Za chakudya cha oyika maliro
Mu 1863, m’bale wina wa ku England dzina lake William Bunting analemba kabuku kakuti, A Letter on Completeness to the Public. Ndipotu, ili ndilo buku loyamba la zakudya zopatsa thanzi, wolembayo adalankhula za zaka zambiri za kuyesa kopanda phindu kuti achepetse thupi - pa 60 adalemera 100 kg. Kupalasa mwachangu, kukwera pamahatchi, kusamba m’matope ndi njira zina zooneka ngati zogwira mtima zinangowonjezera chilakolako cha kudya. Njira yokhayo yothandiza inali zakudya zimene Dr. William Harvey analangiza Bunting, amene analangiza kuchotsa mkate, shuga, mbatata, batala, mkaka ndi moŵa m’zakudya, chifukwa “zokhutitsidwa ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi ndipo zimadzetsa kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kachakudya.” Kuonjezera apo, dokotalayo adakonza ndondomeko ya chakudya yomveka bwino yomwe palibe amene adachitapo kale. M'miyezi ingapo, woyika maliro adataya 30 kg pazakudya zotsika kwambiri, ndipo kope lake lamasamba 16 lidakhala logulitsidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Mtolankhani wa Science Harold McGee, wolemba On Food & Cooking: The Science & Lore of the Kitchen, imodzi mwamabuku khumi abwino kwambiri ophikira m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, amakhulupirira kuti zovuta zosatha zakuchepetsa thupi komanso kudya zakudya zinayamba ndi kabuku ka Bunting. Kuyambira pomwe anthu adazindikira kuti chakudya chimakhala ndi mafuta, mapuloteni ndi chakudya chamafuta, chilichonse mwazinthuzi chimanenedwa kuti chilibe thanzi ndipo chimachotsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Tikudziwa zopanda ma carbohydrate (ketogenic, paleolithic ndi zakudya Atkins), mafuta ochepa (DASH ndi Pritikin), komanso zakudya zopanda mapuloteni. Koma zoona zake n’zakuti palibe zakudya zimenezi zimene zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti n’zothandiza.
“Nditayamba kulemba za chakudya, ndinali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa zakudya ndi thanzi la munthu. Koma patatha zaka 10, ndinapeza kuti malingaliro onse a zakudya asintha! Pambuyo pake, ndinaganiza kuti sindidzachitanso izi, - Harold McGee adatiuza paulendo wake ku Moscow ku chikondwerero cha sayansi ya Twins Science. “Kupatula apo, asayansi sadziwa mokwanira za momwe thupi la munthu limagwirira ntchito, zomwe kwenikweni zimafunikira kuti lizigwira ntchito bwino, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, mafuta kapena chakudya chomwe tiyenera kudya, komanso momwe metabolism imasinthira masana. Malinga ndi asayansi, palibe amene angalimbikitse anthu kudya zakudya zinazake. ”
Za adani akuluakulu a anthu
Pakati pazaka zapitazi, mdani woyamba wa anthu adapezeka ku United States, ndipo sanali Soviet Union, koma ... mafuta! Analengezedwa kuti zakudya zamafuta zimayambitsa atherosulinosis ndi matenda amtima, ndipo mafuta omwe timadya kwambiri, m'pamenenso amadwala matendawa. Masiku ano, zaka 60 pambuyo pake, madokotala amazindikira kuti zakudya zopanda mafuta ambiri ndizopanda thanzi chifukwa zimakhala ndi shuga wambiri komanso zopatsa mphamvu. Koma ngakhale pano Harold McGee akulangiza kuti asapite patali ndi zoletsa: "Inde, shuga sayenera kudyedwa padera, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti muyenera kuchotseratu. Kaloti, malalanje, kapena maapulo ali ndi shuga wambiri, zomwe sizivulaza. Ponena za kuletsa kwamakono kwazakudya zina, tiyeni tiyang'ane Kum'mawa: ku China ndi Japan, chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu azaka XNUMX, ndipo zakudya zawo ndi chakudya cholimba komanso mapuloteni ochepa. “
Kuti ndife osiyana
Mu 2018, dokotala wa yunivesite ya Stanford, Christopher Gardner, adachita kafukufuku kuti adziwe kamodzi kokha - zomwe zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri: zakudya zopanda mafuta ambiri kapena zakudya zopanda chakudya? Kuyeseraku kunaphatikizapo odzipereka a 600 omwe adayikidwa mwachisawawa pamitundu iwiri ya zakudya. Zotsatira zake sizinali zolimbikitsa: ena anataya thupi, ndipo ena sanatero. Komanso, ena mwa anthu ongodziperekawo anatha kupeza bwino! Kuchokera apa, asayansi afika pomvetsa chisoni kuti zakudya zomwe zimathandiza munthu kuchepetsa thupi sizigwira ntchito konse kwa ena. Chirichonse ndi payekha.
Harold McGee akutsimikizira mfundo imeneyi kuti: “Thupi la munthu limagwirizana mosavuta ndi chilichonse: titha kukhala kumadera otentha ndi ku Arctic. Matupi athu amapangidwa kuti tizitha kusamalira chakudya chilichonse chomwe tingapeze. Zakudya zabwino kwambiri za munthu ndizosiyana: pali zinthu zambiri zosiyana, ndipo kotero kuti palibe chomwe chimakhala chochuluka kapena, m'malo mwake, chikusowa. Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi moyo wautali ndi thanzi labwino, muyenera kusamala osati zakudya zokha, komanso kuchuluka kwa masitepe omwe mumatenga tsiku ndi tsiku, matenda omwe makolo anu anali nawo, ndi zina zotero. Mwachitsanzo, Winston Churchill anamwalira ali ndi zaka 90, pamene ankasuta ndudu ndi kumwa kachasu tsiku lililonse ngati wamisala, ankakonda kudya ndiponso anali wonenepa kwambiri. Lingaliro la moyo wosangalala ndikusangalala ndi zomwe mumakonda. ”
Chikondwerero Chachiwiri Chapadziko Lonse Sayansi Yambiri, opangidwa ndi ophika Ivan ndi Sergei Berezutsky, unachitikira ku Moscow pa November 7 ndi 8. Mitu yayikulu ya chikondwererocho inali sayansi, maphunziro ndi kuphatikizidwa kwa matekinoloje apamwamba mu gastronomy yamakono ndi malo odyera. Maphunziro adaperekedwa ndi ophika odziwika komanso akatswiri ofufuza za gastronomy padziko lonse lapansi: wophika malo odyera a Maido Mitsuharu Tsumura, mtolankhani wa sayansi Bob Holmes, wophika wa Disfrutar restaurant Oriol Castro, wophika wa La Calandre restaurant Massimiliano Alaimo, wophika wa LESS restaurant ndi Hertog Jan Gert de Kusowa, Rijks restaurant chef Joris Beydendijk, mtolankhani wa sayansi Harold McGee, mtolankhani wa gastronomic Anna Kukulina, wophika malo odyera ku Savva Andrey Shmakov. Khomo la zokambirana linali laulere, kotero kuti aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwa chuma chakuthupi, atha kuphunzira kuchokera kwa ophika odziwika bwino ndi asayansi.