Mawonetseredwe oyamba a matendawa nthawi zambiri samazindikira. Ambiri a khansa ya pakhungu osayambitsa kupweteka, kuyabwa kapena kutuluka magazi.

Basal cell carcinoma

70 mpaka 80% ya basal cell carcinomas imapezeka pa nkhope ndi khosi ndi kuzungulira 30% pamphuno, yomwe ndi malo omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri; zina kawirikawiri malo ndi masaya, pamphumi, periphery maso, makamaka pa ngodya mkati.

Zimawonetsedwa makamaka ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• khungu lanyama kapena lapinki, phula kapena "ngale" kumaso, makutu, kapena khosi;
• pinki, chigamba chosalala pachifuwa kapena kumbuyo;
• chironda chosapola.

Pali mitundu inayi yayikulu ya basal cell carcinoma:

- Flat basal cell carcinoma kapena yokhala ndi malire a ngale

Ndilo mawonekedwe okhazikika, kupanga cholembera chozungulira kapena chowulungika, kukula pang'onopang'ono kwa miyezi kapena zaka, yodziwika ndi malire a ngale (ngale za carcinomatous ndi zophuka zazing'ono za mamilimita angapo m'mimba mwake, zolimba, zowoneka bwino, zophatikizidwa mkati. khungu, lofanana ndi ngale zotukuka, zotengera zazing'ono.

- Nodular basal cell carcinoma

Mawonekedwe afupipafupiwa amapangitsanso kukwera kosasunthika kwa kukhazikika kolimba, koyera kapena kofiirira kokhala ndi zotengera zazing'ono, zofanana ndi ngale zomwe tafotokozazi. Zikasintha ndikupitilira 3-4 mm m'mimba mwake, ndizofala kuwona kukhumudwa pakati, kuwapatsa mawonekedwe a phiri lomwe latha lomwe lili ndi malire owoneka bwino komanso amapiri. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosalimba komanso zimatuluka magazi mosavuta.

- Superficial basal cell carcinoma

Ndi basal cell carcinoma yokhayo yomwe imapezeka pa thunthu (pafupifupi theka la milandu) ndi miyendo. Zimapanga zolembera zapinki kapena zofiira zowonjezedwa pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'onopang'ono.

-Basal cell carcinoma scleroderma

Basal cell carcinoma iyi ndi yosowa kwambiri chifukwa imayimira 2% yokha ya milandu, imapanga zolembera zoyera, zachikasu, zolimba, zomwe malire ake ndi ovuta kufotokoza. Kubwereza kwake kumachitika kawirikawiri chifukwa si zachilendo kuti ablation ikhale yosakwanira kupatsidwa malire omwe ndi ovuta kufotokozera: dermatologist kapena opaleshoni amachotsa zomwe akuwona ndipo nthawi zambiri pamakhala zina zotsalira pamphepete mwa malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito.

Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya basal cell carcinoma imatha kuoneka yakuda (bulauni ndi yakuda) ikapangidwa. Amakhala otaya magazi mosavuta ndipo amatha kuyambitsa matulidwe mwa kuwononga khungu ndi minyewa yamkati (chichereŵechereŵe, mafupa…).

Squamous cell carcinoma

Zimawonetsedwa makamaka ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• khungu loyera kapena loyera, lolimba kapena louma;
• pinki kapena yoyera, yolimba, ya warty nodule;
• chironda chosapola.

Squamous cell carcinoma nthawi zambiri imayamba pa actinic keratosis, chotupa chaching'ono chovuta kukhudza, mamilimita angapo m'mimba mwake, pinki kapena bulauni. Actinic keratoses imapezeka makamaka pamadera omwe ali ndi dzuwa (kugwedezeka kwa nkhope, kumutu kwa amuna omwe ali ndi dazi, kumbuyo kwa manja, kutsogolo, ndi zina zotero). Anthu omwe ali ndi ma actinic keratoses ambiri amakhala ndi chiopsezo cha 10% chokhala ndi invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma pa moyo wawo wonse. Zizindikiro zomwe zimayenera kupangitsa munthu kukayikira kusintha kwa actinic keratosis kukhala squamous cell carcinoma ndi kufalikira kwachangu kwa keratosis ndikulowa kwake (zolembazo zimatupa kwambiri ndikulowa pakhungu, kutaya mawonekedwe ake olimba kukhala olimba). Kenako, imatha kukokoloka kapena ngakhale zilonda ndi kumera. Izi zimabweretsa zilonda zowona za squamous cell carcinoma, kupanga chotupa cholimba chokhala ndi malo osakhazikika, kuphukira ndi zilonda.

Tiyeni titchule mitundu iwiri ya squamous cell carcinoma:

Bowen's intraepidermal carcinoma: uwu ndi mtundu wa squamous cell carcinoma womwe umangopita ku epidermis, pamwamba pakhungu ndipo chifukwa chake alibe chiopsezo chochepa cha metastases (zotengera zomwe zimalola maselo a khansa kusamuka zili mu dermis, pansi pa epidermis. nthawi zambiri mu mawonekedwe a red, mascaly chigamba cha mwachilungamo pang'onopang'ono chitukuko, ndipo ndi wamba pa miyendo Kupanda matenda kumabweretsa chiopsezo chitukuko mu infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma.

- Keratoacanthoma: ndi chotupa chomwe chimawoneka mwachangu, chomwe chimawonekera pafupipafupi kumaso ndi pamwamba pa thunthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale phwetekere yodzaza: nyanga yapakati yokhala ndi mkombero woyera wapinki wokhala ndi ziwiya.

Melanoma

Zimawonetseredwa makamaka ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi.

• mole yomwe imasintha mtundu kapena kukula, kapena imakhala ndi autilaini yosagwirizana;
• mole yomwe ikutuluka magazi kapena ili ndi malo ofiira, oyera, abuluu, kapena abuluu-wakuda;
• zilonda zakuda pakhungu kapena pa mucous nembanemba (mwachitsanzo, mphuno kapena pakamwa).

ndemanga. Melanoma ikhoza kuchitika paliponse pathupi. Komabe, amapezeka kawirikawiri pamsana mwa amuna, ndi mwendo umodzi mwa akazi.