Tchuthi chothandiza chachilimwe: masewera 4 a neuro-developmental

Kodi mumagwira ntchito ndi mwana wanu m'chilimwe? Kapena mulole kuti apumule ndi kuiwala za maphunziro? Ndipo ngati mutero, ndiye chiyani komanso mochuluka bwanji? Mafunso ameneŵa nthaŵi zonse amabuka pamaso pa makolo a ana asukulu achichepere. Malangizo a neuropsychologist Evgeny Shvedovsky.

Katundu kapena ayi? Inde, nkhaniyi iyenera kuyankhidwa pazochitika zilizonse payekha. Koma kawirikawiri, ponena za ana asukulu za pulayimale, ndingalimbikitse kumamatira ku mfundo ziwiri zotsatirazi.

Tsatirani liwiro la kukula kwa mwana wanu

Ngati mwana wanu wamwamuna kapena wamkazi anali ndi katundu wambiri m'chaka cha sukulu ndipo amatsutsa modekha, ndiye kuti sikuli bwino kusiya maphunziro. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, mutha kupuma pang'ono, ndiyeno ndi bwino kupitiriza makalasi, mopanda mphamvu. Mfundo ndi yakuti ali ndi zaka 7-10 mwana amazindikira ntchito yatsopano yotsogolera - maphunziro.

Ana amaphunzira kuphunzira, amakulitsa luso lochita zinthu motsatira dongosolo, kuchita ntchito mopanda malire ndi maluso ena ambiri. Ndipo ndi osafunika kuti mwadzidzidzi kudula ndondomeko m'chilimwe. Yesetsani kumuthandiza nthawi zonse m'nyengo yachilimwe - powerenga, kulemba, mtundu wina wa ntchito zachitukuko. Basi kuti mwanayo asataye chizolowezi kuphunzira.

Sungani bwino pakati pa masewera ndi magawo ophunzirira

Pa msinkhu wa sukulu ya pulayimale, pali kukonzanso pakati pa masewera, odziwika kwa ana asukulu, zochitika ndi maphunziro. Koma masewerawa akadali omwe akutsogolera pakadali pano, choncho muloleni mwanayo azisewera momwe akufunira. Ndibwino kuti adziwe masewera atsopano m'chilimwe, makamaka masewera - onse amakulitsa luso la kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, zomwe zingathandize mwanayo kuphunzira bwino m'tsogolomu.

Pantchito yanga ndi ana, ndimagwiritsa ntchito masewera a neuropsychological kuchokera ku pulogalamu yowongolera sensory-motor ("Njira yosinthira ontogenesis" ndi AV Semenovich). Nawonso akhoza kuphatikizidwa mundandanda yanu yatchuthi. Pano pali zochitika zingapo za neuropsychological zomwe zidzabwera bwino, kulikonse kumene mwanayo akupumula - kumidzi kapena panyanja.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zosatopetsa kuti mupumule wothandiza:

1. Kusewera mpira wokhala ndi malamulo (mwachitsanzo, kuwomba m'manja)

Masewera a osewera atatu kapena kupitilira apo, makamaka ndi wamkulu mmodzi kapena awiri. Ophunzira amaima mozungulira ndikuponya mpirawo kudzera mumlengalenga kuchokera kwa wosewera mpira kupita kwa wina - mozungulira, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mpira waukulu poyamba. Ndiye, pamene mwanayo wadziwa kuponya ndi mpira waukulu, mukhoza kupita ku mpira wa tenisi. Choyamba, timafotokoza lamuloli: “Mmodzi wa akulu akawomba m’manja, timaponya mpira kumbali ina. Pamene mmodzi wa akuluakulu akuwomba kawiri, osewera amayamba kuponya mpira mwanjira ina - mwachitsanzo, pansi, osati kupyolera mumlengalenga. Masewerawa akhoza kukhala ovuta kwambiri mwa kusintha mayendedwe - mwachitsanzo, kufulumira, kuchepetsa - mukhoza kusuntha osewera onse mu bwalo nthawi imodzi, ndi zina zotero.

Pindulani. Masewerawa amakulitsa luso la kuwongolera machitidwe, omwe ndi chidwi, kuwongolera, kutsatira malangizo. Mwanayo amaphunzira kuchita mwaufulu, kudziletsa mwachidwi. Ndipo chofunika kwambiri, zimachitika mwamasewera, osangalatsa.

2. Masewera a zala "Makwerero"

Ndizothandiza kuphatikiza masewerawa ndi kuphunzira mavesi omwe mwina mwana wanu adafunsidwa patchuthi ndi mphunzitsi wa mabuku. Choyamba, phunzirani "kuthamanga" ndi zala zanu pa "makwerero" - lolani mwanayo kuganiza kuti cholozera ndi zala zapakati ziyenera kukwera masitepe kwinakwake, kuyambira ndi zala. Pamene mwanayo akhoza kuchita izi mosavuta ndi zala za manja onse awiri, kugwirizanitsa kuwerenga ndakatulo. Ntchito yayikulu ndikuwerenga ndakatulo osati mumayendedwe a masitepe pamakwerero. M'pofunika kuti zochita zimenezi si synchronized. Gawo lotsatira la masewera olimbitsa thupi - zala zimatsika masitepe.

Pindulani. Timapatsa ubongo wa mwanayo mphamvu yachidziwitso iwiri - kulankhula ndi galimoto. Madera osiyanasiyana a ubongo amakhudzidwa ndi ntchito nthawi imodzi - izi zimapanga mgwirizano wa interhemispheric ndi kuthekera kolamulira ndi kulamulira ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

3. Sewerani "Partisan"

Masewerawa adzakhala osangalatsa makamaka kwa anyamata. Ndi bwino kusewera mu chipinda pamphasa, kapena pa gombe ngati mwanayo ali omasuka kukwawa pa mchenga. Mutha kusewera nokha, koma ziwiri kapena zitatu ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. Fotokozerani mwanayo kuti ndi wogawanika, ndipo ntchito yake ndi kupulumutsa mnzake ku ukapolo. Ikani "wandende" kumapeto kwa chipinda - kungakhale chidole chilichonse. Panjira, mutha kukhazikitsa zopinga - tebulo, mipando, yomwe adzakwawa.

Koma vuto ndiloti wogawanika amaloledwa kukwawa mwapadera - pokhapokha ndi dzanja lake lamanja - ndi phazi lake lamanja kapena lamanzere - ndi phazi lake lamanzere. Timaponyera kutsogolo mwendo ndi mkono wakumanja, nthawi yomweyo timakankhira nawo ndikukwawa kutsogolo. Simungathe kukweza zigongono zanu, apo ayi wolowerera apezeka. Nthawi zambiri ana amachikonda. Ngati ana angapo akusewera, amayamba kupikisana, kuyesera kuti adutse wina ndi mzake, kuonetsetsa kuti aliyense amatsatira malamulo.

Pindulani. masewerawa komanso kuphunzitsa volitional lamulo, chifukwa mwanayo ayenera kusunga angapo ntchito pamutu pake pa nthawi yomweyo. Kuphatikiza apo, amakulitsa chidziwitso cha thupi lake, kuzindikira malire ake. Kukwawa m'njira yachilendo, mwanayo amaganizira za kuyenda kulikonse. Ndipo masewerawa amakhalanso ogwirizana ndi maso: mwanayo amawona zomwe akuchita komanso kumene akuchita. Izi zimakhudza luso la kuphunzira. Mwachitsanzo, imathandizira ntchito yojambula kuchokera pa bolodi - popanda "kuwonera" zilembo ndi manambala.

4. Kujambula ndi manja awiri "Zinsinsi", "Smiles"

Kuti mumalize ntchitoyi, mufunika cholembera/choko ndi zolembera zokha kapena makrayoni. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito timapepala ta Ufumuyo ofukula pamwamba, ndi sera makrayoni. Choyamba, munthu wamkulu amagawa bolodi mu magawo awiri ofanana, kenako amajambula ma arcs ofananira pagawo lililonse - zitsanzo za mwana.

Ntchito ya mwanayo ndi yoyamba ndi lamanja, ndiye ndi dzanja lamanzere jambulani arc pamwamba pa chithunzi cha wamkulu, choyamba kumbali imodzi, kenako ina, popanda kuchotsa manja ake, maulendo 10 okha (kuyenda kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere). - kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja). Ndikofunikira kuti tikwaniritse "mphenje" yaying'ono. Mzere wa mwanayo ndi wamkulu uyenera kufanana momwe zingathere. Kenaka chitsanzo china chikujambula kumbali zonse ziwiri ndipo mwanayo amajambula - "amachititsa" ndi manja onse mofanana.

Palibe chifukwa chopitirizira kuchita izi tsiku lililonse - kokwanira kamodzi kapena kawiri pa sabata, osatinso.

Za katswiri

Evgeny Shvedovsky - neuropsychologist, wogwira ntchito ku Center for Health and Development. St. Luke, wofufuza wamkulu wa Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Scientific Center for Mental Health".

Siyani Mumakonda