Retina, nembanemba yofunikira ku masomphenya athu, nthawi zina imatha kudzipatula. Ili ndi vuto lalikulu, lomwe liyenera kuzindikirika mwachangu momwe mungathere kuti muchepetse zotsatira zake.

Kumbuyo kwa diso lathu, retina ndi nembanemba yomwe ili ndi minofu yamanjenje ndipo yolumikizidwa ndi minyewa yamaso. Ndiko kuti zithunzi za kuwala kwa kuwala zimalandiridwa, zisanatumizidwe ku ubongo. Komabe, nembanemba imeneyi si yamphamvu choncho. Imadalira ena awiri kuti apange diso lathunthu. Chifukwa chake zimachitika kuti retina kunyamuka, pang'ono kapena kwathunthu, zomwe zingayambitse a khungu chonse.

Mphuno ya diso la munthu imapangidwa ndi zigawo zitatu zotsatizana za nembanemba, zotchedwa zovala. Yoyamba, chovala cha fibrous ndi chimene tingachiwone: choyera, chimakwirira diso mpaka diso lakutsogolo. Yachiwiri, yomwe ili pansipa, ndi chovala chauveal (kapena uvée). Amapangidwa kutsogolo kwa iris, ndi kumbuyo kwa wosanjikiza wotchedwa choroid. Pomaliza, titamatira ku malaya a uveal, timapeza otchuka mkanjo wamanjenje, retina.

Retina yokha imagawanika kukhala zigawo zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, tikamanena za detachment ya retina, ili pamwamba pa zonsezo neural retina kuyelekeza ndipigment epithelium, khoma lake lakunja. Kulumikizana kwawo kumakhaladi kosalimba kwambiri, ndipo kugwedezeka kapena zilonda kungayambitse kutseguka, momwe madzi monga vitreous angalowemo, ndikufulumizitsa ndondomekoyi.

Kutsekeka kwa retina kumakhudza munthu mmodzi mwa anthu 10 pafupifupi, koma akhoza kukhala ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndi mbiri ya wodwalayo.

Myopia

Anthu omwe amawona pafupi amakhala ndi diso lozama kuposa lapakati, chifukwa chake malo awo ali "kutsogolo" kwa retina. Chotsatiracho chimakhala chochepa kwambiri kuposa chapakati, choncho chimakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chochotsa kapena kung'amba tsiku limodzi. Choncho anthu a myopic ali ndi chidwi chofuna kukaonana ndi ophthalmologist nthawi zonse kuti azindikire mwamsanga zizindikiro zoyamba.

majini

Mofanana ndi kuonera pafupi, majini nthawi zina amatsutsana nafe ndipo amachititsa kuti maso asokonezeke. Retina wosalimba, woonda kwambiri, kapena wosakhazikika bwino, zimachitika kuti chifukwa chake ndi chibadwa nthawi zina. Pambuyo pake padzakhala kofunika kusamala kuti mudziwe ngati opaleshoniyo idzagwira ntchito kapena ayi.

Glaucoma ndi ng'ala

Anthu okhala ndi glaucoma kapena kukhala ndi a ntchito ya cataract amakhalanso ndi mwayi wokhala ndi retina yawo. Muimbe mlandu pa diso lofooka kale,

Othamanga: masewera a karati ndi nkhonya

Diso lathu silili lolimba kwambiri, ndipo kusakhala ndi zowawa zikakhudza nthawi zambiri kumatilepheretsa kuzindikira. Chifukwa chake, kutsekeka kwa retina kumakhala kofala kwambiri mwa othamanga omwe amamenya nkhonya kumaso pafupipafupi. Mwa kuchitiridwa nkhanza motere, diso limayenda m’njira yake, kugundana mkati mwalokha, ndipo lonselo limafooka, kuphatikizapo retina.

Zidzakhala zophweka kwambiri kuchiza chotupa cha retina ngati chiri choyambitsa, poyerekeza ndi chapamwamba kwambiri. Milandu yowopsa kwambiri idzafuna maopaleshoni ovuta kwambiri. Kotero apa pali mndandanda wa zizindikiro zochenjeza. Ena si chizindikiro cha gulu, ena inde. Nthawi zonse, ndikwabwino kufunsira upangiri wa ophthalmologist mwachangu ngati pali zizindikiro ziwiri:

• Ntchentche zimayandama

Ndichizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha gulu, pamene mawonekedwe amadzazidwa ndi "ntchentche zowuluka", ndiko kunena kuti madontho ang'onoang'ono akuda, omwe amakhalapo nthawi zonse. Komabe, ichi sichiri chizindikiro chakuti retina ikusenda, ndipo siziyenera kusokonezedwa ndi matupi owuluka mkati mwa vitreous, jini yosakhalitsa.

• Maofesi

Ngati mphezi imodzi kapena zingapo zikuwonekera m'munda mwanu (kunja kwa nthawi yamkuntho!), Zitha kukhala kuti retina yadzipatula mwadzidzidzi m'malo amodzi kapena angapo. Mwa kuchotsedwa mwadzidzidzi ku dongosolo lamanjenje, mphamvu yolandilidwa ndi ubongo imafanana ndi ya mphezi.

• Mawanga amdima, masomphenya obisika

Ngati retina ikung'ambika, ndiye kuti mbali zina za masomphenya anu zimakhala zakuda. Ngati maderawa ali m'mphepete mwa retina, ndiye kuti zingakhale zovuta kuziwona mwachangu. Choncho ndibwino kuti mufufuze pamene mukupuma, ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zina (ntchentche kapena mphezi), kuti muwone ngati simunawone malo amdima. Muzovuta kwambiri, ngati retina yadzipatula pamalo ake ovuta kwambiri, ndiye kuti macula, ndi masomphenya anu apakati omwe amatha. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kukaonana ndi ophthalmologist m'chipinda chodzidzimutsa kwambiri.

• Kuchititsa khungu kwathunthu

Ndichizindikiro chodzidzimutsa kwambiri, koma ngati diso la retina silinachiritsidwe mwamsanga, limatha kuchoka ku mitsempha ya optic, ndipo diso silingathe kuona chilichonse.

Chithandizo cha retinal detachment ndi zovuta, ndipo zimadalira kuopsa kwake.

Opaleshoni laser

Pazigawo zocheperako, opaleshoni ya laser imatha kulumikizanso retina ndikuyambitsa madera ong'ambika.

Matenda a Vitrectomie

Pa milandu yowopsa kwambiri, dokotalayo ayenera kukonza pamanja retina. Kuti athe kulowa kumbuyo kwa diso, dokotala ayenera kuchotsa vitreous, gelatinous madzi mkati mwa diso. Kuti achite izi, amaboola m'mbali mwa diso, kuyamwa vitreous, ndiyeno amatha kulumikizanso retina. Thupi la vitreous limasinthidwa ndi gel kapena mafuta a silicone.

Kudula

Kumangako kumakhala kuzungulira diso, kuti akanikizire mbali zonse ziwiri kuti agwirizanenso ndi retina, ngati silinatsekeke kwambiri.

Cryo-indentation

Kupaka mpweya wozizira kwambiri m'maso kumatha kuyambitsa mabala a retina pamalo omwe akusenda kapena kung'ambika. Njirayi imapewa kulowa m'diso koma imasungidwa m'malo opepuka. Nthawi zina, komabe, padzakhala kofunikira kuyika zomangira m'diso kuti akonzere retina bwino pomwe ikudzikonza yokha.