Mawu akuti katulutsidwe amatanthauza kupanga kwa chinthu ndi khungu kapena gland.

M'thupi la munthu, mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ponena za:

• zinsinsi za bronchopulmonary
• zobisika za m'mimba
• zotsekemera m'mimba
• kutulutsa kwamate

Mawu oti ntchofu ndi, mu zamankhwala, amakonda kuposa zamankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo ndi achindunji. Mwakutanthawuza, ndi katulutsidwe kowoneka bwino, kamene kamapangidwa mwa anthu ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana zamkati kapena mamina. Matope ndi oposa 95% amadzi, komanso ali ndi mapuloteni akuluakulu, makamaka mamina (2%), omwe amawapangitsa kukhala osasunthika komanso osasungunuka (ofanana ndi dzira loyera). Mulinso ma electrolyte, lipids, mchere wambiri, ndi zina zambiri.

Nkhungu imabisidwa makamaka kuchokera m'mapapu, komanso kuchokera kumatumbo ndi njira yoberekera.

Matopewa amatenga gawo la mafuta, kuthira mpweya, ndi chitetezo, zomwe zimakhala chotchinga chotsutsana. Chifukwa chake ndichachinsinsi, kofunikira pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa ziwalo.

Patsambali, tiziwona kwambiri za zikopa za bronchopulmonary ndi mamina, omwe ndi "owoneka" kwambiri, makamaka m'matenda opumira.

Matuza ndi ofunikira kuteteza bronchi: ndiye "chotchinga" choyamba chothana ndi zopweteketsa komanso zopatsirana, zomwe zimalowa m'mapapu mwathu nthawi yolimbikitsidwa (pamlingo wa 500 L wa mpweya wopuma pa ola limodzi, timvetsetsa kuti pali "zonyansa" zambiri !). Amatulutsidwa ndi mitundu iwiri yamaselo: epithelium (ma cell apamwamba) ndi ma sero-mucous glands.

Komabe, pamaso pa matenda kapena kutupa, kutsekemera kwa ntchofu kumatha kuwonjezeka. Ikhozanso kukhala yowoneka bwino kwambiri ndikuletsa mayendedwe apansi, kusokoneza kupuma ndikupangitsa kutsokomola. Kutsokomola kumatha kuyambitsa kutsokomola ntchentche. Mafinya omwe amayembekezeredwa amakhala ndi zotupa za bronchial, komanso zotulutsa m'mphuno, mkamwa ndi pharynx. Lili ndi zinyalala zamagulu ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimatha kusintha mawonekedwe ndi utoto.

Izi ndi zina mwazomwe zimayambitsa bronchial hypersecretion:

• bronchitis
• Matenda achilendo am'mimba (zovuta za chimfine, chimfine)
• mphumu (kukokomeza katulutsidwe wama bronchi)
• edema ya pulmonary
• kusuta
• matenda a m'mapapo zotchinga Matenda osachiritsika kapena osachiritsika am'mapapu
• kukhudzana ndi zoipitsa mpweya (fumbi, ufa, mankhwala, ndi zina zambiri)
• cystic fibrosis (cystic fibrosis), yomwe ndi matenda amtundu
• idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
• chifuwa chachikulu

Ngati ntchofu imapangidwa mochuluka kwambiri, imasokoneza kusinthana kwa mpweya m'mapapu (motero kupuma), kulepheretsa kuthana ndi zonyansa ndikulimbikitsa kutsata kwa mabakiteriya.

Kutsokomola kumathandizira kuchotsa mamina owonjezera. Chifuwacho ndichachidziwikire chomwe chimayang'ana kuchotsa bronchi, trachea ndi mmero wa zotsekemera zomwe zimapanikizana. Timalankhula za kutsokomola kapena kutsokomola kwamafuta mukamatulutsa sputum.

Sputum ikakhala ndi mafinya (achikaso kapena obiriwira), pangafunike kufunsa, ngakhale utoto suli wokhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa mabakiteriya. Kumbali inayi, kupezeka kwa magazi kuyenera kuyambitsa kufunsa kwadzidzidzi.

Njira zothetsera mavutowo zimadalira chifukwa.

Kwa matenda osachiritsika monga mphumu, pali mankhwala olembedwa bwino, ovuta komanso othandizira kusintha matenda omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa zizindikilo ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino, kapena pafupifupi.

Ngati muli ndi matenda opatsirana kapena opatsirana, makamaka bronchitis, chithandizo cha maantibayotiki chitha kukhala chofunikira. Nthawi zina, mankhwala ochepetsa thupilo kuti athandize kuthetsedwa atha kulimbikitsidwa.

Zachidziwikire, ngati bronchial hypersecretion imalumikizidwa ndi kusuta, kuleka kusuta kokha kumathetsa mkwiyo ndikubwezeretsa epithelium yamapapo. Ditto ngati kukwiya kukugwirizana ndikuwonetsa zakumwa, mwachitsanzo kuntchito. Pakadali pano, dokotala wantchito ayenera kufunsidwa kuti aone kuopsa kwa zizindikirazo ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, angaganizire zosintha ntchito.

Kwa matenda owopsa kwambiri monga matenda opatsirana a m'mapapo kapena cystic fibrosis, chithandizo cham'mapapo cham'magulu odziwa matendawa chikhala chofunikira.