Za kuletsa mowa, kuledzera ndi zotsatira zake: Mafunso 10 okhudza antidepressants

Antidepressants ndi amodzi mwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pali lingaliro lakuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi kuvutika maganizo, koma gulu ili la mankhwala limathandiza ndi matenda osiyanasiyana: nkhawa-phobic matenda, mantha, matenda opweteka a m'mimba, kupweteka kosalekeza ndi migraines.

Ndi chiyani chinanso chofunikira kudziwa za iwo? Akatswiri amati. 

Alina Evdokimova, katswiri wa zamaganizo:

1. Kodi mankhwala ochepetsa kuvutika maganizo anayamba bwanji ndipo liti?

Mu 1951, mayesero azachipatala a mankhwala oletsa chifuwa chachikulu anachitika ku New York. Ofufuza posakhalitsa anazindikira kuti odwala amene amamwa mankhwalawa anayamba kumva kudzutsidwa pang’ono ndi mphamvu zambiri, ndipo ena a iwo anayamba kusokoneza mtendere.

Mu 1952, katswiri wa zamaganizo wa ku France Jean Delay adanena za mphamvu za mankhwalawa pochiza kuvutika maganizo. Kafukufukuyu adabwerezedwanso ndi akatswiri amisala aku America - ndiye mu 1953 pomwe Max Lurie ndi Harry Salzer adatcha mankhwalawa "antidepressants".

2. Kodi mankhwala ochepetsa kuvutika maganizo a nthawi yatsopano amasiyana ndi anzawo akale?

Iwo yodziwika ndi zochepa zotsatira ndi mkulu dzuwa mitengo. New antidepressants amachita pa zolandilira za ubongo «zambiri chandamale», zochita zawo ndi kusankha. Kuphatikiza apo, antidepressants ambiri atsopano samangogwiritsa ntchito serotonin receptors, komanso norepinephrine ndi dopamine receptors.

3. N’chifukwa chiyani mankhwala ochepetsa kuvutika maganizo amakhala ndi zotsatirapo zambiri chonchi?

Ndipotu, ndi nthano chabe kuti alipo ambiri. Ma antidepressants ali ndi zotsatira zoyipa zambiri monga analgin yodziwika bwino.

Zotsatira zoyipa za antidepressants ndi chifukwa cha momwe zimakhudzira kuchuluka kwa serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, komanso pa histamine receptors, adrenoreceptors ndi cholinergic receptors mu ubongo. Ndiroleni ndikupatseni chitsanzo chomwe ndimakonda chokhudza serotonin. Aliyense amaganiza kuti hormone iyi ili mu ubongo. Koma kwenikweni, 5% yokha ya serotonin yonse ya thupi ili mu ubongo! Amapezeka makamaka m'maselo ena a mitsempha ya m'mimba, m'mapulateleti, m'maselo ena a chitetezo cha mthupi.

Mwachibadwa, mukamamwa mankhwala oletsa kupsinjika maganizo, zomwe zili mu serotonin zimawonjezeka osati mu ubongo, komanso m'thupi lonse. Chifukwa chake, m'masiku oyamba akuloledwa, nseru ndi kusapeza m'mimba zimatheka. Komanso, serotonin sikuti imangoyang'ana momwe zimakhalira komanso kukana kwa dongosolo lamanjenje kuzinthu zakunja, komanso ndi neurotransmitter yoletsa, chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, zotsatira zoyipa mwanjira ya kuchepa kwa libido.

Nthawi zambiri zimatenga pafupifupi sabata imodzi kuti thupi lizigwirizana ndi zomwe zasinthidwa serotonin.

4. Kodi n'zotheka kukhala osokoneza bongo?

Zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kusuta zimakhala ndi zinthu zingapo:

• chilakolako chosalamulirika cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo

• kukula kwa kulolerana kwa chinthu (kuchuluka kwa mlingo kumafunika kuti mupeze zotsatira),

• kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro za kusiya (kusiya, kukomoka).

Zonsezi si khalidwe la antidepressants. Iwo samayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa maganizo, sasintha chidziwitso, kuganiza. Komabe, nthawi zambiri njira ya chithandizo ndi antidepressants ndi yayitali kwambiri, choncho, ngati chithandizo chasokonezedwa pasadakhale, zizindikiro zowawa zimatha kubwereranso. Nthawi zambiri ndichifukwa chake anthu wamba amakhulupirira kuti antidepressants ndi osokoneza bongo.

Anastasia Ermilova, katswiri wa zamaganizo:

5. Kodi mankhwala ochepetsa kuvutika maganizo amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Pali magulu angapo a antidepressants. Mfundo za ntchito yawo zimachokera ku kayendetsedwe ka ubongo wa neurotransmitters - mwachitsanzo, serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine.

Choncho, ambiri «otchuka» gulu la antidepressants - SSRIs (zosankha serotonin reuptake inhibitors) - kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa serotonin mu synaptic kupasuka. Pa nthawi yomweyo, antidepressants kumathandiza kuti yosalala normalization wa maganizo maziko, koma osati chifukwa euphoria.

Njira yachiwiri yofunika yochitirapo kanthu ndikuyambitsa zinthu zakukula kwa neuronal. Ma antidepressants amathandizira kupanga kulumikizana kwatsopano muubongo, koma izi zimachitika pang'onopang'ono - ndichifukwa chake nthawi yakumwa mankhwalawa.

6. Kodi mankhwala ochepetsa kupsinjika maganizo amachiritsadi kapena amangogwira ntchito pakanthawi kochepa chabe?

The antidepressant zotsatira zimachitika kokha 2-4 milungu chikuonetseratu ndi bwino kukhazikika maganizo. Kuchiza kwa gawo loyamba la matendawa kumachitika mpaka zizindikirozo zitatha, ndiye kuti kubwereranso kumaletsedwa kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi - ndiko kuti, kupangidwa kwa ma neural omwe "amadziwa momwe angakhalire opanda kukhumudwa ndi nkhawa."

Ndi kukhumudwa mobwerezabwereza, nthawi ya chithandizo imatha kuwonjezeka, koma osati chifukwa cha kudalira kwa antidepressant, koma chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a matendawa, kuopsa kwa kuyambiranso komanso kufunikira kwa kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali " ndodo” kuti achire.

Kumapeto kwa njira ya chithandizo, dokotala pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa mlingo wa antidepressant kupewa achire syndrome ndi kulola biochemical njira mu ubongo azolowere kusowa kwa «ndodo». Chifukwa chake, ngati simusiya chithandizo pasadakhale, ndiye kuti simudzafunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito antidepressants.

7. Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mumwa mowa pamene mukumwa mankhwala ochepetsa kupsinjika maganizo?

Choyamba, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mowa ali ndi zotsatira zosiyana, ndicho «depressive». M'malangizo a antidepressants onse, tikulimbikitsidwa kusiya mowa chifukwa chosowa deta yodalirika yokhudzana ndi zinthuzi.

M'mawu osavuta: palibe amene angakupatseni yankho komanso zitsimikizo zilizonse pafunso lakuti "kodi ndizotheka kukhala ndi galasi la vinyo patchuthi?" Zitha kukhala zoyipa kwambiri kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi kapu yavinyo komanso kumwa pang'ono kwa antidepressants, ndipo wina amamwa mowa kwambiri panthawi ya chithandizo ali ndi malingaliro "mwina adzanyamula nthawi ino" - ndipo amanyamula (koma izi osati zolondola).

Kodi zotsatira zake zingakhale zotani? Kuthamanga kwamphamvu, kuchuluka kwa zotsatira zoyipa, kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo. Chifukwa chake ndibwino kusewera motetezeka!

Oleg Olshansky, katswiri wa zamaganizo:

8. Kodi mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo angavulaze kwenikweni?

Ndikadasintha mawu oti "bweretsa" kuti "kuyitana". Inde, iwo akhoza - pambuyo pa zonse, pali mavuto ndi contraindications. Ma antidepressants amaperekedwa pazifukwa zabwino komanso zomveka. Ndipo izi zimachitidwa ndi dokotala yemwe ali ndi udindo pa thanzi la wodwalayo: zonse zalamulo ndi zamakhalidwe.

Sindingatchule zomwe zingayambitsidwe ndikumwa mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa - ingotsegulani malangizowo ndikuwerenga mosamala. Zidzalembedwanso pamenepo kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi izi kapena zoyipazo ndipo pazifukwa zomwe sizingatheke kuwatenga.

Chofunika kwambiri popereka chithandizo cha AD ndikuwunika bwino momwe munthu alili. Mankhwala aliwonse akhoza kuvulaza. Kulekerera kwa munthu payekha, ubwino wa mankhwalawo komanso matenda odziwika bwino amathandizira pano.

9. N’chifukwa chiyani mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo amaperekedwa osati chifukwa cha kuvutika maganizo kokha, komanso matenda ena a m’maganizo?

Pali malingaliro angapo okhudza zomwe zimayambitsa kuvutika maganizo. Wotchuka kwambiri wa iwo zachokera chakuti munthu akusowa monoamines (neurotransmitters) - serotonin, dopamine ndi norepinephrine. Koma dongosolo lomwelo la monoamines limathandizira pakukula kwa zovuta zina.

10. Kodi mungamwe mankhwala ochepetsa kupsinjika maganizo ngati mulibe kupsinjika maganizo, koma nthawi yovuta m'moyo wanu?

Zimatengera kuti “nthawi yovuta” imeneyi yabweretsa munthu pati. Zonse zimadalira mmene akumvera. Ndiyeno dokotala amabwera kudzapulumutsa, yemwe angayang'ane ndikuwunika momwe wodwalayo alili. Nthawi yovuta imatha kukwera ndikutsika mpaka "pansi" kwambiri. Ndipo mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo angakuthandizeni kusambira. Komabe, awa si mapiritsi amatsenga. Kusintha moyo wanu sikophweka nthawi zonse. Mulimonsemo, simuyenera kudzifufuza nokha.