Mtsempha wamagazi (mtsempha wamagazi, wochokera ku Latin arteria, kuchokera ku Greek artêria, vertebra, kuchokera ku Latin vertebra, kuchokera ku vertere) umatsimikizira kuperekedwa kwa magazi okosijeni ku ubongo.

malo. Awiri mu chiwerengero, kumanzere ndi kumanja vertebral mitsempha ili pakhosi ndi mutu.

kukula. Mitsempha ya msana imakhala ndi ma caliber a 3 mpaka 4 mm. Nthawi zambiri amapereka asymmetry: mtsempha wakumanzere wa vertebral nthawi zambiri umakhala wokulirapo kuposa mtsempha wakumanja wa vertebral. (1)

Origin. Mtsempha wamagazi umachokera kumtunda kwa thunthu la mtsempha wa subclavia, ndipo umapanga nthambi yoyamba yolumikizirana yomalizayo. (1)

Njira. Mtsempha wa vertebral umayenda m'khosi kuti ugwirizane ndi mutu. Amabwereka ngalande yodutsa, yopangidwa ndi kutukuka kwa vertebrae ya khomo lachiberekero. Ikafika pamlingo wa vertebra yoyamba ya khomo lachiberekero, imawoloka foramen magnum, kapena occipital foramen, kuti igwirizane ndi gawo lakumbuyo la ubongo. (2)

Kutha. Mitsempha iwiri ya vertebral imapezeka pamtunda wa ubongo, ndipo makamaka pa mlingo wa groove pakati pa mlatho ndi medulla oblongata. Amalumikizana kuti apange mtsempha wa basilar kapena thunthu. (2)

Nthambi za mtsempha wa vertebral. Panjira yake, mtsempha wa vertebral umapangitsa nthambi zambiri kapena zosafunikira. Timasiyanitsa makamaka (3):

• Nthambi za dorso-spinal, zomwe zimatuluka pamtunda wa vertebrae ya khomo lachiberekero;
• Mitsempha yapambuyo ndi yapambuyo ya msana, yomwe imachokera ku gawo la intracranial.

ulimi wothirira. Mitsempha ya vertebral ndiye thunthu la basilar limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga mitsempha yamagulu osiyanasiyana a ubongo.

Kutupa kwa mtsempha wa vertebral ndi matenda omwe amafanana ndi maonekedwe ndi kukula kwa hematomas mkati mwa mitsempha ya vertebral. Malingana ndi malo a hematomas awa, mlingo wa mtsempha ukhoza kuchepetsedwa kapena kusungunuka.

• Ngati caliber ya mtsempha wa vertebral yafupika, imatha kutsekedwa. Izi zimabweretsa kuchepa kapena kuyimitsa kwa vascularization, ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa kuukira kwa ischemic.
• Ngati caliber ya vertebral mtsempha wamagazi itayika, imatha kupondaponda zoyandikana nazo. Nthawi zina, khoma la mtsempha wamagazi limatha kung'ambika ndikuyambitsa ngozi yotaya magazi. Kuukira kwa ischemic ndi hemorrhagic izi kumapanga ngozi zaubongo. (4) (5)
• Thrombosis. Matendawa amafanana ndi mapangidwe a magazi mumtsempha wamagazi. Matendawa akakhudza mtsempha wamagazi, amatchedwa arterial thrombosis. (5)

Arterial hypertension. Matendawa amafanana ndi kuthamanga kwambiri kwa magazi kumakoma a mitsempha, zomwe zimachitika makamaka pamlingo wa chikazi. Ikhoza kuonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a mitsempha. (6)

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Malinga ndi matenda omwe apezeka, mankhwala ena akhoza kuperekedwa kuti achepetse kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Kuphulika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakamenyedwa, chithandizo ichi chimakhala kuthyola thrombi, kapena kuundana kwamagazi, mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala. (5)

Chithandizo cha opaleshoni. Kutengera ndi matenda omwe amapezeka ndi kusintha kwake, kuchitidwa opaleshoni kungakhale kofunikira.

Kufufuza mwakuthupi. Choyamba, kuyezetsa kuchipatala kumachitika kuti adziwe ndikuwunika zowawa zomwe wodwala akumva.

Mayeso azachipatala. Pofuna kutsimikizira kapena kuzama matenda, X-ray, CT, CT angiography ndi arteriography mayeso akhoza kuchitidwa.

• Doppler akupanga. Ultrasound yeniyeniyi imapangitsa kuti magazi aziyenda bwino.

Mtsempha wamagazi umakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma anatomical, makamaka poyambira. Nthawi zambiri zimachokera kumtunda kwa thunthu la mtsempha wa subclavia, koma zimachitika kuti zimayambira pansi pamtsinje kuti zikhale nthambi yachiwiri ya mtsempha wa subclavia, pambuyo pa thunthu la thyrocervical. Ikhozanso kuwuka kumtunda. Mwachitsanzo, mtsempha wakumanzere wa vertebral umachokera ku aortic arch mu 5% ya anthu. (1) (2)