10 milatho yotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi

Mlathowu ndi wodabwitsa kwambiri. Munthu wakhala akufuna kufufuza madera osadziwika, ndipo ngakhale mitsinje sinakhale chopinga kwa iye - adapanga milatho.

Poyamba inali nyumba yakale yomwe inathandiza kugonjetsa mitsinje yopapatiza yokha. Komabe, ndi chitukuko cha sayansi, njira zomwe zinapangidwira zinakhala zovuta kwambiri. Mlathowu wakhala ntchito yeniyeni yaluso komanso chozizwitsa cha uinjiniya, kukulolani kuti muthane ndi mtunda wautali kwambiri.

10 Vasco da Gama Bridge (Lisbon, Portugal)

Kapangidwe kameneka ndi mlatho wautali kwambiri wokhala ndi chingwe ku Europe, wokhala ndi kutalika kwa mamitala 17. Dzinali limachokera ku mfundo yakuti "kutsegulira" kwa mlathowo kunkagwirizana ndi zaka 500 za kutsegulidwa kwa njira ya ku Ulaya yopita ku India.

Mlatho wa Vasco da Gama umaganiziridwa bwino. Popanga izo, akatswiri amaganizira za kuthekera kwa nyengo yoipa, zivomezi mpaka mfundo 9, kupindika kwa pansi pa Mtsinje wa Tagus komanso mawonekedwe ozungulira a Dziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito yomangayi sikuphwanya momwe chilengedwe chilili mumzindawu.

Panthawi yomanga mlatho m'mphepete mwa nyanja, chiyero cha chilengedwe chinasungidwa. Ngakhale kuwala kochokera kuzinthu zounikirako kumakonzedwa kuti kusagwere pamadzi, motero kusasokoneza chilengedwe chomwe chilipo.

9. Old Bridge (Mostar, Bosnia ndi Herzegovina)

M'zaka za zana la 15, tawuni ya Mostar ya Ufumu wa Ottoman idagawidwa m'mabanki a 2, olumikizidwa ndi mlatho woyimitsidwa womwe ukugwedezeka ndi mphepo. Panthawi ya chitukuko cha mzindawo, kunali koyenera kukhazikitsa mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa nsanja ziwiri, zolekanitsidwa ndi mtsinje wa Neretva. Kenako anthu okhalamo anapempha thandizo kwa Sultan.

Zinatenga zaka 9 kuti amange Old Bridge. Katswiri wa zomangamanga anakonza nyumbayo kuti ikhale yopyapyala kwambiri moti anthu ankaopa ngakhale kukwera. Malinga ndi nthano, wopanga polojekitiyo adakhala pansi pa mlatho kwa masiku atatu usana ndi usiku kuti atsimikizire kudalirika kwake.

Mu 1993, panthawi ya nkhondo, Old Bridge inawonongedwa ndi zigawenga za ku Croatia. Chochitikachi chinadabwitsa anthu onse padziko lapansi. Mu 2004, nyumbayi inamangidwanso. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kunali koyenera pindani zidutswa zakale kwa wina ndi mzake, ndikupera midadada pamanja, monga kale.

8. Harbor Bridge (Sydney, Australia)

Mlatho wa Harbor, kapena, monga momwe aku Australia amachitcha, "hanger", ndi imodzi mwa milatho yayitali kwambiri padziko lapansi - 1149 m. Zapangidwa ndi chitsulo, pali ma rivets mamiliyoni asanu ndi limodzi m'menemo okha. Mlatho wa Harbour wawononga kwambiri Australia. Madalaivala amalipira $2 kuti ayendetse pa izo. Ndalamazi zimapita kukonza mlatho.

Madzulo a Chaka Chatsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazowonetsa zochititsa chidwi za pyrotechnic. Koma chinthucho ndi chosangalatsa osati m'nyengo yozizira - nthawi yonseyi pali maulendo oyendera alendo panyumbayo. Kuyambira ali ndi zaka 10, anthu amatha kukwera pamwamba ndikuyang'ana ku Sydney kuchokera pamwamba. Ndizotetezeka kwathunthu ndipo zimachitika moyang'aniridwa ndi mlangizi.

7. Rialto Bridge (Venice, Italy)

Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za Venice. M'malo mwake, kuyambira zaka za zana la 12, ndime zamatabwa zamangidwa, koma zinawonongedwa chifukwa cha zotsatira za madzi kapena moto. M'zaka za zana la 15, adaganiza "kukumbukira" kuwoloka kotsatira. Michelangelo mwiniwake anapereka zojambula zake za mlatho watsopano, koma sanavomerezedwe.

Mwa njira, m'mbiri yonse ya Rialto Bridge, idagulitsidwa nthawi zonse. Ndipo lero pali masitolo oposa 20 a chikumbutso. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, ngakhale Shakespeare anatchula Rialto mu The Merchant of Venice.

6. Chain Bridge (Budapest, Hungary)

Mlatho uwu pamtsinje wa Danube unagwirizanitsa mizinda iwiri - Buda ndi Pest. Panthawi ina, mapangidwe ake ankaonedwa ngati chozizwitsa cha uinjiniya, ndipo kutalika kwake kunali chimodzi mwa zazitali kwambiri padziko lapansi. Womanga nyumbayo anali Mngelezi William Clark.

Chochititsa chidwi n’chakuti mlathowu uli wokongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli zosonyeza mikango. Ndendende ziboliboli zofanana, koma zazikulu, ndiye ku UK.

5. Charles Bridge (Prague, Czech Republic)

Ichi ndiye chizindikiro cha Czech Republic, chodzaza ndi nthano ndi miyambo yambiri, imodzi mwamilatho yokongola kwambiri yamwala padziko lapansi.

Kamodzi ankaona kuti ndi imodzi mwa yaitali kwambiri - 515 mamita. Kupezekaku kudachitika pansi pa Charles IV pa Julayi 9, 1357 nthawi ya 5:31. Tsikuli linasankhidwa ndi akatswiri a zakuthambo ngati chizindikiro chabwino.

Charles Bridge wazunguliridwa ndi nsanja za Gothic ndipo amakongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli 30 za oyera mtima. Old Town Tower, kumene mlathowu umatsogolera, ndi imodzi mwa nyumba zodziwika bwino za Chigothic.

4. Brooklyn Bridge (New York, USA)

Chimodzi mwa malo otchuka kwambiri ku New York komanso mlatho wakale kwambiri woyimitsidwa ku United States. Kutalika kwake ndi 1828 m. Panthawiyo, pulojekiti ya Brooklyn Bridge yomwe John Roebling anakonza inali yaikulu.

Ntchito yomangayi inatsagana ndi anthu ovulala. Yohane ndiye anali woyamba kufa. Banja lonse linapitiliza bizinesiyo. Ntchito yomangayi inatenga zaka 13 ndi madola 15 miliyoni. Mayina a mamembala a banja la Roebling sanafalitsidwe panyumbayo chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro chawo chosagwedezeka ndi kupirira.

3. Tower Bridge (London, UK)

Ndi chizindikiro chodziwika cha Great Britain. Amakumbukiridwa nthawi zonse akafika ku London. Mulinso nsanja ziwiri za kalembedwe ka Gothic ndi malo owonetsera owonera omwe akuzilumikiza. Mlathowu uli ndi mapangidwe osangalatsa - onse akulendewera ndi drawbridge. Komanso, poweta, malo owonetserako alendo odzaona malo amakhalabe m'malo mwake, ndipo omvera akupitirizabe kuyamikira malo ozungulira.

2. Ponte Vecchio (Florence, Italy)

Potanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chitaliyana, Ponte Vecchio amatanthauza "Mlatho Wakale". Ndi yakale kwambiri: idamangidwa pakati pa zaka za zana la 14. Komabe, Vecchiu akadali "moyo": akugulitsidwabe mwachangu.

Mpaka zaka za m'ma 16, nyama inkagulitsidwa ku Ponte Vecchio, choncho nthawi zonse pamakhala magalimoto ambiri kuno. Akuti mfumuyi inkangomvetsera zokambilana za anthu pamene inkadutsa m’khonde la kumtunda kwa nyumbayo. Masiku ano, mlathowu umatchedwa “golide” chifukwa malo ogulitsira nyama asinthidwa ndi zodzikongoletsera.

1. Golden Gate Bridge (San Francisco, USA)

Mlatho woyimitsidwa uwu ndi chizindikiro cha San Francisco. Kutalika kwake ndi 1970 metres. M’kati mwa Gold Rush, mabwato odzaza anthu ananyamuka kupita ku San Francisco, ndiyeno panabuka kufunika kopanga njira yodutsamo bwinobwino.

Kumanga kunali kovuta: zivomezi zinkachitika kawirikawiri, chifunga nthawi ndi nthawi chinaima, mafunde othamanga m'nyanja ndi mphepo yamkuntho inasokoneza ntchito.

Kutsegula kwa Chipata Chagolide kunali kochititsa chidwi: kuyenda kwa magalimoto kunayimitsidwa, m'malo mwake oyenda pansi 300 adadutsa mlathowo.

Ngakhale nyengo ndi nyengo ndi zivomezi, nyumbayo inapirira zonse ndipo idakalipobe: mu 1989, Golden Gate inapulumuka ngakhale chivomezi cha 7,1.