Dmitry ndi freegan - munthu amene amakonda kukumba zinyalala kufunafuna chakudya ndi zinthu zina zothandiza. Mosiyana ndi anthu osowa pokhala ndi opemphapempha, freegans amachita zimenezi chifukwa cha malingaliro, kuthetsa kuvulaza kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso m'dongosolo lachuma lomwe likukonzekera phindu pa chisamaliro, chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe ka umunthu ka chuma cha dziko lapansi: kusunga ndalama kuti zikhale zokwanira kwa aliyense. Otsatira ufulu waufulu amachepetsa kutenga nawo mbali pazachuma chachikhalidwe ndipo amayesetsa kuchepetsa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwa njira yopapatiza, freeganism ndi mtundu wa anti-globalism.
Malinga ndi kunena kwa Food and Agriculture Organization ya United Nations, chaka chilichonse pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a chakudya chopangidwa, pafupifupi matani 1,3 biliyoni, chimatayidwa ndi kutayidwa. Ku Europe ndi North America, kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimawonongeka pachaka ndi 95 kg ndi 115 kg, motero, ku Russia chiwerengerochi ndi chotsika - 56 kg.
Gulu laufulu linayambira ku United States m'zaka za m'ma 1990 monga momwe anthu amadyera mopanda nzeru. Filosofi iyi ndi yatsopano ku Russia. Zimakhala zovuta kufufuza chiwerengero chenicheni cha anthu a ku Russia omwe amatsatira moyo waufulu, koma pali mazana a otsatira m'madera ochezera a pa Intaneti, makamaka ochokera ku mizinda ikuluikulu: Moscow, St. Petersburg ndi Yekaterinburg. Ambiri aulere, monga Dimitri, amagawana zithunzi zomwe apeza pa intaneti, kusinthana maupangiri opeza ndikukonzekera chakudya chotayidwa koma chodyedwa, ndipo amajambulanso mamapu a malo "ololera" kwambiri.
"Zonse zinayamba mu 2015. Panthawiyo, ndinakwera galimoto kupita ku Sochi kwa nthawi yoyamba ndipo apaulendo anzanga anandiuza za ufulu wa anthu. Ndinalibe ndalama zambiri, ndinali kukhala m’hema m’mphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo ndinaganiza zoyesa kuchita zaufulu,” akukumbukira motero.
Njira yotsutsa kapena kupulumuka?
Pamene kuli kwakuti anthu ena amanyansidwa ndi ganizo losakaza zinyalala, mabwenzi a Dimitri samamuweruza. “Abale anga ndi anzanga amandithandiza, ndipo nthawi zina ndimawauza zimene ndapeza. Ndikudziwa zambiri zaulere. M’pomveka kuti anthu ambiri amafuna kupeza chakudya chaulere.”
Zowonadi, ngati kwa ena, freeganism ndi njira yothanirana ndi zinyalala zochulukirapo, ndiye kuti kwa ambiri ku Russia, ndizovuta zachuma zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala ndi moyo uno. Okalamba ambiri, monga Sergei, wopuma pantchito wa ku St. “Nthawi zina ndimapeza buledi kapena masamba. Nthawi yapitayi ndinapeza bokosi la ma tangerines. Wina anachitaya, koma ndinalephera kuchitola chifukwa chinali cholemera ndipo nyumba yanga inali kutali,” akutero.
Maria, wazaka 29, wogwira ntchito pawokha wa ku Moscow, yemwe anali kuchita ufulu zaka zitatu zapitazo, nayenso akuvomereza kuti anayamba kukhala ndi moyo umenewu chifukwa cha mavuto ake azachuma. "Panali nthawi yomwe ndidakhala nthawi yayitali ndikukonzanso nyumba ndipo ndinalibe oda kuntchito. Ndinali ndi ngongole zambiri zomwe sindinalipire, choncho ndinayamba kusunga chakudya. Ndinaonera filimu yofotokoza za ufulu wa anthu ndipo ndinaganiza zofufuza anthu amene amachita zimenezi. Ndinakumana ndi mtsikana wina yemwenso anali ndi vuto lazachuma ndipo tinkapita kumasitolo kamodzi pa sabata, tikuyang'ana m'mabokosi a masamba ophwanyidwa omwe masitolo ankasiya pamsewu. Tinapeza zinthu zambiri zabwino. Ndinangotenga zomwe zidapakidwa kapena zomwe ndimatha kuziwiritsa kapena kuzikazinga. Sindinadyepo chilichonse chosaphika,” akutero.
Pambuyo pake, Maria adapeza bwino ndi ndalama, panthawi imodzimodziyo adasiya kuchita zopanda pake.
msampha wamalamulo
Ngakhale ma freegans ndi anzawo omenyera zachifundo akulimbikitsa njira yanzeru yopezera chakudya chomwe chatha pogwiritsa ntchito kugawana chakudya, kugwiritsa ntchito zotayidwa ndikupangira chakudya chaulere kwa osowa, ogulitsa aku Russia akuwoneka kuti "ali omangidwa" ndi malamulo.
Panali nthawi zina pamene ogwira ntchito m'sitolo ankakakamizika kuwononga dala zakudya zomwe zatha koma zodyedwa ndi madzi akuda, malasha kapena soda m'malo mopereka chakudya kwa anthu. Izi zili choncho chifukwa malamulo aku Russia amaletsa mabizinesi kusamutsa zinthu zomwe zidatha nthawi yake kupita ku china chilichonse kupatula mabizinesi obwezeretsanso. Kulephera kutsatira izi kungayambitse chindapusa kuyambira RUB 50 mpaka RUB 000 pakuphwanya kulikonse. Pakadali pano, chinthu chokhacho chomwe masitolo angachite mwalamulo ndikuchotsera zinthu zomwe zikuyandikira tsiku lotha ntchito.
Malo ogulitsira ena ang'onoang'ono ku Yakutsk adayesanso kuwonetsa shelufu yaulere kwa makasitomala omwe ali ndi mavuto azachuma, koma kuyesako kudalephera. Monga momwe Olga, mwiniwake wa sitoloyo, anafotokozera, makasitomala ambiri anayamba kutenga chakudya pashelufu iyi: “Anthu sanamvetsetse kuti zinthu zimenezi zinali za osauka.” Zofananazi zidachitika ku Krasnoyarsk, komwe osowa adachita manyazi kubwera kudzafuna chakudya chaulere, pomwe makasitomala olimbikira kufunafuna chakudya chaulere adabwera posachedwa.
Ku Russia, aphungu nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa kuti asinthe malamulo a "Pa Chitetezo cha Ufulu wa Ogula" kuti alole kugawidwa kwa zinthu zomwe zatha ntchito kwa osauka. Tsopano masitolo amakakamizika kulemba kuchedwa, koma nthawi zambiri kukonzanso kumawononga ndalama zambiri kuposa mtengo wazinthu zomwezo. Komabe, malinga ndi ambiri, njirayi idzapanga msika wosaloledwa wa zinthu zomwe zatha m'dzikoli, osatchulapo kuti zinthu zambiri zomwe zatha zimakhala zoopsa ku thanzi.