Kudandaula

Kunjenjemera ndi njira ya kunjenjemera kodziwikiratu kwa thupi kapena ziwalo zake. Imayendetsedwa ndi minyewa ya mitsempha ndi contractility ya minofu ulusi. Nthawi zambiri, kunjenjemera ndi chizindikiro cha kusintha kwamanjenje mu dongosolo lamanjenje, komanso kumatha kukhala kwanthawi yochepa, komwe kumachitika pambuyo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kupsinjika. Chifukwa chiyani kunjenjemera kumachitika, kungathe kulamuliridwa ndipo ndiyenera kuwona dokotala liti?

General makhalidwe a boma

Kunjenjemera ndi kugunda kwa minofu komwe munthu sangathe kuwongolera. Chiwalo chimodzi kapena zingapo za thupi zimakhudzidwa ndi ntchitoyi (nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'miyendo, nthawi zambiri m'mutu, zingwe za mawu, thunthu). Odwala omwe ali m'gulu la okalamba ndi omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chisokonezo cha minofu. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kufooka kwa thupi komanso matenda ogwirizana nawo. Nthawi zambiri, kunjenjemera sikuwopseza moyo, koma kumachepetsa kwambiri khalidwe lake. Kunjenjemerako kungakhale kwamphamvu kwambiri moti kumapangitsa munthu kulephera kunyamula zinthu zing’onozing’ono kapena kugona mwamtendere.

Zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko

Nthawi zambiri, kunjenjemera kumachitika chifukwa cha kuvulala kapena ma pathological mu zigawo zakuya zaubongo zomwe zimapangitsa kuyenda. Kudumpha mwadzidzidzi kumatha kukhala chizindikiro cha multiple sclerosis, sitiroko, matenda a neurodegenerative (mwachitsanzo, matenda a Parkinson). Atha kuwonetsanso kulephera kwa impso / chiwindi kapena kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa chithokomiro. Muzochita zamankhwala, nthawi zambiri pamakhala chiwopsezo cha kunjenjemera chifukwa cha majini.

Nthawi zina kunjenjemera sikuwonetsa matenda, koma ndi chitetezo cha thupi ku zokopa zakunja. Zina mwazo - poizoni wa mercury, kuledzera kwa mowa, kupsinjika maganizo kwakukulu. Pamenepa, chivomezicho chimakhala chachifupi ndipo chimatha pamodzi ndi zolimbikitsa.

Kunjenjemera sikuchitika popanda chifukwa. Ngati simungathe kufotokoza chiyambi cha chivomezicho kapena mphamvu yake ikuwoneka yowopsya, funsani dokotala.

Kugawika kwa kukomoka kopanda dala

Madokotala amagawa chivomerezi m'magulu a 4 - pulayimale, sekondale, psychogenic ndi kunjenjemera mu matenda a chapakati mantha dongosolo. Kugwedeza kwakukulu kumachitika monga chitetezo chachilengedwe cha thupi kuti chizizira, mantha, kuledzera ndipo sichifuna chithandizo. Magulu otsalawo ndi chiwonetsero cha matenda oopsa omwe amafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala.

Kugawikana molingana ndi momwe zimachitikira

Kunjenjemera kumatha kuchitika muzochitika ziwiri zokha - panthawi ya ntchito kapena minofu yotsalayo. Kunjenjemera kwa zochita (zochita) kumayambika panthawi ya kukanika kwa minofu modzifunira. Ku chizindikiro chakuti dongosolo lamanjenje limatumiza ku minofu, zowonjezera zingapo zimagwirizanitsidwa, zomwe zimayambitsa kunjenjemera. Kunjenjemera kwa zochita kumatha kukhala kwa postural, kinetic komanso mwadala. Kunjenjemera kwapambuyo kumachitika pamene akugwira kaimidwe, kugwedezeka kwa kinetic kumachitika panthawi yosuntha, ndipo kunjenjemera mwadala kumachitika pamene mukuyandikira cholinga (mwachitsanzo, poyesa kutenga chinachake, gwirani nkhope / mbali ina ya thupi).

Kugwedezeka kopumula kumachitika pokhapokha mutakhala womasuka, kumasowa kapena kumangokhala chete pakuyenda. Nthawi zambiri, chizindikirocho chimasonyeza matenda okhudza ubongo. Pamene matendawa akupita, matalikidwe a kusinthasintha pang'onopang'ono amawonjezeka, zomwe zimasokoneza kwambiri moyo komanso zimalepheretsa kugwira ntchito kwa munthu.

Mitundu ya kunjenjemera

Mitundu yayikulu ya kunjenjemera ndi:

1. Kunjenjemera kwa thupi. Nthawi zambiri am'deralo m'manja ndipo pafupifupi sanamve ndi munthu. Ndi chikhalidwe chachifupi ndipo chimachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a nkhawa, kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, kukhudzana ndi kutentha kochepa, kuledzera kwa mowa kapena poizoni wa mankhwala. Komanso, kunjenjemera kwa thupi kumatha kukhala zotsatira zoyipa za kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amphamvu.
2. Kugwedeza kwa Dystonic. Matendawa ndi ofanana kwa odwala omwe ali ndi dystonia. Nthawi zambiri, zimachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a dystonic kaimidwe ndipo pang'onopang'ono imakula pamene matenda akukula.
3. kugwedezeka kwa neuropathic. Kunjenjemera kwa postural-kinetic, komwe nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha chibadwa.
4. Kunjenjemera kofunikira. Nthawi zambiri, zokhazikika m'manja, ndi mayiko awiri. Kudumpha kwa minofu sikungangophimba manja okha, komanso torso, mutu, milomo, miyendo, ngakhale zingwe za mawu. Kunjenjemera kofunikira kumapatsirana ndi majini. Nthawi zambiri amatsagana ndi torticollis pang'ono, kamvekedwe ka minofu m'malekezero, ndi kupindika pakulemba.
5. Iatrogenic kapena kugwedezeka kwa mankhwala. Zimachitika ngati zotsatira zoyipa kuchokera ku kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena zochita zopanda luso za dokotala.
6. Kugwedezeka kwa Parkinsonian. Ichi ndi chomwe chimatchedwa "mpumulo wogwedezeka", womwe umafooketsa panthawi ya kuyenda kapena ntchito ina iliyonse. Chizindikiro ndi khalidwe la matenda a Parkinson, koma akhoza kuchitika mu matenda ena ndi parkinsonism syndrome (mwachitsanzo, ndi multisystem atrophy). Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'manja, nthawi zina miyendo, milomo, chibwano zimakhudzidwa, nthawi zambiri mutu.
7. Kunjenjemera kwa Cerebellar. Uku ndi kunjenjemera kwadala, komwe sikumawoneka ngati kunjenjemera. Thupi limachita kunjenjemera, osati nthawi zambiri mutu.
8. Holmes kunjenjemera (rubral). Kuphatikizika kwa kusadziletsa kwa postural ndi kinetic contractions komwe kumachitika pakupuma.

Features wa mankhwala

Kudumpha kwa minofu sikufuna chithandizo nthawi zonse. Nthawi zina mawonetseredwe awo amakhala ochepa kwambiri moti munthu samamva bwino kwambiri ndipo akupitiriza kugwira ntchito mwachizolowezi. Nthawi zina, kufunafuna chithandizo choyenera mwachindunji kumadalira matenda.

Kodi kunjenjemera kumazindikirika bwanji?

Matenda amachokera ku kafukufuku wa mbiri yachipatala ya wodwalayo, kufufuza kwa thupi ndi ubongo. Pa siteji ya kafukufuku zokhudza thupi, adotolo amawulula limagwirira chitukuko, malo ndi mawonetseredwe a kunjenjemera (matalikidwe, pafupipafupi). Kuwunika kwa mitsempha ndikofunikira kuti mupange chithunzi chonse cha matendawa. Mwina kunjenjemera kodziwikiratu kumayenderana ndi kusalankhula bwino, kukhwimitsa minofu kowonjezereka, kapena zofooka zina.

Pambuyo pakuyezetsa koyamba, adokotala amatumiza kuti akayezetse mkodzo ndi magazi, kuyezetsa magazi a biochemical. Izi zithandizira kuthetsa zinthu za metabolic zomwe zimapangitsa kugwedezeka (mwachitsanzo, kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa chithokomiro). Zotsatira zowunikira zimadalira momwe wodwalayo alili. Mwachitsanzo, katswiri akhoza kupereka electromyogram (EMG). EMG ndi njira yophunzirira ntchito za minofu ndi kuyankha kwa minofu pakukondoweza.

Akavulala muubongo, amapereka kutumiza kwa CT kapena MRI, komanso kunjenjemera kwakukulu (munthu sangathe kugwira cholembera / mphanda) - kuti akaphunzire bwino. Wodwala amaperekedwa kuti achite masewera olimbitsa thupi, malinga ndi zomwe dokotala amawunika momwe minofu yake imayendera komanso momwe dongosolo la mitsempha limagwirira ntchito. Zochitazo ndizosavuta - kukhudza mphuno yanu ndi chala chanu, pindani kapena kukweza mwendo, ndi zina zotero.

Chithandizo chamankhwala ndi opaleshoni

Kugwedeza kofunikira kumatha kuthandizidwa ndi beta-blockers. The mankhwala si normalizes kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso kuthetsa nkhawa minofu. Ngati thupi likukana kuyankha beta-blocker, dokotala akhoza kupereka mankhwala apadera oletsa khunyu. Kwa mitundu ina ya kunjenjemera, pamene chithandizo chachikulu sichinagwire ntchito, ndipo muyenera kuchotsa chivomezicho mwamsanga, ma tranquilizers amaperekedwa. Amapereka zotsatira zosakhalitsa ndipo angayambitse kugona, kusowa kugwirizana ndi zotsatira zosafunika. Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse zoziziritsa kukhosi kumatha kuyambitsa kudalira. Majekeseni a poizoni wa botulinum kapena ultrasound yamphamvu kwambiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazifukwa zochizira.

Osadzipangira mankhwala. Tsatirani mosamalitsa malangizo a dokotala, musasinthe Mlingo womwe wawonetsedwa, kuti musawonjezere vutolo.

Ngati chithandizo chamankhwala sichikugwira ntchito, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira opaleshoni - kukondoweza kwakuya kwaubongo kapena kutulutsa ma radiofrequency. Ndi chiyani? Kukondoweza muubongo wakuya ndi njira yopangira opaleshoni yomwe chipangizo cha pulsed chimayikidwa pansi pa khungu la chifuwa. Amapanga maelekitirodi, kuwatumiza ku thalamus (kapangidwe kaubongo kakang'ono komwe kamayambitsa kusuntha), ndipo potero amachotsa chivomezicho. Ma radiofrequency ablation amatenthetsa minyewa ya thalamic, yomwe imayambitsa kugundana kwa minofu modzidzimutsa. Mitsempha imataya mphamvu yopanga zokopa kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Kuneneratu zachipatala

Kunjenjemera sikuyika moyo pachiwopsezo, koma kumatha kukhudza kwambiri moyo. Zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku, monga kutsuka mbale, kudya, kutaipa, zimayambitsa zovuta kapena zosatheka. Kuwonjezera apo, kunjenjemera kumalepheretsa kucheza ndi anthu komanso kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi. Munthu amakana kulankhulana, chizolowezi ntchito, pofuna kupewa zinthu zovuta, manyazi ndi zinthu zina.

The matenda matenda zimadalira muzu wa rhythmic contractions, zosiyanasiyana ndi munthu makhalidwe a chamoyo. Mwachitsanzo, mawonetseredwe a kugwedezeka kofunikira amatha kuwonjezeka ndi zaka. Kuphatikiza apo, pali umboni wosonyeza kuti kunjenjemera kodziyimira pawokha kumalumikizidwa ndi chiwopsezo chowonjezereka chokhala ndi matenda ena a neurodegenerative (monga matenda a Alzheimer's). Kugwedezeka kwa thupi ndi mankhwala kumatha kuchiritsidwa mosavuta, kotero kuti matendawa ndi abwino kwa iwo, koma ndizovuta kwambiri kuchotsa zinthu zobadwa nazo. Chinthu chachikulu ndikufunsana ndi dokotala panthawi yake ndikuyamba chithandizo.