Mtengo wa thanzi komanso kapangidwe ka mankhwala.
| Zakudya zabwino | kuchuluka | Zachikhalidwe ** | % yazizolowezi mu 100 g | % ya zachilendo mu 100 kcal | 100% yachibadwa |
| Mtengo wa calorie | Tsamba 181 | Tsamba 1684 | 10.7% | 5.9% | 930 ga |
| Mapuloteni | 15 ga | 76 ga | 19.7% | 10.9% | 507 ga |
| mafuta | 8 ga | 56 ga | 14.3% | 7.9% | 700 ga |
| Zakudya | 11.5 ga | 219 ga | 5.3% | 2.9% | 1904 ga |
| zidulo zamagulu | 1 ga | ~ | |||
| Water | 63.6 ga | 2273 ga | 2.8% | 1.5% | 3574 ga |
| ash | 0.9 ga | ~ | |||
| mavitamini | |||||
| Vitamini A, RE | Makilogalamu 43 | Makilogalamu 900 | 4.8% | 2.7% | 2093 ga |
| Retinol | 0.04 mg | ~ | |||
| beta carotenes | 0.02 mg | 5 mg | 0.4% | 0.2% | 25000 ga |
| Vitamini B1, thiamine | 0.04 mg | 1.5 mg | 2.7% | 1.5% | 3750 ga |
| Vitamini B2, riboflavin | 0.27 mg | 1.8 mg | 15% | 8.3% | 667 ga |
| Vitamini B4, choline | 46.7 mg | 500 mg | 9.3% | 5.1% | 1071 ga |
| Vitamini B5, pantothenic | 0.28 mg | 5 mg | 5.6% | 3.1% | 1786 ga |
| Vitamini B6, pyridoxine | 0.11 mg | 2 mg | 5.5% | 3% | 1818 ga |
| Vitamini B9, folate | Makilogalamu 35 | Makilogalamu 400 | 8.8% | 4.9% | 1143 ga |
| Vitamini B12, cobalamin | Makilogalamu 1 | Makilogalamu 3 | 33.3% | 18.4% | 300 ga |
| Vitamini C, ascorbic | 0.5 mg | 90 mg | 0.6% | 0.3% | 18000 ga |
| Vitamini D, calciferol | Makilogalamu 0.048 | Makilogalamu 10 | 0.5% | 0.3% | 20833 ga |
| Vitamini E, alpha tocopherol, TE | 0.2 mg | 15 mg | 1.3% | 0.7% | 7500 ga |
| Vitamini H, biotin | Makilogalamu 5.1 | Makilogalamu 50 | 10.2% | 5.6% | 980 ga |
| Vitamini PP, NO | 2.9 mg | 20 mg | 14.5% | 8% | 690 ga |
| niacin | 0.4 mg | ~ | |||
| Ma Macronutrients | |||||
| Potaziyamu, K | 101 mg | 2500 mg | 4% | 2.2% | 2475 ga |
| Calcium, CA | 148 mg | 1000 mg | 14.8% | 8.2% | 676 ga |
| Mankhwala a magnesium, mg | 21 mg | 400 mg | 5.3% | 2.9% | 1905 ga |
| Sodium, Na | 37 mg | 1300 mg | 2.8% | 1.5% | 3514 ga |
| Sulufule, S | 150 mg | 1000 mg | 15% | 8.3% | 667 ga |
| Phosphorus, P. | 198 mg | 800 mg | 24.8% | 13.7% | 404 ga |
| Mankhwala, Cl | 152 mg | 2300 mg | 6.6% | 3.6% | 1513 ga |
| Tsatani Zinthu | |||||
| Zotayidwa, Al | Makilogalamu 50 | ~ | |||
| Iron, Faith | 0.4 mg | 18 mg | 2.2% | 1.2% | 4500 ga |
| Ayodini, ine | Makilogalamu 9 | Makilogalamu 150 | 6% | 3.3% | 1667 ga |
| Cobalt, Co. | Makilogalamu 1 | Makilogalamu 10 | 10% | 5.5% | 1000 ga |
| Manganese, Mn | 0.008 mg | 2 mg | 0.4% | 0.2% | 25000 ga |
| Mkuwa, Cu | Makilogalamu 74 | Makilogalamu 1000 | 7.4% | 4.1% | 1351 ga |
| Mzinda wa Molybdenum, Mo. | Makilogalamu 7.7 | Makilogalamu 70 | 11% | 6.1% | 909 ga |
| Kutsogolera, Sn | Makilogalamu 13 | ~ | |||
| Selenium, Ngati | Makilogalamu 30 | Makilogalamu 55 | 54.5% | 30.1% | 183 ga |
| Olimba, Sr. | Makilogalamu 17 | ~ | |||
| Zamadzimadzi, F | Makilogalamu 32 | Makilogalamu 4000 | 0.8% | 0.4% | 12500 ga |
| Chrome, Kr | Makilogalamu 2 | Makilogalamu 50 | 4% | 2.2% | 2500 ga |
| Nthaka, Zn | 0.394 mg | 12 mg | 3.3% | 1.8% | 3046 ga |
| Zakudya zam'mimba | |||||
| Mono- ndi disaccharides (shuga) | 11.5 ga | maulendo 100 г | |||
| sterols | |||||
| Cholesterol | 22 mg | pa 300 mg | |||
| Mafuta okhutira | |||||
| Mafuta okhutira | 5 ga | maulendo 18.7 г | |||
| Monounsaturated mafuta zidulo | 2.35 ga | Mphindi 16.8 г | 14% | 7.7% | |
| Mafuta a Polyunsaturated acids | 0.46 ga | kuchokera 11.2 mpaka 20.6 | 4.1% | 2.3% | |
| Omega-3 mafuta acids | 0.067 ga | kuchokera 0.9 mpaka 3.7 | 7.4% | 4.1% | |
| Omega-6 mafuta acids | 0.39 ga | kuchokera 4.7 mpaka 16.8 | 8.3% | 4.6% |
Mphamvu ndi 181 kcal.
- vitamini B2 amatenga nawo mbali pazokonzanso za redox, imathandizira chidwi chamitundu ya chowunikira chowonera ndikusinthasintha kwamdima. Mavitamini B2 osakwanira amaphatikizidwa ndi kuphwanya khungu, nembanemba yam'mimba, kuwonongeka kwa kuwala ndi kuwunika kwamadzulo.
- vitamini B12 imachita gawo lofunikira pakusintha kwama metabolism ndikusintha kwa amino acid. Folate ndi vitamini B12 ndi mavitamini ogwirizana ndipo amatenga nawo mbali pakupanga magazi. Kusowa kwa vitamini B12 kumabweretsa kukulira kuchepa kwa tsankho kapena sekondale, komanso kuchepa kwa magazi, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia.
- Vitamini PP amachita nawo zochita redox mphamvu kagayidwe. Kusakwanira kudya mavitamini kumatsagana ndi kusokonekera kwa khungu, m'mimba komanso m'mitsempha.
- kashiamu ndiye gawo lalikulu la mafupa athu, amakhala ngati wolamulira wamanjenje, amatenga nawo gawo pakumapindika kwa minofu. Kulephera kwa calcium kumabweretsa demineralization ya msana, mafupa amchiuno ndi kumapeto kwenikweni, kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kufooka kwa mafupa.
- Phosphorus amatenga nawo gawo pazinthu zambiri zakuthupi, kuphatikiza mphamvu yamagetsi, kuwongolera kuyamwa kwa asidi, ndi gawo la phospholipids, nucleotides ndi nucleic acid, ndikofunikira pakuchepetsa mafupa ndi mano. Kuperewera kumabweretsa matenda a anorexia, kuchepa magazi, ziphuphu.
- Molybdenum ndi cofactor wa michere yambiri yomwe imapatsa mphamvu kupangika kwa sulfure wokhala ndi amino acid, purines ndi pyrimidines.
- Selenium - chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha chitetezo cha antioxidant cha thupi la munthu, chimakhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi, chimagwira nawo ntchito yokhudza mahomoni a chithokomiro. Kuperewera kumabweretsa matenda a Kashin-Beck (osteoarthritis omwe ali ndi ziwalo zingapo, msana ndi mafupa), matenda a Keshan (opatsirana myocardiopathy), cholowa cha thrombastenia.
Mtengo wamagetsi, kapena zopatsa kalori Ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'thupi la munthu kuchokera ku chakudya panthawi ya chimbudzi. Mphamvu yamphamvu ya chinthu imayesedwa mu kilocalories (kcal) kapena kilojoules (kJ) pa 100 magalamu. mankhwala. Kilocalorie yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya chakudya imatchedwanso "calorie yachakudya," chifukwa chake mawu oyambira pa kilo nthawi zambiri samasiyidwa akamanena zopatsa mphamvu mu (kilo) zopatsa mphamvu. Mutha kuwona matebulo atsatanetsatane amagetsi pazinthu zaku Russia.
Mtengo wa zakudya - zili ndi chakudya, mafuta ndi mapuloteni.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi - gulu lazinthu zopangira chakudya, pamaso pazomwe thupi limakwaniritsa zosowa zamunthu ndi mphamvu.
mavitamini, zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zimafunikira pang'ono pang'ono pazakudya za anthu komanso zinyama zambiri. Mavitamini nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zomera m'malo mwa nyama. Chosowa cha anthu tsiku ndi tsiku cha mavitamini ndi mamiligalamu ochepa kapena ma micrograms ochepa. Mosiyana ndi zinthu zopanda pake, mavitamini amawonongeka ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Mavitamini ambiri amakhala osakhazikika komanso "amatayika" pophika kapena pokonza chakudya.