Chifukwa chiyani ana amakhala odekha ndi COVID-19? Asayansi apeza chitsogozo chofunikira

Chifukwa chiyani ana akuwoneka kuti akuchita bwino ndi COVID-19 kuposa akulu? Funsoli madotolo ndi asayansi akhala akudzifunsa pafupifupi kuyambira chiyambi cha mliri wa coronavirus. Ofufuza pa yunivesite ya Stanford ku US angolengeza kumene kuti apeza yankho lotheka. Zomwe anapezazo zinasindikizidwa ndi magazini yotchuka ya sayansi "Sayansi".

1. Ana azaka zonse amatha kutenga COVID-19, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zofooka kapena alibe
2. Phunziro: magazi otengedwa kuchokera kwa ana mliriwu usanachitike anali ndi ma B cell ochulukirapo omwe amatha kumangirira ku SARS-CoV-2 kuposa magazi achikulire. Izi zidachitika ngakhale kuti anawo anali asanakumane ndi coronavirus
3. Ofufuza akuganiza kuti kuwonekeratu kwa coronavirus yamunthu (yomwe imayambitsa chimfine) kungayambitse chitetezo chamthupi, ndikuti mitundu iyi ya machitidwe a clonal imatha kukhala ndi ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri paubwana.
4. Zambiri za coronavirus zitha kupezeka patsamba lanyumba la TvoiLokony

COVID-19 mwa ana. Ambiri amadwala matenda a coronavirus pang'ono

Kale kumayambiriro kwa mliri wa SARS-CoV-2, zidadziwika kuti ana anali ndi matenda ocheperako ndi coronavirus - zizindikiro za COVID-19 nthawi zambiri sizimakhalapo kapena zizindikiro zake zinali zofatsa.

Ndikoyenera kulozera apa pazambiri za milandu yowopsa ya COVID-19 pakati pa ana. - Ndizowona kuti anthu ambiri pagulu la ana ndi achinyamata amakhala ndi zizindikiro atatenga kachilombo ka SARS-CoV-2. Komabe, sizowona ndipo sindikuzindikira mchipatala changa kuti maphunziro oopsa a COVID-19 m'gulu lazaka lino akukula mwachangu - atero Prof. Magdalena Marczyńska, katswiri wa matenda opatsirana mwa ana. Dokotala adatsimikiza kuti ana ambiri akadali ndi kachilombo ka SARS-CoV-2 pang'ono.

Chipatala chodziwika bwino cha Mayo chikulozeranso izi pamalankhulidwe ake (bungwe limachita kafukufuku ndi zochitika zachipatala, komanso chisamaliro chophatikizidwa cha odwala). Monga amanenera mayoclinic.org, ana azaka zonse amatha kukhala ndi COVID-19, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zofooka kapena alibe.

1. Kodi ana amapeza bwanji COVID-19 ndipo zizindikiro zawo ndi zotani?

N’chifukwa chiyani zimenezi zikuchitika? Asayansi akhala akuyesera kuti atulutse chinsinsicho pafupifupi kuyambira chiyambi cha mliriwu. Kufotokozera kotheka kunapezedwa ndi asayansi ochokera ku American Stanford University. Adalengezedwa pa Epulo 12 mu Science, imodzi mwazolemba zodziwika bwino zasayansi. Olembawo akuwonetsa kuti maphunzirowa akadali koyambirira, koma atha kufotokoza chifukwa chake ana ali ndi kusintha kochepa kwa COVID-19.

Chifukwa Chiyani Ana Amakhala Bwino Ndi COVID-19?

Pofufuza yankho la funso limene lili pamwambali, asayansi anaika maganizo ake pa chitetezo cha m’thupi. Ndipo, m'malo mwake, adapeza chinthu chomwe chitha kukhala ndi udindo (mwina gawo) panjira yopepuka ya COVID-19 mwa ana. Koma kuyambira pachiyambi.

Chitetezo cha mthupi chimaphatikizapo: maselo monga B lymphocytes (amazindikira "mdani", amapanga ma antibodies), T lymphocytes (kuzindikira ndi kuwononga maselo omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV) ndi macrophages (kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi maselo ena akunja). Komabe, asayansi amanena kuti izi sizikutanthauza kuti tonsefe tili ndi maselo ofanana a chitetezo cha mthupi. «B ma lymphocyte ali ndi udindo wokumbukira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe matupi athu adakumana nawo kale, kotero akhoza kukuchenjezani ngati atawapezanso. Malingana ndi matenda omwe takhala nawo kale komanso momwe ma receptor omwe amasungira izi >> kukumbukira << kusintha ndi kusintha, aliyense wa ife ali ndi zosiyana >> zosiyanasiyana << za maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi "- asayansi akufotokoza.

1. Lymphocytes - gawo m'thupi komanso kupatuka kuchokera ku zomwe zimachitika m'chizoloŵezi [KUFOTOKOZA]

Kumbukirani kuti ntchito yolandirira imachitidwa ndi ma antibodies (immunoglobulins) omwe amapezeka pamwamba pa B lymphocyte. Amatha kumangirira ku antigen / tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (antibody iliyonse imazindikira antigen imodzi), zomwe zimayambitsa chitetezo chamthupi polimbana nazo (zotsatira zingapo zodzitetezera).

Poganizira zonsezi, ofufuza a pa yunivesite ya Stanford anaunika momwe maselo oteteza thupi amasiyanirana ndi munthu, komanso momwe angasinthire moyo wa munthu. Adapeza kuti magazi omwe adatengedwa kuchokera kwa ana mliriwu usanachitike anali ndi ma B cell ochulukirapo omwe amatha kumangirira ku SARS-CoV-2 kuposa m'magazi a akulu. Izi zidachitika ngakhale kuti anawo anali asanakumane ndi kachilomboka. Zitheka bwanji?

COVID-19 mwa ana. Kodi chitetezo chawo cha mthupi chimagwira ntchito bwanji?

Ofufuzawo akufotokoza kuti zolandilira zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa zimamangidwa pa 'msana' womwewo womwe umadziwika kuti ma immunoglobulin sequences. Komabe, amatha kusintha kapena kusintha, ndikupanga ma receptor osiyanasiyana omwe amatha kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe thupi silinachitepo. Timakhudza apa lingaliro la otchedwa cross resistance. Chifukwa cha kukumbukira ma lymphocyte, chitetezo cha mthupi chimakhala chofulumira komanso champhamvu mukakumananso ndi antigen. Ngati kuyankha koteroko kumachitika pakakhala matenda omwe ali ndi kachilombo kofananira, ndiye kuti kukana.

M'malo mwake, asayansi atayang'ana ma B-cell receptors mwa ana, adapeza kuti, poyerekeza ndi akulu, anali ndi 'maclones' ambiri omwe amalimbana ndi ma virus ndi mabakiteriya omwe adakumana nawo kale. Ma cell B ochulukirapo adawonedwanso mwa ana, ndipo amatha 'kusintha' kuti akhale ogwira mtima motsutsana ndi SARS-CoV-2 osakumana nawo.

Malinga ndi ofufuzawo, izi zitha kukhala chifukwa chakuti chitetezo chamthupi cha ana chimasamutsidwa bwino kumitundu yambiri ya ma antigen atakumana ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, koopsa kwambiri kuposa komwe kamayambitsa mliri wapano (kumbukirani kuti ma coronavirus ndi omwe ali ndi vuto. pafupifupi 10-20 peresenti ya chimfine). "Tikuganiza kuti kuwonekeratu kwa coronavirus yamunthu kumatha kulimbikitsa chitetezo chamthupi komanso kuti mayankho otere amatha kukhala pafupipafupi paubwana," adamaliza ofufuzawo, akugogomezera kuti 'mayankho a chitetezo chamthupi mwa ana ndi ofunikira makamaka popeza amapanga dziwe lokumbukira. B lymphocytes, zomwe zimapanga mayankho a chitetezo cham'tsogolo cha thupi ».

Pomaliza, ofufuza ku yunivesite ya Stanford akuwonetsa kuti pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa ana kukhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa za COVID-19. Zomwe adapeza, komabe, zidavumbulutsa zina mwachinsinsi, ndikuwunikira kusinthasintha kwa ubwana wa B-cell ndi gawo lake pakuyankha kwa chitetezo cham'tsogolo.

Mungakonde kudziwa:

1. Ana ambiri amakhala ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri ya COVID-19. Chizindikiro chimodzi ndi chochititsa chidwi kwambiri
2. COVID-19 imatha kuyambitsa zovuta za chithokomiro
3. Amayi oyembekezera ochulukirachulukira amadwala. Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani mayi wapakati akadwala COVID-19?

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