Lamba wamapewa amapangidwa ndi mafupa olumikiza mapewa ndi thunthu: chifukwa chake limaphatikizapo scapula (scapula) ndi clavicle. Mafupa awa amakhala ngati cholumikizira kumtunda kwakumtunda. Chifukwa chake, lamba wamapewa amatenga nawo mbali pakuyenda kwa miyendo yakumtunda powapatsa mayendedwe awo.

Kapangidwe kameneka, komwe kamalumikiza dzanja ndi thunthu, kumakhala ndi ufulu wambiri woyenda. Ili ngati "kuyika" pamutu, kolala ili patsogolo, scapula kumbuyo. M'malo mwake, kulumikizana bwino kwa phewa kumafunikira kudziyimira pawokha pakuyenda pakati pa scapula ndi mkono. 

«Ndi chifukwa cha lamba wamapewa pomwe anthu amatha kuchita zovuta, monga kukwera, kukwawa kapena kupachika pamitengo! ” imasonyeza Futura-Sciences, tsamba lofotokozera lomwe limayankha mafunso asayansi.

Inde, lamba wachikulireyu ndi mafupa omwe amalumikiza mapewa ndi thunthu. Chifukwa chake amapangidwa ndi scapula (kapena scapula) ndi kolala.

Chiyambi cha etymological cha mawu oti "chopanda“Ndi liwu lachilatini”scapulaZomwe zikutanthauza "phemba“. Ndi ufulu wambiri woyenda, lamba wamapewa akuwoneka kuti "adayikidwa" pamphumi. Kholala lili patsogolo ndipo scapula ili pambuyo pake.

Kodi clavicle ndi chiyani?

Ndi fupa lalitali lomwe limakhala ndi malekezero awiri komanso nkhope ziwiri: nkhope yakumtunda ndiyosalala, imalowetsa minofu ya trapezius ndi minofu ya deltoid, nkhope yakumunsi ndiyolimba ndipo ili ndi ma tubercles.

Kodi scapula ndi chiyani?

Amatchedwanso scapula, ili ndi mawonekedwe a makona atatu omwe ali ndi nkhope ziwiri, nkhope yakutsogolo ya biconcave kutsogolo, ndi nkhope yakumbuyo yogawika pakati ndi msana wa scapula.

Makamaka, mafupa awa omwe amapanga lamba wopangidwa amapangidwa, mbali imodzi, ndi clavicle, ndi mbali inayi, pa scapula, ndi acromion (dzina la gawo la fupa la scapula lomwe limapanga Kutuluka kwamfupa kumtunda ndi kumbuyo) komanso msana wa scapula (mtunda womwe umayenda mozungulira mbali yakumbuyo kwa fupa lino).

Ntchito ya lamba wamapewawu ndikutenga ngati cholumikizira kumtunda, mkono. Chifukwa chake ndi malo ofunikira osunthika omwe ali pamapewa. Chifukwa chake, kulumikizana koyenera kwamapewa kumafunikira kudziyimira pawokha pakuyenda pakati pa scapula ndi mkono.

Minofu ya lamba wamapewa imakhala ndi ntchito yolimbitsa, mkhalidwe wa ufulu woyenda mkono. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kudziwa kuti clavicle imagwira ntchito mopanikiza, kutanthauza kuti "qu'mpakaImatumiza katunduyo kuchokera kumiyendo kumtunda kupita kumafupa ofananira kudzera munjira yayikulu", Akuwonetsa nkhani yasayansi yofalitsidwa ndi Jean-Luc Voisin, dokotala wa paleontology ya anthu. 

Kuphatikiza apo, zikuwoneka kuti ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi ufulu wodziyimira pawokha pakati pa lamba wamapewa ndi khomo lachiberekero: kusuntha kwazomweku kumakhala, makamaka, nthawi zambiri kumachepetsedwa ndimavuto am'mapewa.

Pamapeto pake, lamba wamapewa amazungulira mozungulira mozungulira kumapeto kwa kolala. Chifukwa chake phewa limakhala lomwe limapanga zovuta zina, zopangidwa ndimalo angapo omwe amalumikizana pakuyenda kwa mkono.

Zovuta zingapo kapena zovuta zimatha kukhudza lamba wamapewa makamaka:

• kusalongosoka: m'malo osasunthika a lamba wamapewa, nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera komanso patsogolo. Izi ndichifukwa chakumangika kwakukulu kwa ma pectorals, chapamwamba trapezius ndi / kapena latissimus dorsi;
• Osteoarthritis: matenda amtunduwu samapezeka kawirikawiri m'chiuno chamapewa;
• periarthritis: pafupipafupi, amatha kukhala ocheperako. Zowawa zonse zomwe zimapezeka mdera lamapewa amatchedwanso scapulalgia;
• tendonitis: amatha kuchepetsa mayendedwe ena;
• zotupa: zotupa, pafupipafupi, pazomveka zomangidwa ndi lamba wamapewa zimaphulika fupa lililonse lokhudzana ndi phewa kapena scapula.

Chithandizo cha kulephera kwa lamba wamapewa makamaka zotupa zake ndizofunikira makamaka pazochita zolimbitsa thupi, zomwe cholinga chake ndi kukhazikika ndikulimbitsa lamba, chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi katswiri wa physiotherapy.

Kuphatikiza apo, pankhani yolemetsa scapulalgia, oyang'anira ndi angapo ndipo amaphatikizapo:

• kumwa mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito kutupa (NSAIDs) ndi ma analgesics: awa cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kupweteka komanso kuchepetsa kutupa;
• jakisoni wa cortisone omwe amathandiza kulimbana ndi kutupa;
• magawo a physiotherapy amafunikira ngati mayendedwe achepetsedwa.

Ngati mankhwalawa sakugwira ntchito, opaleshoni imatha kuganiziridwa, yomwe ingatsatiridwe ndikukonzanso phewa.

Kupezeka kwa matenda okhudzana ndi lamba wamapewa makamaka scapulalgia, kumalimbikitsa kuti:

• kuyezetsa kuchipatala: pofufuza kuyenda kwa phewa, poligwiritsa ntchito mwanjira yogwira komanso yosachita chidwi, pofotokoza madera akumva kuwawa komanso kukula kwa ululu;
• mayeso azachipatala ngati kuli kofunikira, monga: x-ray paphewa, kujambula kwamagnetic resonance (MRI) kapena ultrasound;
• kuyesa magazi: zimapangitsa kuti zitheke makamaka kutsimikizira mbali yotupa;
• electromyogram: kuyezetsa uku kumayang'ana magwiridwe antchito am'mitsempha yamtundu wa suprascapular komanso yayitali pakakhala kukakamizidwa. M'malo mwake, electromyogram imalola kusanthula zikhumbo zamitsempha zamagalimoto ndi zam'mimba komanso zaminyewa.

Kuphatikizika kokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa morphology ya clavicle mkati mwa mtundu Homo, motsogozedwa ndi gulu la a Jean-Luc Voisin, dokotala wa paleontology ya anthu ku Paris Natural History Museum, adawulula zakapangidwe kake ndi magwiridwe antchito a morphology iyi pakhosi lapa phewa. 

Mwa anyani akulu, zodziwika bwino za clavicular zathandiza kuti pakhale njira yothetsera kayendetsedwe ka pendulum, makamaka mu gibbon. Chifukwa chake, clavicular morphology ndichikhalidwe cha anyani akulu: clavicle yawo imasokoneza (ndiko kunena kusinthidwa kwa malo) ndimipindikidwe iwiri. Mitunduyi, imadziwikanso ndi scapula yayikulu komanso mikwingwirima yokhudzana ndi chifuwa, zomwe zimalola kuyimitsidwa ndikuyenda pansi. 

Kutuluka kwa mutu kupitirira mapewa

Munthu, mbali yake, amadziwika ndi "cervico-cephalic", poyerekeza ndi anyani akuluakulu: motero, akuwonetsanso nkhani ya Jean-Luc Voisin, "khosi limakula msanga ndikupangitsa mutu kutuluka m'mapewa“. Ndipo, malinga ndi wasayansi Sakka, chodabwitsa ichi chakhala "yokhudzana ndi kutsika kwa lamba wam'mbali pamphumi ". Pamapeto pake, "Kutsika kwa lamba wamapewa mwa anthu, poyerekeza ndi anyani akuluakulu, kungafotokozere kupezeka kopindika kamodziMwa clavicle wamunthu poyerekeza ndi kukhalapo kwa kupindika kwapamwamba komanso kutsika kwa anyani ena.

Morphology yokhudzana ndi bipedalism

Ndipo pamapeto pake, zikuwoneka kuti "clavicular morphology ya munthu ndi chizolowezi cha bipedalism chifukwa imalola kusamalira phewa pamalo okhazikika, ndiye kuti ndi mphamvu zochepa", Akuwonjezera a Jean-Luc Voisin.

Kuphatikiza apo, akuwonjezera kutiquun makono a clavicular morphology amakono omwe amawoneka bwino kwambiri adawonekera mwachangu m'mbiri ya anthu: bipedalism itangokhala yayikulu ndipo dzanja lidamasulidwa ku zovuta zapanyumba".

Bipedalism, mwa anthu: gawo lalikulu m'mbiri yakusintha kwake, zomwe zotsatira zake ndi, ngakhale lero, ndizofufuza zambiri zasayansi.