Nkhunda ya Rock blue

Nkhunda ya rock ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa nkhunda. Maonekedwe a m’tauni a mbalameyi amadziwika ndi pafupifupi munthu aliyense. Ndizosatheka kulingalira misewu ya mizinda ndi matauni popanda kuwuluka ndi kulira kwa nkhunda. Angapezeke m'misewu ya mumzinda, m'mapaki, m'mabwalo, m'mabwalo, kumene kuli koyenera kukhala munthu amene akufuna kudyetsa nkhunda za miyala. Izi n’zimene amayembekezera kwa munthu amene amasamalira mbalame momvetsa komanso mwachikondi.

Kufotokozera za thanthwe nkhunda

Munthu wakhala akuzoloŵera mfundo yakuti nkhunda imvi imakhazikika pafupi ndi nyumba yake, yomwe kulira kwake padenga la nyumba kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi mtendere ndi bata. Kuyambira kalekale, anthu ambiri akhala akulemekeza mbalameyi. Kwa ena, nkhunda inali chizindikiro cha kubala, kwa ena, chikondi ndi ubwenzi, kwa ena, kudzoza kwaumulungu.

Mitundu ya Nkhunda ya Blue ndi ya banja la nkhunda ndipo imaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu, yodziwika pafupifupi pafupifupi makontinenti onse a dziko lapansi.

Wild imvi nkhunda kukhala m'chilengedwe, kutali ndi anthu.

Wild sisari ndi yunifolomu m'mawonekedwe ndipo ali ndi mtundu womwewo wa bluish-imvi, womwe umatengera momwe angakhalire ndi moyo ndipo, chifukwa cha chitetezo, amawalola kuti agwirizane ndi gulu lonse.

Nkhunda za Synanthropic zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi anthu.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pakati pa nkhunda zotuwa zam'tawuni pali anthu omwe ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mtundu wa nthenga.

Maonekedwe

Pakati pa mitundu ina ya nkhunda, njiwa imvi imatengedwa ngati mbalame yaikulu, yachiwiri kukula kwa njiwa. Mosiyana ndi mtundu wina ndi mzake, nkhunda za imvi zimatha kufotokozedwa mwanjira yomweyo:

• kutalika kwa thupi kumafika 30-35 cm, mapiko - kuchokera 50 mpaka 60 cm;
• kulemera kwake kumatha kufika 380-400 g;
• mtundu wa nthenga - wonyezimira wonyezimira wokhala ndi zitsulo, zobiriwira kapena zofiirira pakhosi;
• mapikowo ndi otambalala ndipo amaloza kumapeto, amakhala ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yosiyana yamtundu wakuda, ndipo rump ndi yoyera;
• m'dera la lumbar pali malo owala kwambiri pafupifupi 5 cm, omwe amawonekera pamene mapiko a mbalame atseguka;
• miyendo ya njiwa imatha kukhala yapinki mpaka yofiirira, nthawi zina yokhala ndi nthenga pang'ono;
• maso ali ndi iris lalanje, wachikasu kapena wofiira;
• mlomo wake ndi wakuda ndipo m'munsi mwake muli cere yowala.

Nkhunda za m’matanthwe za m’tauni zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyana-siyana kuposa zakuthengo. Pakadali pano, malinga ndi mtundu wamtunduwu, amasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu 28 kapena ma morphs. Zina mwa izo ndi nkhunda zotuwa zokhala ndi nthenga zofiirira ndi zoyera. Zikuoneka kuti izi ndi zotsatira za kuwoloka nkhunda zam'misewu ndi nkhunda zoweta.

Kunja, nkhunda yamwala yamphongo imatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi yaikazi ndi mtundu wodzaza. Ndiponso, nkhunda ya mwala ndi yaikulu ndithu kuposa nkhundayo. Mbalame zazing'ono zaka 6-7 miyezi sizikhala ndi nthenga zowala ngati nkhunda zazikulu.

Maso a nkhunda amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu yonse yamitundu yomwe imapezeka m'maso mwa munthu, komanso mtundu wa ultraviolet. Nkhunda imaona “mwamsanga” kuposa munthu, popeza diso lake limatha kuona mafelemu 75 pa sekondi imodzi, ndipo diso la munthu limangoona 24. minofu, yomwe imatha kusintha kachulukidwe kake munthawi yake.

Kumva kwa sizar kumapangidwa bwino ndipo kumatha kutulutsa mawu okhala ndi ma frequency otsika omwe sangathe kuwona malingaliro amunthu.

voti

Nkhunda ya thanthwe imatha kuzindikirika ndi liwu lake - kuyimba kwake, komwe kumayenderana ndi moyo wake wokangalika, ndikodziwika kwa banja lonse ndipo kumasiyana malinga ndi momwe amamvera:

• kulira kochititsa chidwi - kofuula kwambiri, komwe kumaperekedwa kuti akope chidwi cha akazi, kumafanana ndi kulira kwa "guut ... guuut";
• kuitanira kuchisa kumamveka mofanana ndi kuyitanidwa, koma panthawi yomwe mkaziyo akuyandikira, amathandizidwa ndi mphepo;
• nyimbo ya njiwa kumayambiriro kwa chibwenzi imafanana ndi kulira kwachete, komwe kumakula pamene mwamuna akusangalala ndikusandulika phokoso lalikulu "guuurrkruu ... guurrkruu";
• kuti inene za ngozi, nkhunda imapanga phokoso lalifupi komanso lakuthwa "gruu ... gruuu";
• nkhunda imatsagana ndi kudyetsa anapiye ndi kulira kofewa, kofanana ndi meowing;
• kuwomba ndi kudina kumatulutsa anapiye a nkhunda.

Ndipotu pali phokoso lambiri lopangidwa ndi nkhunda zotuwa. Phale la mawu limasiyanasiyana malinga ndi nthawi, chikhalidwe ndi zaka za mbalame. Mbalame zokhazokha komanso, pamlingo wina, anthu omwe amaphunzira nkhunda amatha kuzisiyanitsa.

za mayendedwe

Nkhunda yakuthengo imakhazikika m'madera amapiri, pamiyala, m'ming'alu kapena m'mapanga. Iye sanazolowere kukwera mumtengo ndipo sadziwa momwe angachitire. Nkhunda ya mzinda yaphunzira kukhala panthambi yamtengo, komanso padenga kapena padenga la nyumba.

Nkhundayo imakhala tsiku lonse ikuyenda. Pofunafuna chakudya, amatha kuwuluka makilomita angapo, amadziwika kuti ndi woyendetsa ndege wabwino kwambiri. Munthu wakuthengo amatha kuthamanga mpaka 180 km / h. Nkhunda zapakhomo zimathamanga mpaka 100 km / h. Nkhunda yotuwa inyamuka pansi mofuula kwambiri, ikukupiza mapiko ake mofuula. Kuwuluka komweko mumlengalenga kumakhala kolimba komanso kokhala ndi cholinga.

Kuyang'ana kayendedwe ka nkhunda ya rock mumlengalenga ndizosangalatsa:

• ngati mukufuna kuchepetsa, ndiye njiwa imatsegula mchira wake ndi "gulugufe";
• pakuwopsezedwa kwa mbalame yodya nyama, iye amapinda mapiko ake ndi kugwa mofulumira;
• mapiko olumikizidwa pamwamba amathandiza kuuluka mozungulira.

Mayendedwe a mbalame ikamayenda pansi ndi yachilendonso. Zikuoneka kuti nkhundayo imagwedeza mutu poyenda. Choyamba, mutu umapita kutsogolo, kenako umayima ndipo thupi limagwira nawo. Panthawiyi, chithunzicho chimayang'ana mu retina ya diso losasuntha. Njira imeneyi imathandiza njiwa kuyenda bwino mumlengalenga.

kufalikira kwa mbalame

Nkhunda yotchedwa wild rock pigeon imakhala m’madera amapiri ndi afulati okhala ndi zomera zambiri zaudzu komanso malo osungiramo madzi oyenda pafupi. Sakhazikika m’nkhalango, koma amakonda malo otseguka. Malo ake amakhala kumpoto kwa Africa, South ndi Central Europe, ndi Asia. Pakalipano, chiwerengero cha nkhunda zakutchire zachepa kwambiri ndipo zapulumuka kumadera ena akutali ndi anthu.

Synanthropic, ndiye kuti, kutsagana ndi munthu, nkhunda yamwala imapezeka m'makontinenti onse kupatula Antarctica. Mbalamezi zimapezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Mzinda wa sizar umakhazikika kumene kuli kotheka kumanga chisa ndi kudyetsa bwino panthawi yovuta kwambiri ya chaka. M'nyengo yozizira, njiwa yakutchire imatsika kuchokera kumapiri kupita kumapiri, ndipo njiwa yamzinda - pafupi ndi malo okhalamo anthu ndi zinyalala.

Mitundu ya nkhunda ya Rock

Nkhunda yamwala kuchokera ku mtundu wa nkhunda (Columba) wa banja la nkhunda (Columbidae) yafotokozedwa ndi ofufuza ambiri. Mu Guide to the Doves of Peace, David Gibbs amaika nkhunda za miyala m’magulu 12, amene anafotokozedwa nthaŵi zosiyanasiyana ndi akatswiri a mbalame ochokera m’mayiko osiyanasiyana. Ma subspecies onsewa amasiyana ndi kukula kwa utoto, kukula kwa thupi ndi m'lifupi mwa mikwingwirima kumunsi kumbuyo.

Akukhulupirira kuti pakali pano 2 subspecies thanthwe nkhunda moyo Eastern Europe ndi Central Asia (gawo la USSR wakale).

Columba livia - mitundu yodziwika bwino yomwe ikukhala Kum'mawa ndi Pakati pa Europe, Kumpoto kwa Africa, Asia. Mtundu wamba ndi woderapo pang'ono. M'dera la lumbar pali malo oyera otalika 40-60 mm.

Ananyalanyaza nkhunda yowala - Nkhunda yabuluu ya Turkestan, yofala kumapiri a Central Asia. Mitundu ya nthenga ndi yopepuka pang'ono kuposa mitundu yodziwika bwino; pakhosi pali utoto wonyezimira wachitsulo. Malo omwe ali m'chigawo cha sacrum nthawi zambiri amakhala imvi, nthawi zambiri amakhala amdima, komanso ocheperapo - oyera ndi ang'onoang'ono kukula - 20-40 mm.

Zadziwika kuti njiwa za synanthropic thanthwe zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi munthu pakalipano ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi zachibale zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi ornithologists zaka zana zapitazo. Zimaganiziridwa kuti izi ndi zotsatira za kuwoloka ndi anthu apakhomo.

moyo

Sisari amakhala m'mapaketi momwe mulibe utsogoleri, koma malo amtendere ndiofala. Sizimapangitsa mbalame zambiri kusamuka m’nyengo zosiyanasiyana, koma zimatha kuuluka kuchokera kumalo osiyanasiyana kukasaka chakudya. M’nyengo yozizira, nyama zakutchire zimatsika m’mapiri kupita kuzigwa, kumene zimakhala zosavuta kupeza chakudya, ndipo kutentha kukayamba, zimabwerera kwawo. Nkhunda za mumzinda zimakonda kukhala pamalo amodzi, nthawi ndi nthawi zimawulukira kudera la makilomita angapo.

Kuthengo, nkhunda zotuwa zimamanga zisa zawo m’ming’alu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kufikira adani. Amathanso kukhazikika pakamwa pa mitsinje ndi malo athyathyathya. Anthu akumidzi amakhala pafupi ndi munthu m'malo omwe amawakumbutsa za chilengedwe: m'chipinda chapamwamba cha nyumba, m'mabwinja a madenga, pansi pa matabwa a milatho, pa nsanja za belu, nsanja zamadzi.

Nkhunda za Rock zimathamanga tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo zimayenda mwachangu masana. Nkhunda za mumzinda zimatha kuuluka mtunda wa makilomita 50 kuchokera pachisa chawo pofunafuna chakudya. Sisari amawononga pafupifupi 3% ya mphamvu zawo paulendo woterewu. Pofika madzulo, iwo amabwerera kunyumba ndi kugona usiku wonse, atafufuma ndi kubisa milomo yawo mu nthenga. Nthawi yomweyo, ntchito yaimuna imaphatikizapo kulondera chisa, pomwe yaikazi imagona pamenepo.

Nkhunda yamtchire imasamala za munthu ndipo sichimamupatsa mwayi woyandikira, imawulukiratu. Mbalame yokhala ndi nthenga za mzindawo imazolowera munthu, imayembekezera kudyetsa kuchokera kwa iye, chifukwa chake imamulola kuti abwere pafupi komanso amadya m'manja mwake. Sizichitika kawirikawiri kuona nkhunda yamwala yokha. Nkhunda nthawi zonse imakhala m'gulu lamagulu.

Chikhalidwe cha gulu la nkhunda ndicho kukopa anzawo ku malo abwino okhala. Amachita izi pomanga zisa ndi pambuyo pake. Posankha malo abwino omangira chisa, njiwa imayitana osati nkhunda yokha, komanso nkhunda zina kuti zikhazikike pafupi ndikupanga njuchi yomwe imakhala yotetezeka.

Amagwiritsanso ntchito kutumiza ma scouts kukasaka chakudya. Malo oterowo akapezeka, ma scouts amabwerera kukatenga paketi yotsalayo. Ngati pali choopsa, ndiye kuti n'kokwanira kuti munthu apereke chizindikiro, monga gulu lonse linyamuka nthawi yomweyo.

Food

Nkhunda zam'mwamba ndi mbalame za omnivorous. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa masamba olawa omwe amakula mkamwa (pali 37 okha, ndipo munthu ali ndi pafupifupi 10), sakhala osankha kwambiri posankha chakudya. Chakudya chawo chachikulu ndi zakudya zamasamba - mbewu za zomera zakutchire ndi zolimidwa, zipatso. Nthawi zambiri, nkhunda zimadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mphutsi. Mtundu wa chakudya umadalira malo okhala ndi zomwe chilengedwe chimapereka.

Anthu a Synanthropic adazolowera kudya zinyalala za anthu. Amayendera malo odzaza anthu - mabwalo amizinda, misika, komanso zikwere, zotayira zinyalala, kumene angapeze chakudya chawo mosavuta. Kulemera kwake ndi kapangidwe ka thupi sizimalola nkhunda kujompha mbewu kuchokera ku spikelets, koma kungokweza zomwe zagwa pansi. Motero siziwononga malo olimapo.

Zimadziwika kuti mbalame zimayesetsa kudya zidutswa zazikulu poyamba, kuweruza chakudya ndi kukula kwake. Musazengereze gwira chidutswa, kukankhira achibale ndi swooping pansi kuchokera pamwamba. Pa kudyetsa, iwo khalidwe mwaulemu kokha poyerekezera ndi awiri awo. Gray nkhunda kudya makamaka m'mawa ndi masana, kudya nthawi imodzi kuchokera 17 mpaka 40 g wa mbewu. Ngati n'kotheka, njiwa ya m'tawuni imadzaza m'mimba mwake ndi chakudya mpaka malire, ndiyeno goiter yosungirako, monga hamsters amachitira.

Nkhunda zimamwa madzi mosiyana ndi mbalame zambiri. Sisari amaviika milomo yawo m’madzi n’kuikokera m’madzimo, pamene mbalame zina zimatola pang’ono ndi mlomo wawo n’kubweza mitu yawo m’mbuyo kuti madziwo apitirire kukhosi mpaka m’mimba.

Kubalana

Nkhunda ndi mbalame zokhala ndi mkazi mmodzi ndipo zimapanga awiriawiri kwamuyaya. Isanayambe kukopa yaikazi, yaimuna imapeza ndikukhala pamalo osungiramo zisa. Kutengera dera komanso nyengo yake, zisa zimachitika nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Itha kuyamba kumapeto kwa February, ndipo kuyikira dzira kumatha kuchitika chaka chonse. Koma nthawi yayikulu yoyika mazira mu nkhunda ndi masika, chilimwe ndi nthawi yofunda ya autumn.

Asanakwere, mwambo wokwatira nkhunda ndi nkhunda umachitika. Ndi mayendedwe ake onse amayesa kukopa chidwi chake kwa iye yekha: amavina, kusuntha mosinthana mbali imodzi kapena imzake, amatulutsa khosi lake, amatambasula mapiko ake, amalira mokweza, amapangitsa fani ya mchira wake. Nthawi zambiri panthawiyi, yamphongo imapanga maulendo amakono: nkhunda imadzuka, ikuwombera mapiko ake mokweza, kenako imagwedezeka, ikukweza mapiko ake kumbuyo kwake.

Ngati zonsezi zikuvomerezedwa ndi nkhunda, ndiye kuti mwamuna ndi mkazi amasonyeza chidwi ndi chikondi kwa wina ndi mzake, amayeretsa nthenga za wosankhidwa wawo, kupsompsona, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azigwirizanitsa machitidwe awo obala. Ndipo ikakwerana, yaimuna imaulukira mwamwambo, ikupipiza mapiko ake mokweza.

Zisa zimawoneka zofooka, zopangidwa mosasamala. Amamangidwa kuchokera kunthambi zing’onozing’ono ndi udzu wouma umene njiwa imabweretsa, ndipo nkhunda imakonza zomangirazo mwakufuna kwake. Nesting imatenga masiku 9 mpaka 14. Kuyika kwa mazira awiri kumachitika ndi yaikazi ndi nthawi ya masiku awiri. Nkhunda makamaka imakwirira mazira. Wamphongo amamulowetsa m'malo mwake kuyambira 2am mpaka 10pm panthawi yomwe amafunika kudyetsa ndikuwulukira kumalo othirira.

The makulitsidwe nthawi amatha pambuyo 17-19 masiku. Kujowina kwa chipolopolo kumatenga maola 18 mpaka 24. Anapiye a nkhunda za rock amawonekera limodzi pambuyo pa mnzake ndikudutsa kwa maola 48. Iwo ndi akhungu ndi yokutidwa ndi ochepa chikasu pansi, m'malo ndi khungu anabala.

Kwa masiku 7-8 oyambirira, makolo amadyetsa anapiye ndi mkaka wa mbalame, womwe umapangidwa mu goiter yawo. Ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi kwambiri chokhala ndi kirimu wowawasa wachikasu komanso mapuloteni ambiri. Kuchokera ku zakudya zotere, pa tsiku lachiwiri, anapiye a njiwa a thanthwe amawirikiza kulemera kwawo. Kudyetsa mkaka kumachitika kwa masiku 6-7, 3-4 pa tsiku. Kenako makolowo amathira mbewu zosiyanasiyana pamkaka. Kuyambira tsiku la 10 la kubadwa, anapiye amadyetsedwa ndi tirigu wothira kwambiri ndi mkaka wochepa wa mbewu.

Anapiye amapita kale ku mapiko patatha masiku 33-35 ataswa. Panthawi imeneyi, yaikazi imapitiriza kukulitsa mazira otsatirawa. Kutha msinkhu wa nkhunda kumachitika ali ndi zaka 5-6 miyezi. Nthawi zambiri moyo wa nkhunda zakutchire ndi zaka 3-5.

Ubale wa anthu

Kuyambira kale, nkhunda yakhala ikulemekezedwa ngati mbalame yopatulika. Kutchulidwa kwake kunapezeka m'mipukutu ya zaka 5000 zapitazo. M’Baibulo, njiwa imapezeka m’nkhani ya Nowa pamene anatumiza mbalame kuti ikafufuze nthaka. M’zipembedzo zonse, nkhunda imaimira mtendere.

Nkhunda za miyala zimadziwika kuti ndi ma positi abwino. Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu akhala akugwiritsa ntchito thandizo lawo popereka uthenga wofunika kwambiri. Kuthandiza nkhunda mu izi ndi kuthekera kwawo nthawi zonse kupeza njira yobwerera kwawo, kulikonse komwe atengedwera. Mpaka pano, asayansi sanapereke yankho lenileni la momwe nkhunda zimachitira. Ena amakhulupirira kuti mbalame zimatsogoleredwa ndi mphamvu ya maginito komanso kuwala kwa dzuwa. Ena amanena kuti nkhunda za imvi zimagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zoikidwa ndi munthu - zochitika za moyo wawo.

Nkhunda za Synanthropic ndizozoloŵera kwa anthu ndipo siziwopa kuyandikira, kutenga chakudya mwachindunji m'manja mwawo. Koma zoona zake n’zakuti kudyetsa nkhunda n’koopsa. Mbalamezi zimatha kupatsira munthu matenda khumi ndi awiri owopsa kwa iye. Komanso mbalame zimanyamula mitundu pafupifupi 50 ya tizilombo toopsa. Vuto lina lokhudzana ndi nkhunda za m’mizinda n’loti zimaipitsa zipilala zomangidwa ndi nyumba za mumzinda ndi zitosi zake.

Kwa nthawi yaitali, nkhunda zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ziweto. Iwo ankawetedwa nyama, fluff, mazira, feteleza. Zaka XNUMX zapitazo, nyama ya nkhunda inkaonedwa kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri kuposa ya mbalame ina iliyonse.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kuchuluka kwa anthu akumatauni kukukulirakulira, pomwe zakutchire zikuchepa. M'pofunika kuyandikira nkhani ya cohabitation wa munthu ndi thanthwe nkhunda ndi kumvetsa. Funsoli siliyenera kusiyidwa mwamwayi. Thandizo pakudyetsa nkhunda zam'misewu ndikuchotsa matenda a mbalame ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi munthu mwanzeru.

Kutsiliza

Nkhunda imvi ndi mbalame yaing'ono, yomwe munthu amapeza nthawi zonse pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake lachilendo. Poyamba anali positi akupereka nkhani zofunika, kenako membala wa gulu lopulumutsa anthu kuti afufuze anthu omwe akusowa. Munthu ali ndi chinachake choti aphunzire kuchokera ku nkhunda - kudzipereka ndi kukhulupirika, chikondi ndi ubwenzi - makhalidwe amenewa amaimira chiyero cha moyo ndi maganizo. Kuti muwone mu njiwa imvi zabwino zomwe zimabweretsa kwa munthu, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungathere za izo.