😉 Moni kwa owerenga okhazikika komanso atsopano! M'nkhani yakuti "Omar Khayyam: Wambiri Mwachidule, Mfundo" za moyo wa Persian filosofi, masamu, zakuthambo ndi ndakatulo. Anakhala: 1048-1131.
Wambiri ya Omar Khayyam
Mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za XIX. Azungu sankadziwa kalikonse za wasayansi ndi ndakatulo ameneyu. Ndipo anayamba kuchipeza pambuyo pofalitsidwa buku la zilembo za algebra mu 1851. Kenako zinadziwika kuti rubais (quatrains, mtundu wa ndakatulo za mawu) nawonso ndi ake.
"Khayyam" amatanthauza "mbuye wa mahema", mwina inali ntchito ya abambo kapena agogo ake. Chidziwitso chochepa kwambiri ndi zokumbukira za anthu a m'nthawi yake zapulumuka za moyo wake. Timapeza ena mwa iwo mu quatrains. Komabe, amawulula mochepa kwambiri mbiri ya ndakatulo wotchuka, masamu ndi wafilosofi.
Chifukwa cha kukumbukira modabwitsa ndi chikhumbo chosalekeza cha maphunziro, ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, Omar adalandira chidziwitso chakuya cha mbali zonse za filosofi. Kale kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yake, mnyamatayo anakumana ndi mayesero ovuta: pa mliri, makolo ake anamwalira.
Pothawa mavuto, wasayansi wamng'onoyo akuchoka ku Khorasan ndikupeza chitetezo ku Samarkand. Kumeneko akupitiriza ndi kutsiriza mbali yaikulu ya buku lake la algebra lakuti “A Treatise on the Problems of Algebra and Almukabala.”
Akamaliza maphunziro ake, amagwira ntchito ya uphunzitsi. Ntchitoyi inali ya malipiro ochepa komanso yosakhalitsa. Zambiri zinkadalira malo a mabwana ndi olamulira.
Wasayansi anathandizidwa choyamba ndi woweruza wamkulu wa Samarkand, kenako ndi Bukhara Khan. Mu 1074 adaitanidwa ku Isfahan ku khoti la Sultan Melik Shah mwiniwake. Apa iye ankayang'anira ntchito yomanga ndi sayansi ya observatory zakuthambo, ndipo anapanga kalendala latsopano.
Rubai Khayyam
Ubale wake ndi omwe adalowa m'malo mwa Melik Shah sunali wabwino kwa wolemba ndakatuloyo. Atsogoleri achipembedzo apamwamba sanamukhululukire, odzazidwa ndi nthabwala zakuya ndi mphamvu zazikulu zotsutsa, ndakatulo. Iye molimba mtima ananyoza ndi kudzudzula zipembedzo zonse, anatsutsa kupanda chilungamo kumene kumachitika padziko lonse.
Kwa ruby, yomwe adalemba, munthu akhoza kulipira ndi moyo wake, kotero wasayansiyo anakakamizika ulendo wopita ku likulu la Islam - Mecca.
Ozunza wasayansi ndi wolemba ndakatulo sankakhulupirira kwenikweni za kulapa kwake. M’zaka zaposachedwapa, ankakhala yekhayekha. Omar ankapewa anthu, omwe nthawi zonse pamakhala kazitape kapena wakupha wotumizidwa.
masamu
Pali zolemba ziwiri zodziwika bwino za algebraic za katswiri wamasamu wanzeru. Iye ndiye anali woyamba kutanthauzira algebra kukhala sayansi ya ma equation, yomwe pambuyo pake inadzatchedwa algebraic.
Wasayansi amakonza ma equation ena ndi koyeneti yotsogola yofanana ndi 1. Amatsimikizira mitundu 25 yovomerezeka ya equation, kuphatikiza mitundu 14 ya ma kiyubiki.
Njira yayikulu yothetsera ma equation ndikumangirira kojambula kwa mizu yabwino pogwiritsa ntchito ma abscissas am'mphepete mwa mipiringidzo yachiwiri - mabwalo, parabolas, hyperbolas. Kuyesa kuthetsa ma cubic equations mu radicals sikunapambane, koma wasayansiyo adaneneratu mowona mtima kuti izi zidzachitika pambuyo pake.
Ofufuzawa anabweradi, zaka 400 zokha pambuyo pake. Anali asayansi aku Italy Scipion del Ferro ndi Niccolo Tartaglia. Khayyam anali woyamba kuzindikira kuti cubic equation ikhoza kukhala ndi mizu iwiri pamapeto, ngakhale sanawone kuti pangakhale atatu.
Poyamba adapereka lingaliro latsopano la lingaliro la nambala, lomwe limaphatikizapo manambala opanda nzeru. Kunali kusintha kwenikweni m’chiphunzitso cha nambala, pamene mizere pakati pa unyinji wopanda nzeru ndi manambala imafufutidwa.
Kalendala yolondola
Omar Khayyam adatsogolera bungwe lapadera lomwe adakhazikitsidwa ndi Melik Shah kuti asinthe kalendala. Kalendala yomwe idapangidwa pansi pa utsogoleri wake ndiyolondola kwambiri. Zimapereka cholakwika cha tsiku limodzi mzaka 5000.
Mu kalendala yamakono, ya Gregorian, cholakwika cha tsiku limodzi chidzapitirira zaka 3333. Chifukwa chake, kalendala yaposachedwa ndiyosalondola kwambiri kuposa kalendala ya Khayyam.
Wanzeruyo adakhala zaka 83, adabadwa ndikumwalira ku Nishapur, Iran. Chizindikiro chake cha zodiac ndi Taurus.
Omar Khayyam: yonena mwachidule (kanema)
😉 Abwenzi, gawani nkhani yakuti "Omar Khayyam: mbiri yaifupi, mfundo zosangalatsa" pagulu. maukonde.