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Matenda a Alzheimer ndi matenda a neurodegenerative omwe amakhudza kwambiri anthu okalamba. Zizindikiro zake ndi kudwala matenda a dementia, vuto la kukumbukira, kukwiya komanso kusinthasintha kwa maganizo. Matenda a Alzheimer's ndi osachiritsika ndipo nthawi zambiri amapatula odwala kuti asadzigwire okha.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Alzheimer's
Kupezeka kwa matenda a Alzheimer's kumalumikizidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana: majini, chilengedwe, ndi malingaliro (ntchito yayitali yamalingaliro imachedwetsa matendawa). Komabe, mpaka pano, chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a Alzheimer sichinadziwike. Pali malingaliro angapo asayansi, kuphatikiza kusintha kwa DNA komwe kungapangitse kuti matendawa awonekere.
Matenda a Alzheimer's amachititsa, mwa zina, kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa kayendedwe ka mauthenga mu cholinergic system ya forebrain. Mavutowa amabwera chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ma neurons a cholinergic (omwe ali ndi chidwi, kukumbukira). Ma neuron enanso amawonongeka, zomwe zimayambitsa mphwayi, chinyengo, nkhanza, ndi khalidwe lonyansa.
Njira ya matenda a Alzheimer's
Choyambitsa chachikulu cha dementia mu matenda a Alzheimer's ndi kuwonongeka kwa ma cholinergic neurons, komabe, ma depositi oyambirira a amyloid amawonekera mu glutamatergic neurons yomwe imayambitsa kufalikira kwa ubongo, yomwe ili mu entorhinal and associative cortex ndi hippocampus. Maselo aubongo awa ali ndi udindo wokumbukira komanso kuzindikira. Kenako zolembera za senile zimawonekera mu ulusi wa cholinergic ndi serotonin. Matendawa akamakula, kuchuluka kwa ma amyloid deposits kumawonjezeka ndipo kumayambitsa kutha kwa glutamatergic, cholinergic, serotonin ndi noradrenergic neurons.
Matenda a Alzheimer amayamba mosadziwika bwino ndipo alibe njira yokhazikika. Zimatenga zaka 5 mpaka 12. Zizindikiro zoyamba ndi kukumbukira ndi kusokonezeka maganizo (kuvutika maganizo ndi nkhanza zapakamwa). Kenako, mavuto okhala ndi kukumbukira kwatsopano komanso kutali amakula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kugwira ntchito paokha. Odwala a Alzheimer's amayamba kukhala ndi vuto la kulankhula, kumwa mankhwala ndi kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo kumawonjezereka. Mu matenda apamwamba, wodwalayo sangathe kuzindikira aliyense, amalankhula mawu amodzi, nthawi zina samalankhula konse. Nthawi zambiri, amakhala nthawi zonse ali pabedi ndipo sangathe kudya yekha. Nthawi zambiri amakhala wopanda chidwi kwambiri, koma nthawi zina pamakhala zizindikiro za chipwirikiti chachiwawa.
Chithandizo cha matenda a Alzheimer's
Pochiza matenda a Alzheimer's, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikiza: mankhwala ozindikira (kupititsa patsogolo luso lachidziwitso), kukulitsa kagayidwe ka ubongo, mankhwala olimbikitsa psychostimulating, kupititsa patsogolo kufalikira kwaubongo, kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, anticoagulants, kupewa cerebral hypoxia, mavitamini, anti-yotupa. mankhwala, psychotropic mankhwala.
Tsoka ilo, palibe chithandizo chomwe chapangidwa chifukwa cha matenda a Alzheimer's. Njira imodzi yochiritsira yodziwika kwambiri ndi kuonjezera khalidwe la conductivity mu cholinergic system - omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matendawa.
Kupezeka mu 1986 neuronal kukula factor (NGF) Zinabweretsa chiyembekezo chatsopano cha kutuluka kwa mankhwala atsopano ogwira mtima mu matenda a neurodegenerative. NGF imakhala ndi trophic (imapangitsa moyo kukhala wabwino) ndi triopic (imalimbikitsa kukula) zotsatira pamagulu ambiri a neuronal, amalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo a mitsempha. Izi zikusonyeza kuti NGF ikhoza kukhala yokhoza kulandira chithandizo cha matenda a Alzheimer's. Tsoka ilo, NGF ndi mapuloteni omwe samadutsa chotchinga chamagazi-muubongo ndipo amayenera kuperekedwa intracerebrally. Mwatsoka, jekeseni mwachindunji NGF mu madzimadzi mu ventricles ubongo kumayambitsa mavuto ambiri
Kafukufuku wina amasonyezanso kuti zinthu zochokera ku gulu la phosphodiesterase inhibitors akhoza kukhala mankhwala othandiza poletsa chitukuko ndi kuchepetsa zizindikiro za matenda a Alzheimer's. Gulu la ochita kafukufuku pa yunivesite ya Columbia, motsogoleredwa ndi Ottavio Arancio ndi Michael Shelanski, adapeza kuti mankhwala a rolipram (mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kuvutika maganizo m'mayiko ena) amawongolera kukumbukira ndi kuzindikira. Komanso, mankhwalawa ndi othandiza osati mu magawo oyambirira a matendawa, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's apamwamba. Rolipram ndi phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Phosphodiesterase ndi yomwe imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa molekyulu ya cAMP, yomwe imalimbikitsa kukula kwa minofu yamanjenje. Rolipram amalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa cAMP poletsa ntchito ya phosphodiesterase, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti cAMP iwunjikane mu minofu yowonongeka yamanjenje. Zotsatira zake, njira zofunika kukonzanso maselo owonongeka a mitsempha zimatha kuchitika.
Pogwiritsa ntchito ubongo kwambiri, timauteteza ku njira zowononga ubongo ndipo nthawi yomweyo timayambitsa matenda a neurogenesis, motero timatalikitsa unyamata wa malingaliro athu ndikuwonjezera mwayi wokhalabe mwanzeru kwa moyo wathu wonse. Choncho kuganiza kumapangitsa osati moyo wathu wokha, komanso thanzi lathu.
Werengani zambiri za zakudya zoteteza ku Alzheimer's!
Zolemba: Krzysztof Tokarski, MD, PhD, wofufuza pa Institute of Pharmacology ya Polish Academy of Sciences ku Krakow
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