Tonsefe timadziwa bwino mawu oti "chifundo", koma ndi ochepa omwe amadziwa dzina la mkazi wankhanza yemwe adayambitsa mawuwa m'Chingerezi.
Violet Paget (1856 - 1935) anali mlembi wa Victorian yemwe adasindikiza pansi pa dzina lachinyengo Vernon Lee ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi m'modzi mwa akazi anzeru kwambiri ku Europe. Anapanga mawu oti "chifundo" ataona momwe mnzake Clementine Anstruther-Thompson amaganizira za kujambula.
Malinga ndi Lee, Clementine "anamasuka" ndi pentiyo. Pofotokoza ndondomekoyi, Li anagwiritsa ntchito mawu achijeremani akuti einfuhlung ndipo anayambitsa mawu akuti "chifundo" m'Chingelezi.
Malingaliro a Lee amagwirizana kwambiri ndi chidwi chokulirapo chamasiku ano cha momwe chifundo chimagwirizanirana ndi luso. Kupanga luso lanu ndi njira imodzi yodzimvera nokha komanso ena. M’zaka za m’ma 19, mawu andakatulo akuti “maganizo a makhalidwe abwino” ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza zimenezi.
Kulingalira kumatanthauza kupanga chithunzi m’maganizo, kuganiza, kukhulupirira, kulota, kusonyeza. Ili ndi lingaliro komanso labwino. Maloto athu amatha kutichotsa kuzinthu zazing'ono zachifundo kupita ku masomphenya olemekezeka a kufanana ndi chilungamo. Lingaliro limayatsa lawi: limatilumikiza ku luso lathu, mphamvu ya moyo wathu. M'dziko lomwe likukula mikangano yapadziko lonse lapansi, kulingalira ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kale.
“Chida chachikulu cha makhalidwe abwino ndicho kulingalira,” analemba motero wolemba ndakatulo Percy Bysshe Shelley m’buku lake lakuti A Defense of Poetry (1840).
Lingaliro la makhalidwe ndi kulenga. Zimatithandiza kupeza njira zabwino zokhalira. Ndi mtundu wachifundo umene umatilimbikitsa kukhala okoma mtima ndi kudzikonda ife eni ndi wina ndi mnzake. “Kukongola ndi choonadi, choonadi ndicho kukongola; Zimene timadziwa ndi zimene tiyenera kudziwa,” analemba motero wolemba ndakatulo John Keats. "Sindikutsimikiza chilichonse koma chiyero cha zokonda zamtima komanso chowonadi chamalingaliro."
Lingaliro lathu la makhalidwe abwino likhoza kutigwirizanitsa ndi chirichonse chomwe chiri chowona ndi chokongola padziko lapansi, mwa ife eni ndi mwa wina ndi mzake. “Zinthu zonse zoyenera, zochita zonse zoyenera, malingaliro onse oyenera ndi ntchito zaluso kapena zongoyerekezera,” analemba motero William Butler Yeats m’mawu oyamba a ndakatulo ya William Blake.
Shelley ankakhulupirira kuti tingalimbitse luso lathu la kulingalira mozama “monga mmene kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumalimbitsa matupi athu.”
Kuphunzitsa Lingaliro la Makhalidwe Abwino
Tonse titha kuchita nawo zochitika zapadera zokulitsa malingaliro amakhalidwe abwino.
Yambani kuwerenga ndakatulo. Kaya mumaŵerenga pa Intaneti kapena kupeza buku lakale lafumbi kunyumba, Shelley ananena kuti ndakatulo “ingagalamutsa ndi kukulitsa maganizo, n’kukhala malo ofikiramo malingaliro ambirimbiri osamvetsetseka.” Ndilo “wolengeza wodalirika, bwenzi ndi wotsatira kudzutsidwa kwa anthu otchuka kuti asinthe malingaliro opindulitsa.”
Werenganinso. M’buku lake lakuti Hortus Vitae (1903), Lee analemba kuti:
“Chisangalalo chachikulu choŵerenga ndicho kuŵerenganso. Nthawi zina zimakhala pafupifupi osawerenga, koma kungolingalira ndi kumva zomwe zili m'bukulo, kapena zomwe zidatulukamo kalekale ndikukhazikika m'malingaliro kapena mumtima. ”
Kapenanso, "kuwerenga mozama" kungayambitse chifundo chotsutsa, njira yoganizira mwadala yokonzedwa kuti ikhale yopanda ndale.
Onerani makanema. Gwirani matsenga anzeru kudzera mu kanema wamakanema. Nthawi zonse khalani omasuka ndi kanema wabwino kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu - ndipo musawope kuti izi zidzakupangitsani kukhala mbatata. Wolemba mabuku wina dzina lake Ursula Le Guin akusonyeza kuti ngakhale kuti kuonera nkhani pa sekirini n’kungochita zinthu mwachibwanabwana, kumatikokerabe kudziko lina limene tingadziyerekezere kwa kanthawi.
Lolani kuti nyimbo zikutsogolereni. Ngakhale kuti nyimbo zingakhale zopanda mawu, zimakulitsanso chifundo mwa ife. Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwapa wofalitsidwa m’magazini a Frontiers, “nyimbo ndi njira yolowera m’kati mwa anthu ena.”
Kuvina kungathandizenso kupanga zomwe zimatchedwa "kinesthetic chifundo." Owonerera amatha kutengera ovina mkati mwake kapena kutengera mayendedwe awo.
Pomaliza, sonyezani zomwe mwapanga. Zilibe kanthu kuti luso lanu ndi lotani. Kaya ndi kujambula, kulemba, kupanga nyimbo, kuimba, kuvina, ntchito zamanja, “malingaliro okhawo amene angafulumizitse kukhalapo kwa chinthu chobisika,” analemba motero wolemba ndakatulo Emily Dickinson.
Art imakhala ndi alchemical, njira yosinthira. Kupanga kumatithandiza kupeza njira zatsopano, zowona, zabwinoko. “Tikhoza kupanga zinthu—kulingalira ndi kupanga chinthu chimene sichinakhalepo,” analemba motero Mary Richards, wolemba buku lakuti Opening Our Moral Eye.
Mlembi Brené Brown, wochirikiza chifundo chofala lerolino, akunena kuti kulinganiza zinthu n’kofunika kuti “tikhale ndi moyo wochokera pansi pa mtima.” Kaya ndi zojambulajambula kapena zigamba, tikapanga zinazake timalowa m'tsogolo, timakhulupirira tsogolo la zolengedwa zathu. Timaphunzira kudalira kuti tikhoza kupanga zenizeni zathu.
Osachita mantha kuganiza ndi kulenga!