Kusamvana (chidule)

Kusamvana (chidule)

Matenda a chifuwa: ndi chiyani?

Matupi, amatchedwanso hypersensitivity, ndikuchita kwachilendo kwa chitetezo chamthupi polimbana ndi zinthu zachilendo m'thupi (ma allergener), koma osavulaza. Zitha kuwoneka m'madera osiyanasiyana a thupi: pakhungu, m'maso, m'mimba kapena m'mapapo. Mitundu yazizindikiro ndi kulimba kwake kumasiyana kutengera komwe ziwengo zimayambira, ndi zina zingapo zomwe zimakhala zapadera kwa munthu aliyense. Zitha kukhala zosawoneka bwino, monga mawonekedwe ofiira pakhungu, kapena kupha, monga kugwedezeka. anaphylactic.

Mitundu yayikulu ya mawonetseredwe amthupi ndi awa:

  • ziwengo zakudya;
  • mphumu, osachepera mu imodzi mwa mitundu yake, matupi awo sagwirizana mphumu;
  • atopic chikanga;
  • matupi awo sagwirizana rhinitis;
  • mitundu ina ya urticaria;
  • anaphylaxis.

Anthu omwe amadana ndi chinthu chimodzi chokha sakhala ndi matupi awo. Matupi awo sagwirizana amatha kudziwonetsera okha m'njira zingapo mwa munthu yemweyo; Matupi awo sagwirizana rhinitis asonyeza kuti ali pachiwopsezo cha chitukuko cha mphumu15. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo chochotsa mungu pochiza chimfine nthawi zina chimatha kupewa matenda a mphumu omwe amayamba chifukwa chokumana ndi mungu.1.

The thupi lawo siligwirizana

Nthawi zambiri, matupi awo sagwirizana amafuna 2 kukhudzana ndi allergen.

  • Kuzindikira. Nthawi yoyamba yomwe allergen imalowa m'thupi, kudzera khungu kapena ndi mucous membranes (maso, kupuma kapena kugaya chakudya), chitetezo cha mthupi chimazindikiritsa chinthu chachilendo kukhala chowopsa. Amayamba kupanga ma antibodies enieni omutsutsa.

The anti anti, kapena ma immunoglobulins, ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi. Amazindikira ndi kuwononga zinthu zina zakunja zomwe thupi limakumana nazo. Chitetezo cha mthupi chimapanga mitundu ya 5 ya ma immunoglobulins otchedwa Ig A, Ig D, Ig E, Ig G ndi Ig M, omwe ali ndi ntchito zenizeni. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi ziwengo, makamaka Ig E yomwe imakhudzidwa.

  • The thupi lawo siligwirizana. Pamene allergen imalowa m'thupi kachiwiri, chitetezo cha mthupi chimakhala chokonzeka kuyankha. Ma antibodies amayesa kuthetsa allergen poyambitsa machitidwe achitetezo.

 

  

 

 

Dinani kuti muwone makanema ojambula  

CHOFUNIKA

The anaphylactic anachita. Izi thupi lawo siligwirizana, mwadzidzidzi ndi zonse, zimakhudza lonse chamoyo. Ngati sichimathandizidwa mwachangu, imatha kupita patsogolo mantha a anaphylactic, ndiko kuti, kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kukomoka ndipo mwina imfa, m’mphindi zochepa chabe.

Mwamsanga pamene zizindikiro zoyamba za kwambiri kuchita - kutupa kumaso kapena mkamwa, kuwawa kwamtima, zigamba zofiira pathupi - ndipo posachedwa zoyamba zisanachitike zizindikiro za kupuma -zovuta kupuma kapena kumeza, kupuma, kusintha kapena kutayika kwa mawu-, munthu ayenera kupereka epinephrine (ÉpiPen®, Twinject®) ndikupita ku chipinda chodzidzimutsa mwamsanga.

The atopy. Atopy ndi chikhalidwe chobadwa nacho cha ziwengo. Munthu akhoza kudwala mitundu ingapo ya ziwengo (asthma, rhinitis, eczema, etc.), pazifukwa zomwe sizidziwika. Malinga ndi International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children, kafukufuku wamkulu yemwe adachitika ku Europe, 40% mpaka 60% ya ana omwe ali ndi atopic eczema adzakhala ndi vuto la kupuma, ndipo 10% mpaka 20% adzakhala ndi mphumu.2. Zizindikiro zoyamba za ziwengo nthawi zambiri atopic chikanga ndi ziwengo chakudya, amene angaoneke makanda. Zizindikiro za matupi awo sagwirizana rhinitis - kununkhiza, kuyabwa m'maso, ndi kupindika m'mphuno - ndi mphumu zimachitika patapita nthawi ali wakhanda.3.

Zimayambitsa

Kuti pakhale ziwengo, zinthu ziwiri ndizofunikira: thupi liyenera kumvera chinthu, chotchedwa allergen, ndipo chinthuchi chiyenera kukhala pamalo omwe munthuyo amakhala.

The ambiri allergens ndi:

  • kuchokera mpweya allergens : mungu, ndowe za mite ndi pet dander;
  • kuchokera chakudya : mtedza, mkaka wa ng'ombe, mazira, tirigu, soya (soya), mtedza wamtengo, sesame, nsomba, nkhono ndi sulphites (chosungira);
  • ma allergens ena : mankhwala, latex, utsi wa tizilombo (njuchi, mavu, bumblebees, hornets).

Zosagwirizana ndi tsitsi la nyama?

Sitingagwirizane ndi tsitsi, koma ku dander kapena malovu a nyama, monga momwe sitiyenera kutsamira nthenga ndi mapilo, koma ndi zitosi za nthata zomwe zimabisala pamenepo.

Ife tikudziwabe pang'ono zachiyambi cha ziwengo. Akatswiri amavomereza kuti amayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale kuti pali anthu angapo omwe amadwala matenda a m'mabanja, ana ambiri omwe ali ndi ziwengo amachokera ku mabanja omwe alibe mbiri ya ziwengo.4. Choncho, ngakhale kuti pali chibadwa, zinthu zina zimakhudzidwa, kuphatikizapo: utsi wa fodya, moyo wakumadzulo ndi chilengedwe, makamaka kuipitsa mpweya. Kupsinjika maganizo kungapangitse kuti zizindikiro za ziwengo ziwonekere, koma sizimachititsa mwachindunji.

Mkaka: ziwengo kapena kusalolera?

Kusagwirizana kwa mkaka wa ng'ombe chifukwa cha mapuloteni ena amkaka sikuyenera kusokonezedwa ndi kusagwirizana kwa lactose, kulephera kugaya shuga wamkaka. Zizindikiro za tsankho la lactose zitha kuthetsedwa mwa kudya mkaka wopanda lactose kapena kumwa mankhwala owonjezera a lactase (Lactaid®), enzyme yoperewera, mukadya mkaka.

Kuchulukirachulukira

Zowawa ndizofala kwambiri masiku ano kuposa momwe zinalili zaka 30 zapitazo. M'dziko lapansi, ndi kufalikira Matenda osagwirizana nawo awonjezeka kawiri pazaka 15 mpaka 20 zapitazi. 40% mpaka 50% ya anthu m'mayiko otukuka amakhudzidwa ndi mtundu wina wa ziwengo5.

  • Ku Quebec, malinga ndi lipoti lopangidwa ndi National Institute of Public Health of Quebec, mitundu yonse ya ziwengo inakula kwambiri kuyambira 1987 mpaka 1998.6. Kukula kwa matupi awo sagwirizana kuchuluka kuchokera ku 6% mpaka 9,4%,mphumu, kuchokera 2,3% mpaka 5% ndi ziwengo zina kuchokera 6,5% mpaka 10,3%.
  • Pamene kumayambiriro kwa XXst atumwi, matupi awo sagwirizana zakhudza pafupifupi 1% ya anthu aku Western Europe, masiku ano chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akhudzidwa ndi 15% mpaka 20%.2. M’maiko ena a ku Ulaya, pafupifupi mwana mmodzi mwa ana anayi azaka 1 kapena kucheperapo ali ndi zaka 4 kapena kucheperapochikanga atopic. Kuonjezera apo, ana oposa 10% a zaka 13 ndi 14 amadwala mphumu.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matupi awo sagwirizana ndi chiyani?

Poona kusintha kwa chikhalidwe ndi chilengedwe komwe kwachitika zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, ofufuza apititsa patsogolo malingaliro osiyanasiyana.

The hygienist hypothesis. Malinga ndi lingaliro ili, kukhala m'malo (nyumba, malo ogwira ntchito ndi zosangalatsa) zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira zaukhondo komanso zoyeretsedwa zitha kufotokozera kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akudwaladwala m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Kulumikizana, ali aang'ono, ndi mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya kumapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chizikula bwino chomwe, apo ayi, chikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zosagwirizana. Izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chake ana omwe amadwala chimfine kanayi kapena kasanu pachaka sakhala pachiwopsezo cha ziwengo.

The permeability wa mucous nembanemba. Malinga ndi lingaliro lina, ziwengo zitha kukhala zotsatira za kuchuluka kwambiri kwa mucous nembanemba (m'mimba, m'kamwa, kupuma) kapena kusintha kwamatumbo am'mimba.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri pamutuwu, werengani Zowawa: Zomwe Akatswiri Amanena.

Evolution

Zakudya zosagwirizana ndi zakudya zimapitilirabe: nthawi zambiri mumayenera kuletsa chakudyacho kwa moyo wanu wonse. Ponena za chifuwa cha kupuma, amatha kutha mpaka kutha pafupifupi kwathunthu, ngakhale kukhalapo kwa allergen. Sizidziwika chifukwa chake kulolerana kungayambike, mu nkhani iyi. Atopic eczema imakhalanso bwino pakapita zaka. M'malo mwake, ziwengo zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pa kulumidwa zimatha kuipiraipira, nthawi zina mukalumidwa kachiwiri, pokhapokha mutalandira chithandizo cha deensitization.

matenda

Dokotala amatenga mbiri yazizindikiro: zimawoneka liti komanso momwe zimakhalira. Kuyeza pakhungu kapena magazi kumapangitsa kuti athe kudziwa bwino zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa kuti zithetsedwe momwe zingathere m'malo omwe amakhala, komanso kuti athe kuchiza matendawo.

The zoyezetsa khungu zindikirani zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kusamvana. Iwo zigwirizana poyera khungu kwa mlingo wochepa kwambiri wa oyeretsedwa allergenic zinthu; mukhoza kuyesa pafupifupi makumi anayi panthawi imodzi. Zinthuzi zimatha kukhala mungu wochokera ku zomera zosiyanasiyana, nkhungu, dander, nthata, njuchi, penicillin, ndi zina zotero. Zizindikiro za thupi lawo siligwirizana, zomwe zimatha nthawi yomweyo kapena kuchedwa (maola 48 pambuyo pake, makamaka chikanga). Ngati pali ziwengo, kadontho kakang'ono kofiira kamawoneka, kofanana ndi kulumidwa ndi tizilombo.

Siyani Mumakonda