khansa ya pakhungu
Titha kugawa khansa ya pakhungu m'magulu awiri akulu: osakhala khansa ya khansa ndi khansa yapakhungu.
Osakhala melanomas: carcinomas
Mawu oti "carcinoma" amatanthawuza zotupa zoyipa zoyambira zaminyewa (epithelium ndi mbiri yakale ya khungu ndi zina zam'mimba).
Carcinoma ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imapezeka kwambiri ku Caucasus. Simalankhulidwa kwambiri chifukwa sichimabweretsa imfa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizovuta kuzindikira milandu.
Le basal cell carcinoma ndi squamous cell carcinoma kapena epidermoid ndi mitundu iwiri yofala kwambiri ya khansa ya khansa. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 2.
carcinoma basal cell zokha zimakhala pafupifupi 90% ya khansa yapakhungu. Amapanga pakatikati pa epidermis.
Ku Caucasus, basal cell carcinoma si khansa yapakhungu yodziwika kwambiri, koma khansa yofala kwambiri, yomwe ikuimira 15 mpaka 20% ya khansa yonse ku France. Kuwonongeka kwa basal cell carcinoma kwenikweni kumakhala kwakomweko (sikumayambitsa metastases, zotupa zachiwiri zomwe zimapanga kutali ndi chotupa choyambirira, maselo a khansa atasiyana nawo), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizipha kwambiri, komabe , makamaka m'malo a perioriform (maso, mphuno, pakamwa, ndi zina) zitha kudula ziwalo, kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa zinthu pakhungu.
carcinoma kutuloji ou kutchuya ndi carcinoma yomwe idapangidwa chifukwa cha khungu, limatulutsa mawonekedwe am'magazi a keratinized. Ku France, epidermoid carcinomas imabwera chachiwiri pakati pa khansa yapakhungu ndipo imayimira 20% ya ma carcinomas. Squamous cell carcinomas amatha kusamba koma izi ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo 1% yokha ya odwala omwe amakhala ndi squamous cell carcinoma amamwalira ndi khansa yawo.
Pali mitundu ina ya carcinoma (adnexal, metatypical…) koma ndiyapadera kwambiri
Melanoma
Timapereka dzina la khansa ya khansa ku zotupa zoyipa omwe amapanga ma melanocytes, maselo omwe amapanga melanin (pigment) omwe amapezeka makamaka pakhungu ndi m'maso. Amakonda kuwonekera ngati banga lakuda.
Ndi milandu isanu yatsopano ku Canada mu 5, khansa ya khansa imayimira 7e khansa omwe amapezeka kwambiri mdziko muno11.
The khansa zitha kuchitika msinkhu uliwonse. Ndi ena mwa khansa yomwe imatha kupita patsogolo mwachangu ndikupanga ma metastases. Ali ndi udindo wa 75% ya imfa chifukwa cha khansa yapakhungu. Mwamwayi, ngati atapezeka msanga, amatha kuchiritsidwa bwino.
Mfundo. M'mbuyomu, amakhulupirira kuti pakhoza kukhala khansa ya khansa (zotupa zomveka bwino zomwe sizingachitike mthupi) ndi khansa yapakhosi yoyipa. Tikudziwa tsopano kuti ma melanomas onse ndi oyipa.
Zimayambitsa
Kufotokozera mphezi zowotcha du dzuwa ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha khansa ya pakhungu.
Zopangira ma radiation a ultraviolet (nyali za dzuwa mu kusanza masanjidwe) akuphatikizidwanso. Ziwalo za thupi zomwe zimawonekera padzuwa ndizomwe zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu (nkhope, khosi, manja, mikono). Komabe, khansa yapakhungu imatha kupanga kulikonse.
Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, kukhudzana ndi khungu kwa nthawi yayitali mankhwala mankhwala, makamaka pantchito, zitha kukulitsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa yapakhungu.
Kupsa ndi dzuwa komanso kuwonekera pafupipafupi: samalani! Kuwonetsedwa ndi cheza cha ultraviolet kwakhala zotsatira zowonjezera, ndiye kuti, amaphatikiza kapena kuphatikiza pakapita nthawi. Kuwonongeka kwa khungu kumayambira adakali aang'ono ndipo, ngakhale sikuwoneka, kumawonjezera moyo wonse. Pulogalamu ya ziphuphu (non-melanomas) amayamba chifukwa chokhala padzuwa pafupipafupi komanso mosalekeza. Pulogalamu ya khansa, chifukwa cha iwo, makamaka chifukwa cha padzuwa mwamphamvu komanso mwachidule, makamaka omwe amachititsa kutentha kwa dzuwa. |
Numeri:
- M'mayiko omwe anthu ambiri ali Khungu loyera, Matenda a khansa yapakhungu ali pachiwopsezo cha awiri pakati pa chaka cha 2000 ndi chaka cha 2015, malinga ndi lipoti la United Nations (UN)1.
- Ku Canada, ndi khansa yomwe ikukula mwachangu kwambiri, yomwe imakwera ndi 1,6% chaka chilichonse.
- Akuyerekeza kuti 50% ya anthu ochokera pa 65 adzakhala ndi khansa yapakhungu kamodzi asanamwalire.
- Khansa yapakhungu ndiyo njira yofala kwambiri ya khansa yachiwiri : potanthauza izi munthu amene ali ndi khansa amakhala ndi khansa ina, makamaka khansa yapakhungu.
matenda
Choyamba ndi a kuyesa mwakuthupi zomwe zimalola dokotala kudziwa ngati chotupa akhoza kukhala kapena khansa.
Makanema ojambula pamanja : Uku ndikuwunika ndi galasi lokulitsira lotchedwa dermoscope, lomwe limakupatsani mwayi wowona zotupa pakhungu ndikuwunikanso matenda awo.
biopsy. Ngati dokotalayo akuganiza kuti ali ndi khansa, amatenga khungu lachikopa pamalo omwe akukayikira kuti aperekedwe kukafufuza labotale. Izi zimulola kuti adziwe ngati minofuyo ilidi ndi khansa ndipo imupatsa lingaliro lakukula kwa matendawa.
Mayesero ena. Ngati biopsy ikuwonetsa kuti mutu uli ndi khansa, adokotala adzaitanitsa mayeso ena kuti awunikenso gawo lakukula kwa matenda. Kuyezetsa kumatha kudziwa ngati khansayo idakalipobe kapena ngati yayamba kufalikira kunja kwa khungu.