anorexia), kuledzera, kuledzera;
Social kudzipatula, kusowa abwenzi, bwalo lachiyanjano, zofunika mwamsanga pa unyamata ndi unyamata.
Kudalira maonekedwe a ana ndi achinyamata pa mtundu wa kunenepa kwambiri
Kwa odziwa diagnostician, sizidzakhala zovuta kudziwa mtundu wa kunenepa kwambiri ndi khalidwe la maonekedwe a mwanayo ndi zizindikiro zina. Nkhope yotupa ikhoza kusonyeza kunenepa kwambiri chifukwa cha hypothyroidism (kusowa kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro). Zimaphatikizidwa ndi khungu louma, "matumba" pansi pa maso, kufooka, kutopa, kusowa kwa njala, kudzimbidwa kosatha. Kwa atsikana omwe ali ndi matendawa, kusakhazikika kwa msambo kumachitika pafupipafupi.
Miyendo yopyapyala, masaya owala apinki, mabala otambasuka pakhungu la pamimba, mafuta ochulukirapo pamimba, pakhosi ndi kumaso ndizizindikiro za matenda a adrenal (Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome). Pakutha msinkhu, atsikana omwe ali ndi matendawa amawonjezereka tsitsi la thupi komanso kusowa kwa msambo.
Kutalika kwaufupi kuphatikizapo kunenepa kwambiri, hypothyroidism, kuchedwa kukula kwa kugonana - kusowa kwa pituitary ntchito. Ndizowopsa makamaka pamene zizindikirozi zimachitika pambuyo pa matenda a neuroinfections (meningitis, encephalitis), kuvulala kwa craniocerebral, maopaleshoni a ubongo. Kuperewera kwa mahomoni a pituitary kumayambitsa kuchedwa kwa kutha msinkhu kwa anyamata (kusakula bwino kwa ziwalo zoberekera, kusowa kwa chikhalidwe chachiwiri chogonana, kukulitsa kwa ma gonads).
Kunenepa kwambiri, kuphatikizapo mutu, zizindikiro za kuchuluka kwa intracranial kuthamanga (nseru ndi kusanza, chizungulire), kungakhale chizindikiro cha chotupa mu ubongo. Atsikana, kunenepa kwambiri limodzi ndi ziphuphu zakumaso, kusakhazikika kwa msambo, kuchuluka kwamafuta a nkhope ndi thupi, mawonekedwe ochulukirapo a tsitsi pankhope ndi thupi, kukuwonetsa ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwa polycystic ovary syndrome.
Kupewa kunenepa kwaubwana
Kuti mupewe zotsatira zoyipa za chamoyo chomwe chikukula komanso osayambitsa mavuto m'tsogolomu, muyenera kusamalira kupewa kunenepa pasadakhale. Endocrine ndi neurogenic zimayambitsa zambiri sizidalira khalidwe ndi moyo wa munthu. Koma kunenepa kwambiri, chifukwa cha kudya kwambiri komanso kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndikokwanira kuwongolera ndi kupewa.
Njira zodzitetezera:
Yesetsani kuyamwitsa kwa nthawi yayitali;
Musakakamize ana kumaliza chakudya chawo kapena kumwa zomwe zili mubotolo ngati alibe chilakolako;
Musayambitse zakudya zowonjezera msanga;
Osagwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera muzakudya za preschoolers ndi ana aang'ono;
Mwatsatanetsatane zakudya, musapitirire calorie zili mbale;
Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nyama mafuta ndi mosavuta digestible chakudya mwana, monga masamba CHIKWANGWANI, masamba ndi zipatso;
Yang'anirani machitidwe a kulemera kwa ana, konzani kunenepa kwambiri mu nthawi;
Kukana chakudya chofulumira, zakumwa zotsekemera za carbonated;
Kuti musangalale ndi masewera otheka, khalani naye nthawi yambiri mumlengalenga.
Ndizosapindulitsa kwambiri kukakamiza ana kudya mokakamiza, kulanga ndi mphotho ndi chakudya, kusokoneza khalidwe la mwanayo ndi zakudya zomwe amakonda komanso zosakondedwa ndi mbale. Mtundu uwu wa kulera ukhoza kuyambitsa kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe, kumabweretsa kuwoneka kwa ma pathologies am'mimba.
Chithandizo cha kunenepa kwaubwana
Monga matenda ena aliwonse, kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana kuyenera kuthandizidwa motsogozedwa ndi katswiri, popanda kudzipangira mankhwala. Dokotala adzawunika zotsatira zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri kwa thupi la mwanayo, kuphunzira anamnesis, ndipo, ngati n'koyenera, amutumize kwa zida ndi zasayansi diagnostics.
Basic mankhwala a kunenepa:
Kudya zakudya;
Kumwa zolimbitsa thupi;
Thandizo la maganizo;
Mankhwala ochizira matenda a endocrine ndi neuroogenic.
Katswiri wa zakudya zopatsa thanzi pochiza kunenepa kwambiri kwaubwana adzapereka malangizo kwa makolo a mwanayo pakukonzekera zakudya ndi kudzaza zakudya. Malingaliro awa ayenera kutsatiridwa ndi mamembala onse a m'banja, kupanga mtundu woyenera wa kadyedwe m'banja. Chitsanzo cha makolo ndi njira yabwino yophunzitsira pochiza kunenepa kwambiri.
Malamulo a zakudya zachipatala za ana:
Idyani pang'onopang'ono - osachepera 6-7 patsiku, m'magawo ang'onoang'ono;
Yang'anani zakudya, popanda kupatuka pa nthawi yachizolowezi kudya kwa mphindi 15-20, kupanga biorhythms m'mimba njira ndi bwino chimbudzi cha chakudya;
Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri (mazira, nyama, nsomba) ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mawa;
Zakudya za mkaka ndi ndiwo zamasamba zimaphatikizidwa pazakudya zamadzulo kapena chakudya chamadzulo;
Gwiritsani ntchito zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zambiri zatsopano ndi zophika;
Kupatula pazakudya zamafuta ambiri, nsomba, soseji, soseji, bakha, tsekwe,
Osagwiritsa ntchito mtedza, nthochi, persimmons, nkhuyu, zoumba, madeti pazakudya;
Njira yopangira zinthuzo ndi yophika, yophika, yophika, yokazinga mpaka zaka 3 imachotsedwa, ndiye kuti njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.
Vuto lalikulu ngati kunenepa kwambiri kwaubwana kumafuna njira yophatikizira yothandizira, kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zapadera, komanso njira zodzitetezera.